非插入式液压系统管路压力与流量测量技术研究
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摘要
以普通钢质液压管路为工程对象,对通过应变法来测量液压管道内流体压力、流量的方法做了深入而系统的研究。
综述了压力、流量的非插入式测量技术和液压系统故障诊断技术的历史、现状、问题及发展方向。为了满足对于液压设备的状态检测与故障诊断的实际要求,提出了利用管道形变测量管路压力与流量非插入式测量的新方法。
在理论方面,总结了管道动态模型的理论,对管路动态基本方程中的非线性因素进行研究,指出该方程是来源于微波技术中的微波传输线长线理论,液压系统相对于电学中的微波传输过程的非线性因素太多,应对方程中各参数的设定加以调整。对各非线性因素分别加以分析,发现管路综合弹性模量是对通过管路两端动态压力推导管路动态流量过程中最大的非线性环节,必须对该环节引起的误差进行纠正。
对介质的体积弹性模量变化规律进行了理论与实验研究,提出介质弹性模量在本文中的赋值方案必须用实时测量的结果；同时,在仿真计算与工程设计中,必须考虑弹性模量在一定范围内的变动,给出最大与最小值之间变化时系统内各参数变化的范围。
在实践方面,从动态特性与静态特性两个方面在理论上论证了用应变电测方法直接测量管道形变的可行性,并为夹具的进一步设计提供了基础。
在产品化方面,为了实现现场的多点测量,根据测量要求,设计了夹具,首先提出各种结构形式,并一一进行实验,其次,根据实验反馈的结果不断调整夹具的各种参数,最后设计出了满足要求的夹具,方便了工程使用。
根据工程实际应用的需要,设计了简单、便携的数据采集系统。
最后,进行了试验分析。通过试验,验证了液压管路动态压力测量可以使用应变电测法,并得出了夹具安装的规范,为工程使用提供了指导意见,验证了可以使用管路动态压力法推算介质流量。
The ordinary steel pipe for the hydraulic system is considered as the mainsubject. Fluid pressure and flow rate measurement in the pipeline based on strain mouthed have been studied.
Outlines the background of this issue, the importance, the purpose and practical significance. The history, status, and the problem of the pressure and flow and the technology for fault diagnosis to the hydraulic system are reviewed. In order to meet the need of hydraulic equipment fault detection and diagnosis, the dissertation proposed a new measurement method using pipe distortion to measure the pressure and flow of the fluid in the pipe based on non-inserting technology.
In the aspect of theories, the pipeline dynamic model and recent developments have been summed up systematically. According to the transmission line theory in microwave technology, the time-domain representation of the pipeline dynamic model has been taken. The non-linear factors of the pipeline dynamic model have been studied, pointing out because this equation is derived from microwave technology, and compared with the hydraulic system of electrical microwave transmission, there are too many non-linear factors in the hydraulic system and the non-linear factors should be based on the actual situation of the equation in setting the parameters to be adjusted. The non-linear factors were analysied.It was be found that the impedance modulus the largest non-linear factors, and must be eliminated.
The theoretical research to the elasticity modulus changes has been made. It was been proposed that the elasticity modulus changes randomly, and must use the real-time measurement results of operations at the same time. And in simulation and engineering design, modulus of elasticity must be considered in a certain range of changes, between the minimum and maximum change. We can not determine the value or use a function of determining the amount in setting modulus calculation and designing work.
In the aspect of system implementation, for the deformation rate of hydraulic pipe is small, so there is suspicion to the feasibility corresponding measuring deformation of the pipeline by strain method. So the feasibility is proved in the static and dynamic characteristics and theoretical basis for the next fixture is provided.
In the aspect of commercialization, a clamp has been designed for measurement. First, the various structure forms have been brought forward, and then the experiment was carried out. According to the experiment result, the clamp parameter continually has been readjusted. At last, an appropriate clamp has been designed.
Tests were analyzed. These tests proved the dynamic pressure in hydraulic pipe can be measured by strain method, the guidance for the location of the clamps in the pipe have been given. It shows that using the dynamic pressure to calculate the flow was feasible.
综述了压力、流量的非插入式测量技术和液压系统故障诊断技术的历史、现状、问题及发展方向。为了满足对于液压设备的状态检测与故障诊断的实际要求,提出了利用管道形变测量管路压力与流量非插入式测量的新方法。
在理论方面,总结了管道动态模型的理论,对管路动态基本方程中的非线性因素进行研究,指出该方程是来源于微波技术中的微波传输线长线理论,液压系统相对于电学中的微波传输过程的非线性因素太多,应对方程中各参数的设定加以调整。对各非线性因素分别加以分析,发现管路综合弹性模量是对通过管路两端动态压力推导管路动态流量过程中最大的非线性环节,必须对该环节引起的误差进行纠正。
对介质的体积弹性模量变化规律进行了理论与实验研究,提出介质弹性模量在本文中的赋值方案必须用实时测量的结果；同时,在仿真计算与工程设计中,必须考虑弹性模量在一定范围内的变动,给出最大与最小值之间变化时系统内各参数变化的范围。
在实践方面,从动态特性与静态特性两个方面在理论上论证了用应变电测方法直接测量管道形变的可行性,并为夹具的进一步设计提供了基础。
在产品化方面,为了实现现场的多点测量,根据测量要求,设计了夹具,首先提出各种结构形式,并一一进行实验,其次,根据实验反馈的结果不断调整夹具的各种参数,最后设计出了满足要求的夹具,方便了工程使用。
根据工程实际应用的需要,设计了简单、便携的数据采集系统。
最后,进行了试验分析。通过试验,验证了液压管路动态压力测量可以使用应变电测法,并得出了夹具安装的规范,为工程使用提供了指导意见,验证了可以使用管路动态压力法推算介质流量。
The ordinary steel pipe for the hydraulic system is considered as the mainsubject. Fluid pressure and flow rate measurement in the pipeline based on strain mouthed have been studied.
Outlines the background of this issue, the importance, the purpose and practical significance. The history, status, and the problem of the pressure and flow and the technology for fault diagnosis to the hydraulic system are reviewed. In order to meet the need of hydraulic equipment fault detection and diagnosis, the dissertation proposed a new measurement method using pipe distortion to measure the pressure and flow of the fluid in the pipe based on non-inserting technology.
In the aspect of theories, the pipeline dynamic model and recent developments have been summed up systematically. According to the transmission line theory in microwave technology, the time-domain representation of the pipeline dynamic model has been taken. The non-linear factors of the pipeline dynamic model have been studied, pointing out because this equation is derived from microwave technology, and compared with the hydraulic system of electrical microwave transmission, there are too many non-linear factors in the hydraulic system and the non-linear factors should be based on the actual situation of the equation in setting the parameters to be adjusted. The non-linear factors were analysied.It was be found that the impedance modulus the largest non-linear factors, and must be eliminated.
The theoretical research to the elasticity modulus changes has been made. It was been proposed that the elasticity modulus changes randomly, and must use the real-time measurement results of operations at the same time. And in simulation and engineering design, modulus of elasticity must be considered in a certain range of changes, between the minimum and maximum change. We can not determine the value or use a function of determining the amount in setting modulus calculation and designing work.
In the aspect of system implementation, for the deformation rate of hydraulic pipe is small, so there is suspicion to the feasibility corresponding measuring deformation of the pipeline by strain method. So the feasibility is proved in the static and dynamic characteristics and theoretical basis for the next fixture is provided.
In the aspect of commercialization, a clamp has been designed for measurement. First, the various structure forms have been brought forward, and then the experiment was carried out. According to the experiment result, the clamp parameter continually has been readjusted. At last, an appropriate clamp has been designed.
Tests were analyzed. These tests proved the dynamic pressure in hydraulic pipe can be measured by strain method, the guidance for the location of the clamps in the pipe have been given. It shows that using the dynamic pressure to calculate the flow was feasible.
引文
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