三维机织复合材料的多尺度力学分析及疲劳性能研究
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摘要
本论文的研究分为两部分。第一部分采用多尺度的有限元方法研究了圆管状三维机织复合材料的力学性能,第二部分对一种三维机织复合材料的疲劳刚度下降进行了试验研究和细观有限元模拟。
第一部分:
1.建立了圆管状三维机织复合材料的微、细观多尺度单胞模型,用微观单胞描述了纱线束中纤维和基体两相材料的非均匀性;用细观扇形单胞代表圆管中纤维束的细观几何。分别讨论了微、细观单胞满足的周期性边界条件,给出了单胞上平均应力、应变的计算方法。用商用软件多点约束法的方法实现了上述微,细观单胞多轴荷载下的周期性边界条件。
2.用上述多尺度的单胞模型对一种圆管状三维机织复合材料结构进行了多尺度耦合分析。首先由微观单胞计算出纤维束的平均弹性常数;再通过细观单胞分析,得到材料的宏观弹性常数。实现了由组分材料性能及编织参数预测圆管的宏观弹性性能。随后研究了复杂荷载下从大到小各尺度耦合的应力分析。对于圆管环向应力非周期分布的情况,建立了嵌入细观单胞的环状模型。
第二部分:
1.对一种三维机织复合材料分别进行了静态拉伸及拉-拉疲劳性能试验,得到了试验件的初始刚度,静强度和疲劳载荷下剩余刚度退化曲线,对试验件疲劳损伤演化进行拍摄了,并对疲劳断裂后的试验件的微、细观断裂面进行了观察,总结出材料的疲劳损伤机理。
2.建立了上述三维机织复合材料疲劳损伤的有限元模型,对疲劳加载进行了模拟,研究了疲劳累积损伤下材料力学性能的退化模式,给出了材料的疲劳失效判断准则和疲劳剩余刚度退化模型。利用商用软件ABAQUS的UMAT用户子程序功能实现了疲劳累积损伤的有限元模拟。
This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part ,A multi-scale coupled numerical model was developed to investigate the mechanical behaviors of 3D woven composite pipe first. In the second part, researching fatigue damage on 3D woven composite with the finite element simulation and experimental methods.
In the first part:
1. Micro- and meso-scale unit cells were built to represent the inhomogeneity of fiber tow and weave structure of 3D woven composite pipe, respectively. The periodic boundary condition of the camber shape meso-scale unit cell was specified. Then, the micro, meso unit cell of the periodic boundary conditions were implemented on the commercial software by Multi-point constraint method(MPC), and multi-axial loads either in terms of average stresses or average strains can be easily applied through master-slave node technology.
2. Multi-scale coupled numerical approaches for 3D woven composite pipe structure were pursued. The macro-scale stiffness of 3D woven pipe was obtained by averaging stiffness of unit cells from micro-scale to meso-scale. Using the multi-scale unit cells, the converse stress analysis process under multi-axial loads was carried out, i.e. to transfer stresses from macro-scale to meso-scale and finally micro-scale. A model of embedding meso-unit cell into a homogenous ring was suggested for meso stress analysis in case of meso-scale stress without periodicity in annular direction.
In the second part:
1. static tensile and tensile - tensile fatigue tests on 3D woven composite were performed to work out the material’s initial stiffness, staticstrength and residual strength degradation. The fracture surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM), and the material fatigue damage mechanism was summed up.
2. a finite element model was estalished to research fatigue damage on 3D woven composite. A degraded mode of the material properties on fatigue damage was developed by stress analysis under fatigue loading. The fatigue failure criteria and the sudden material property degradation rules of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite laminates have been developed. The fatigue damage accumulation was simulated with the user-defined material (UMAT) subroutine of ABAQUS.
第一部分:
1.建立了圆管状三维机织复合材料的微、细观多尺度单胞模型,用微观单胞描述了纱线束中纤维和基体两相材料的非均匀性;用细观扇形单胞代表圆管中纤维束的细观几何。分别讨论了微、细观单胞满足的周期性边界条件,给出了单胞上平均应力、应变的计算方法。用商用软件多点约束法的方法实现了上述微,细观单胞多轴荷载下的周期性边界条件。
2.用上述多尺度的单胞模型对一种圆管状三维机织复合材料结构进行了多尺度耦合分析。首先由微观单胞计算出纤维束的平均弹性常数;再通过细观单胞分析,得到材料的宏观弹性常数。实现了由组分材料性能及编织参数预测圆管的宏观弹性性能。随后研究了复杂荷载下从大到小各尺度耦合的应力分析。对于圆管环向应力非周期分布的情况,建立了嵌入细观单胞的环状模型。
第二部分:
1.对一种三维机织复合材料分别进行了静态拉伸及拉-拉疲劳性能试验,得到了试验件的初始刚度,静强度和疲劳载荷下剩余刚度退化曲线,对试验件疲劳损伤演化进行拍摄了,并对疲劳断裂后的试验件的微、细观断裂面进行了观察,总结出材料的疲劳损伤机理。
2.建立了上述三维机织复合材料疲劳损伤的有限元模型,对疲劳加载进行了模拟,研究了疲劳累积损伤下材料力学性能的退化模式,给出了材料的疲劳失效判断准则和疲劳剩余刚度退化模型。利用商用软件ABAQUS的UMAT用户子程序功能实现了疲劳累积损伤的有限元模拟。
This paper is divided into two parts. In the first part ,A multi-scale coupled numerical model was developed to investigate the mechanical behaviors of 3D woven composite pipe first. In the second part, researching fatigue damage on 3D woven composite with the finite element simulation and experimental methods.
In the first part:
1. Micro- and meso-scale unit cells were built to represent the inhomogeneity of fiber tow and weave structure of 3D woven composite pipe, respectively. The periodic boundary condition of the camber shape meso-scale unit cell was specified. Then, the micro, meso unit cell of the periodic boundary conditions were implemented on the commercial software by Multi-point constraint method(MPC), and multi-axial loads either in terms of average stresses or average strains can be easily applied through master-slave node technology.
2. Multi-scale coupled numerical approaches for 3D woven composite pipe structure were pursued. The macro-scale stiffness of 3D woven pipe was obtained by averaging stiffness of unit cells from micro-scale to meso-scale. Using the multi-scale unit cells, the converse stress analysis process under multi-axial loads was carried out, i.e. to transfer stresses from macro-scale to meso-scale and finally micro-scale. A model of embedding meso-unit cell into a homogenous ring was suggested for meso stress analysis in case of meso-scale stress without periodicity in annular direction.
In the second part:
1. static tensile and tensile - tensile fatigue tests on 3D woven composite were performed to work out the material’s initial stiffness, staticstrength and residual strength degradation. The fracture surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope(SEM), and the material fatigue damage mechanism was summed up.
2. a finite element model was estalished to research fatigue damage on 3D woven composite. A degraded mode of the material properties on fatigue damage was developed by stress analysis under fatigue loading. The fatigue failure criteria and the sudden material property degradation rules of unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite laminates have been developed. The fatigue damage accumulation was simulated with the user-defined material (UMAT) subroutine of ABAQUS.
引文
[1]陶肖明,冼杏娟,高冠勋.纺织结构复合材料.北京科学出版社,2001: 1~10.
[2]易洪雷,丁辛.三维机织复合材料研究进展.力学进展, 2001,31(2):161~171.
[3]钟翔屿,纺织复合材料在航空航天工业上的应用.纺织导报, 2003(6):142~146.
[4] Cholakara M T, Jang B Z, Wang C Z. Deformation and failure mechanisms in 3D orthogonal composite. Journal of Reinforced Proceedings of the 34th International SAMPE Spmposium, Nerada, 1989-05-08-11. 2153~2160.
[5]董孚允,王春敏,董娟.三维纺织复合材料的发展和应用.纤维复合材料. 2001,9(3):37~40.
[6] Peirce F T. The geometry of cloth structure. Journal of the Textile Institute,1937,28(3): T45~96.
[7]Hamed,H.A.K.&Sadek,K.S.H.,Mechanical properties of woven fabrics,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Series B,1985,199(2):67~70.
[8] Whitney T J ,Chou T W. Modeling of 3D angle-interlock textile structural composite. Journal of composites Materials.1989,23(9):890-911.
[9]Byun J H,Chou T W.Elastic properties of three 2dimensional angle 2interlock fabric preforms[J]. Journal of the Textile Institute, 1990, 81(4): 538-548.
[10]Ko F K,Du G W.Processing of textile preforms.In:Gutow ski T G, ed.Advanced Compo sites Manufacturing[M]. New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc, 1997. 182-187.
[11]Pochiraju K,Chou T W.Three dimensionally woven and braided composites——é: A model for anisotropic stiffness pediction[J]. Polym Comp, 1999, 20(4): 565-580.
[12]燕瑛,成传贤.基于细观结构的三维机织复合材料弹性性能的分析.航空学报, 1999, 20(4): 289~293.
[13]杨连贺,丘冠雄,黄故.任意结构三维机织复合材料弹性性能的计算机模拟.复合材料学报, 2000, 17(2): 79~83.
[14]易洪雷,丁辛.三维机织复合材料的弹性性能预报模型.力学学报, 2003, 35(5): 569~577.
[15]周储伟,喻溅鉴,周光明.三维机织复合材料的一种梁单元细观力学模型.复合材料学报,2004,21(6):155~160.
[16] Zhou Chuwei. A micro mechanical model of 3D woven compsites. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2005,18(1):40~60.
[17] Lei C,Cai Y J,Ko F K. Finite element analysis of 3-D brai-ded composites [J]. Advances in Engineering Software,1992,14:187~194.
[18] Cox B N, Carter W C, Fleck N A. A binary model of textile composites: I. formulation. ActaMetallurgica et Materialia. 1994,42(10): 3463~3479.
[19] Xu J, Cox B N, McGlockton M A, et al. A binary model of textile composites: II. the elastic regime. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia. 1995,43(9): 3511~3524.
[20]周储伟,张音旋.三维机织复合材料多尺度黏弹性分析.复合材料学报, 2007, 24(5): 125~129.
[21]王新峰,周光明,周储伟,等.基于周期性边界条件的机织复合材料多尺度分析.南京航空航天大学学报, 2005, 37(6): 730~735.
[22]董伟锋,肖军,李勇. 2.5维编织复合材料力学性能的有限元分析.材料科学与工程学报, 2007, 25(5): 657~666.
[23]姬长干.三维正交机织复合材料准静态侵彻实验和有限元模拟.纤维复合材料, 2007, 48: 48~52.
[24] C.W.Zhou, J.Tian. Multi-scale Viscoelastic Analysis of 3D Woven Composites. Jinghong Fang, Haibo Chen, ADVANCES IN HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL MECHANICS, lancaster, DEStech Publications, Inc., 2008: 360~363.
[25]周光明,王新峰,王鑫伟,等.三维机织复合材料的力学模型与实验验证.南京航空航天大学学报,2004, 36(4): 444~448.
[26]戎琦,邱夷平.三维机织复合材料的弯曲疲劳性能.纺织学报,2007, 28(10): 42~53.
[27]戚东涛,程光旭.纤维增强复合材料多轴疲劳的实验研究.材料科学与工程学报,2007,25(1):5~8.
[28] Yang J M,Ma C L,Chou T W. Fiber inclination model of three-dimensional textile structural composites [J]. Journal of Composite Materials,1986,20(9):472~484.
[29] Ito M,Chou T W. An analytical and experimental study of strength and failure behavior of plain weave composite. Journal of composites materials,1998, 32(1): 11~30.
[30] V. Carvelli, C.Poggi. A homogenization procedure for the numerical analysis of woven fabric composites. Composites: Part A, 2001, 32: 1425~1432.
[31] Sun H Y,Di S L,Zhang N,etal. Micromechanics of braided composites via multivariable FEM [J]. Computers and Structures,2003,81(20):2021-2027.
[32]刘佳.三维机织回转体复合材料的细观结构及力学分析.[硕士论文].南京航空航天大学.2009.
[33]Suquet P. Elements of homogenization theory for inelastic solid mechanics. In: Snachez-Palencia, E., Zaoui, A. (Eds.), Homogenization Techniques for Composite Media. 1987, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 194~275.
[34]Xia Z H, Zhou C W, Yong Q L, Wang X W. On selection of repeated unit cell model andapplication of unified periodic boundary conditions in micro-mechanical analysis of composites. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2005, 43(2): 266-278.
[35]Xia Z H, Zhang Y F, Ellyin F. A unified periodical boundary conditions for representative volume elements of composites and applications. International Journal of Solids and Struct- ures, 2003, 40: 1907-1921.
[36]田俊,三维机织复合材料的多尺度力学性能研究.[硕士论文].南京航空航天大学.2009.
[37]Н.И.МУСХЕЛИШВИЛИ.数学弹性力学的几个基本问题[M],赵惠元译,北京:科学出版社, 1958.
[38] Dong-Yeul Song and Nobuo Otani,Approximate estimation of fatigue strength of polymer matrix composites by material properties. Materials Science and Engineering, A254, 1998:200~206.
[39]Yasuhiro Nishikawa, Kazuya Okubo,Toru Fujii, etc,Fatigue crack constrain in plain-woven CFRP using newly-developed spread tows,International Journal of Fatigue 28,2006:1248~1253.
[40]吴富强,姚卫星.一种复合材料层合板的S—N曲线模型.机械强度,2004,26(s):127-129.
[41]冯培锋,杜善义,王殿富,李海涛.层板复合材料的疲劳剩余刚度衰退模型.固体力学学报,2003,24(1),46~52.
[42]吴富强姚卫星,纤维增强复合材料剩余强度衰减模型。南京航空航天大学学报,2008,40(4),517~520.
[43]Wei Lian, Weixing Yao,Fatigue life prediction of composite laminates by FEA simulation method. International Journal of Fatigue,2010,32(1):123-133.
[44]Haynes B, Milligan M. Experimental investigation of melt blowing[J]. INDA Journal of Nonwovens Research, 1991, (4):20-25.
[45]齐红宇,温卫东.现代纤维增强复合材料疲劳理论进展.材料导报, 2001,15(1),36~38.
[2]易洪雷,丁辛.三维机织复合材料研究进展.力学进展, 2001,31(2):161~171.
[3]钟翔屿,纺织复合材料在航空航天工业上的应用.纺织导报, 2003(6):142~146.
[4] Cholakara M T, Jang B Z, Wang C Z. Deformation and failure mechanisms in 3D orthogonal composite. Journal of Reinforced Proceedings of the 34th International SAMPE Spmposium, Nerada, 1989-05-08-11. 2153~2160.
[5]董孚允,王春敏,董娟.三维纺织复合材料的发展和应用.纤维复合材料. 2001,9(3):37~40.
[6] Peirce F T. The geometry of cloth structure. Journal of the Textile Institute,1937,28(3): T45~96.
[7]Hamed,H.A.K.&Sadek,K.S.H.,Mechanical properties of woven fabrics,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Series B,1985,199(2):67~70.
[8] Whitney T J ,Chou T W. Modeling of 3D angle-interlock textile structural composite. Journal of composites Materials.1989,23(9):890-911.
[9]Byun J H,Chou T W.Elastic properties of three 2dimensional angle 2interlock fabric preforms[J]. Journal of the Textile Institute, 1990, 81(4): 538-548.
[10]Ko F K,Du G W.Processing of textile preforms.In:Gutow ski T G, ed.Advanced Compo sites Manufacturing[M]. New York:John Wiley&Sons Inc, 1997. 182-187.
[11]Pochiraju K,Chou T W.Three dimensionally woven and braided composites——é: A model for anisotropic stiffness pediction[J]. Polym Comp, 1999, 20(4): 565-580.
[12]燕瑛,成传贤.基于细观结构的三维机织复合材料弹性性能的分析.航空学报, 1999, 20(4): 289~293.
[13]杨连贺,丘冠雄,黄故.任意结构三维机织复合材料弹性性能的计算机模拟.复合材料学报, 2000, 17(2): 79~83.
[14]易洪雷,丁辛.三维机织复合材料的弹性性能预报模型.力学学报, 2003, 35(5): 569~577.
[15]周储伟,喻溅鉴,周光明.三维机织复合材料的一种梁单元细观力学模型.复合材料学报,2004,21(6):155~160.
[16] Zhou Chuwei. A micro mechanical model of 3D woven compsites. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2005,18(1):40~60.
[17] Lei C,Cai Y J,Ko F K. Finite element analysis of 3-D brai-ded composites [J]. Advances in Engineering Software,1992,14:187~194.
[18] Cox B N, Carter W C, Fleck N A. A binary model of textile composites: I. formulation. ActaMetallurgica et Materialia. 1994,42(10): 3463~3479.
[19] Xu J, Cox B N, McGlockton M A, et al. A binary model of textile composites: II. the elastic regime. Acta Metallurgica et Materialia. 1995,43(9): 3511~3524.
[20]周储伟,张音旋.三维机织复合材料多尺度黏弹性分析.复合材料学报, 2007, 24(5): 125~129.
[21]王新峰,周光明,周储伟,等.基于周期性边界条件的机织复合材料多尺度分析.南京航空航天大学学报, 2005, 37(6): 730~735.
[22]董伟锋,肖军,李勇. 2.5维编织复合材料力学性能的有限元分析.材料科学与工程学报, 2007, 25(5): 657~666.
[23]姬长干.三维正交机织复合材料准静态侵彻实验和有限元模拟.纤维复合材料, 2007, 48: 48~52.
[24] C.W.Zhou, J.Tian. Multi-scale Viscoelastic Analysis of 3D Woven Composites. Jinghong Fang, Haibo Chen, ADVANCES IN HETEROGENEOUS MATERIAL MECHANICS, lancaster, DEStech Publications, Inc., 2008: 360~363.
[25]周光明,王新峰,王鑫伟,等.三维机织复合材料的力学模型与实验验证.南京航空航天大学学报,2004, 36(4): 444~448.
[26]戎琦,邱夷平.三维机织复合材料的弯曲疲劳性能.纺织学报,2007, 28(10): 42~53.
[27]戚东涛,程光旭.纤维增强复合材料多轴疲劳的实验研究.材料科学与工程学报,2007,25(1):5~8.
[28] Yang J M,Ma C L,Chou T W. Fiber inclination model of three-dimensional textile structural composites [J]. Journal of Composite Materials,1986,20(9):472~484.
[29] Ito M,Chou T W. An analytical and experimental study of strength and failure behavior of plain weave composite. Journal of composites materials,1998, 32(1): 11~30.
[30] V. Carvelli, C.Poggi. A homogenization procedure for the numerical analysis of woven fabric composites. Composites: Part A, 2001, 32: 1425~1432.
[31] Sun H Y,Di S L,Zhang N,etal. Micromechanics of braided composites via multivariable FEM [J]. Computers and Structures,2003,81(20):2021-2027.
[32]刘佳.三维机织回转体复合材料的细观结构及力学分析.[硕士论文].南京航空航天大学.2009.
[33]Suquet P. Elements of homogenization theory for inelastic solid mechanics. In: Snachez-Palencia, E., Zaoui, A. (Eds.), Homogenization Techniques for Composite Media. 1987, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 194~275.
[34]Xia Z H, Zhou C W, Yong Q L, Wang X W. On selection of repeated unit cell model andapplication of unified periodic boundary conditions in micro-mechanical analysis of composites. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2005, 43(2): 266-278.
[35]Xia Z H, Zhang Y F, Ellyin F. A unified periodical boundary conditions for representative volume elements of composites and applications. International Journal of Solids and Struct- ures, 2003, 40: 1907-1921.
[36]田俊,三维机织复合材料的多尺度力学性能研究.[硕士论文].南京航空航天大学.2009.
[37]Н.И.МУСХЕЛИШВИЛИ.数学弹性力学的几个基本问题[M],赵惠元译,北京:科学出版社, 1958.
[38] Dong-Yeul Song and Nobuo Otani,Approximate estimation of fatigue strength of polymer matrix composites by material properties. Materials Science and Engineering, A254, 1998:200~206.
[39]Yasuhiro Nishikawa, Kazuya Okubo,Toru Fujii, etc,Fatigue crack constrain in plain-woven CFRP using newly-developed spread tows,International Journal of Fatigue 28,2006:1248~1253.
[40]吴富强,姚卫星.一种复合材料层合板的S—N曲线模型.机械强度,2004,26(s):127-129.
[41]冯培锋,杜善义,王殿富,李海涛.层板复合材料的疲劳剩余刚度衰退模型.固体力学学报,2003,24(1),46~52.
[42]吴富强姚卫星,纤维增强复合材料剩余强度衰减模型。南京航空航天大学学报,2008,40(4),517~520.
[43]Wei Lian, Weixing Yao,Fatigue life prediction of composite laminates by FEA simulation method. International Journal of Fatigue,2010,32(1):123-133.
[44]Haynes B, Milligan M. Experimental investigation of melt blowing[J]. INDA Journal of Nonwovens Research, 1991, (4):20-25.
[45]齐红宇,温卫东.现代纤维增强复合材料疲劳理论进展.材料导报, 2001,15(1),36~38.