MDA在仿真实验引擎设计中的应用研究
摘要
MDA是从传统软件开发转向基于可重用技术的以模型驱动架构的方法学。其中引入了标准的建模规约,提供了高效的建模技术,可以为各种不同的企业领域进行建模;它提供了转换技术,将一种类型的模型转换为另一种类型;它提供了映射技术,可以从模型生成实现代码。MDA的特性使软件的投资回报率最大化。
《仿真实验引擎》是《中学理科仿真实验系统》中的核心。在《中学理科仿真实验系统》的设计中,各学科、各种类型的实验,都有类似起控制作用的代码。对于这个部分,将其抽象出来设计为引擎,为处于引擎上层的应用软件提供运行与开发的环境,帮助开发人员高效地开发和集成复杂的应用软件。
本文将MDA思想的应用到设计一个教育软件系统的仿真实验引擎中,探讨其在软件开发方式上与传统软件开发模式相比较的优越性,在此基础上通过讨论OMG组织各项关于MDA的核心标准(UML、MOF、XMI、CWM),研究这些标准是如何应用在构建仿真实验引擎的业务模型上的,并重点探讨MDA中模型的描述及平台无关模型到平台相关模型的转换问题。
MDA is a methodology using models to driven the process of software development different from the traditional software development and the models could be reuse. MDA contains a standard modeling Facility, it provides a great efficiency for modeling, it could model for various enterprise domains; it provides the technology of transformation to transform one model to another; and it provides the technology of mapping to generate code from model. The specialties of MDA maximize the software ROI.
"Virtual Experiment Engine" is the hard core of the "High School Science Virtual Experiment System". In the design of "High School Science Virtual Experiment System", similar code consists in various types and subjects of Experiments. To this part, we abstract it as a engine to provide runtime and development environment for the client application, which at upper layer, Developer could develop and integrate complicated application efficiently under the help of the engine.
This paper designed a Virtual Experiment Engine of an educational system under the directions of MDA concept. We discussed its superiority in software developing method, on the base of it; we discussed OMG's MDA core standards, such as UML, MOF, XMI and CWM to find out how these standards are applied in constructing the business model of Virtual Experiment Engine. Then we discussed the description of a model and model transformation from PIM to PSM in MDA development.
《仿真实验引擎》是《中学理科仿真实验系统》中的核心。在《中学理科仿真实验系统》的设计中,各学科、各种类型的实验,都有类似起控制作用的代码。对于这个部分,将其抽象出来设计为引擎,为处于引擎上层的应用软件提供运行与开发的环境,帮助开发人员高效地开发和集成复杂的应用软件。
本文将MDA思想的应用到设计一个教育软件系统的仿真实验引擎中,探讨其在软件开发方式上与传统软件开发模式相比较的优越性,在此基础上通过讨论OMG组织各项关于MDA的核心标准(UML、MOF、XMI、CWM),研究这些标准是如何应用在构建仿真实验引擎的业务模型上的,并重点探讨MDA中模型的描述及平台无关模型到平台相关模型的转换问题。
MDA is a methodology using models to driven the process of software development different from the traditional software development and the models could be reuse. MDA contains a standard modeling Facility, it provides a great efficiency for modeling, it could model for various enterprise domains; it provides the technology of transformation to transform one model to another; and it provides the technology of mapping to generate code from model. The specialties of MDA maximize the software ROI.
"Virtual Experiment Engine" is the hard core of the "High School Science Virtual Experiment System". In the design of "High School Science Virtual Experiment System", similar code consists in various types and subjects of Experiments. To this part, we abstract it as a engine to provide runtime and development environment for the client application, which at upper layer, Developer could develop and integrate complicated application efficiently under the help of the engine.
This paper designed a Virtual Experiment Engine of an educational system under the directions of MDA concept. We discussed its superiority in software developing method, on the base of it; we discussed OMG's MDA core standards, such as UML, MOF, XMI and CWM to find out how these standards are applied in constructing the business model of Virtual Experiment Engine. Then we discussed the description of a model and model transformation from PIM to PSM in MDA development.
引文
[1]Richard Mark Soley.Modeling All the Way Up...Modeling All the Way Down.[Z/OL].http://www.omg.org/mda/webcast/MDA_Up_Down.pdf.
[2]MDA Success Story[Z/OL].http://www.omg.org/mda/products_success.htm
[3]Jos Warmer,Anneke Kleppe.The Object Constraint Language:Getting Your Models Ready for MDA,Second Edition[M].Addison Wesley.August 29,2003
[4]Fred Brooks.No Silver Bullet - Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering[J].Proceedings of the IFIP Tenth World Computing Conference,pp.1069-1076,1986.
[5]中间件[Z/OL].http://www.itisedu.com
[6]OMG CORBA.http://www.corba.org/
[7]Model Driven Architecture(MDA)FAQ[Z/OL].http://www.omg.org/mda/faq mda.htm.
[8]Anneke Kleppe,Jos Warmer,Wim Bast.MDA Explained:The Model Driven Architecture~(TM):Practice and Promise[M].Addison Wesley.April 21,2003
[9]OMG Unified Modeling Language Specification,Version 2.0.http://www.uml.org/
[10]OMG Meta Object Facility Specification2.0.http://www.omg.org/mof/.
[11]Lars M.Garshol.BNF and EBNF:What are they and how do they work?[Z/OL].http://www.garshol.priv.no/download/text/bnf.html.2003-07-21
[12]Domain Specific Language[Z/OL].http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?DomainSpecificLanguage
[13]OMG XML Metadata Interchange Specification,Version 1.0,http://www.omg.org/technology/xmi.
[14]OMG Common Warehouse Metamodel Specification,Version 1.0,http://www.omg.org/technology/cwn.
[15]鲍志云.解析MDA[M].人民邮电出版社ISBN:7-115-11812-4.2004
[16]Jishnu Mukerji,Joaquin Miller.MDA Guide Vl.0.1.http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?omg/03-06-01
[17]James Rumbaugh,Ivar Jacobson,Grady Booth.The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual Second Edition[M].Addison Wesley.July 19,2004
[18]刘昀,宁德军.如何使用IBM Rational Software Architect实现模型驱动的软件开发[Z/OL]http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/r-rsa-mdd/.
[19]OGRE 3D中文网[Z/OL]http://www.ogre3d.cn/
[20]伽玛等著,李英军等译.设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础.[M]北京:机械工业出版社。2005.6
[21]周东岱,叶育鑫,胡光道,蔡海军.基于模型驱动架构的GIS应用开发研究[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,04
[22]OMG Model Driven Architecture(MDA),Draf,2001.7,http://www.omg.org
[23]Frankel,S.David.Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing[M].Wiley.2003.
[24]David S.Frankel著,鲍志云译,应用MDA.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.10
[25]Chris Raistrick,Paul Francis,John Wright,Model Driven Architecture with Executable UML[M].Cambridge University Press,2004.5
[26]黄乐,一个基于MDA的银行自助终端系统的研究与实现[D]东南大学,2006.10
[27]吴春水,唐胜群.MDA中从PIM到PSM的模型转换[J].计算机工程,2004.03
[28]梅宏,吕建.软件体系结构专刊前言[J].软件学报,2006,06.
[29]王学斌,吴泉源,史殿习.模型驱动架构中的模型转换方法[J].计算机工程与科学,2006,11
[30]陈亚丽.基于MDA的软件开发方法研究与应用[D]西南石油大学,2006.
[31]董建武.模型驱动体系结构的剖析及应用[D]浙江大学,2002.
[32]孙萌.基于MDA的有害藻华监测及数据传输系统的设计与实现[D]山东大学,2006.
[33]吴海生.元建模在模型驱动架构中的应用研究[D].华东师范大学,2005
[2]MDA Success Story[Z/OL].http://www.omg.org/mda/products_success.htm
[3]Jos Warmer,Anneke Kleppe.The Object Constraint Language:Getting Your Models Ready for MDA,Second Edition[M].Addison Wesley.August 29,2003
[4]Fred Brooks.No Silver Bullet - Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering[J].Proceedings of the IFIP Tenth World Computing Conference,pp.1069-1076,1986.
[5]中间件[Z/OL].http://www.itisedu.com
[6]OMG CORBA.http://www.corba.org/
[7]Model Driven Architecture(MDA)FAQ[Z/OL].http://www.omg.org/mda/faq mda.htm.
[8]Anneke Kleppe,Jos Warmer,Wim Bast.MDA Explained:The Model Driven Architecture~(TM):Practice and Promise[M].Addison Wesley.April 21,2003
[9]OMG Unified Modeling Language Specification,Version 2.0.http://www.uml.org/
[10]OMG Meta Object Facility Specification2.0.http://www.omg.org/mof/.
[11]Lars M.Garshol.BNF and EBNF:What are they and how do they work?[Z/OL].http://www.garshol.priv.no/download/text/bnf.html.2003-07-21
[12]Domain Specific Language[Z/OL].http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?DomainSpecificLanguage
[13]OMG XML Metadata Interchange Specification,Version 1.0,http://www.omg.org/technology/xmi.
[14]OMG Common Warehouse Metamodel Specification,Version 1.0,http://www.omg.org/technology/cwn.
[15]鲍志云.解析MDA[M].人民邮电出版社ISBN:7-115-11812-4.2004
[16]Jishnu Mukerji,Joaquin Miller.MDA Guide Vl.0.1.http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?omg/03-06-01
[17]James Rumbaugh,Ivar Jacobson,Grady Booth.The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual Second Edition[M].Addison Wesley.July 19,2004
[18]刘昀,宁德军.如何使用IBM Rational Software Architect实现模型驱动的软件开发[Z/OL]http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/rational/r-rsa-mdd/.
[19]OGRE 3D中文网[Z/OL]http://www.ogre3d.cn/
[20]伽玛等著,李英军等译.设计模式:可复用面向对象软件的基础.[M]北京:机械工业出版社。2005.6
[21]周东岱,叶育鑫,胡光道,蔡海军.基于模型驱动架构的GIS应用开发研究[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,04
[22]OMG Model Driven Architecture(MDA),Draf,2001.7,http://www.omg.org
[23]Frankel,S.David.Applying MDA to Enterprise Computing[M].Wiley.2003.
[24]David S.Frankel著,鲍志云译,应用MDA.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.10
[25]Chris Raistrick,Paul Francis,John Wright,Model Driven Architecture with Executable UML[M].Cambridge University Press,2004.5
[26]黄乐,一个基于MDA的银行自助终端系统的研究与实现[D]东南大学,2006.10
[27]吴春水,唐胜群.MDA中从PIM到PSM的模型转换[J].计算机工程,2004.03
[28]梅宏,吕建.软件体系结构专刊前言[J].软件学报,2006,06.
[29]王学斌,吴泉源,史殿习.模型驱动架构中的模型转换方法[J].计算机工程与科学,2006,11
[30]陈亚丽.基于MDA的软件开发方法研究与应用[D]西南石油大学,2006.
[31]董建武.模型驱动体系结构的剖析及应用[D]浙江大学,2002.
[32]孙萌.基于MDA的有害藻华监测及数据传输系统的设计与实现[D]山东大学,2006.
[33]吴海生.元建模在模型驱动架构中的应用研究[D].华东师范大学,2005