一种基于XML的分布式数据交换中间件(XDDX)研究
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摘要
随着Internet的迅猛发展,电子商务作为信息时代的商务模式正以超过人们预料的速度向前发展,而企业间电子商务(B2B)的广泛应用也促使电子商务向企业间供应链整合的模式发展。在新的模式下,若干商务实体共同构成一条完整的供应链,代表每个商务实体的企业信息系统或电子商务系统成为供应链上的某个节点,各个系统之间构成对等的协作关系,能够交互商务数据。
    要实现这种多个异构系统之间的信息交互,只靠传统的系统软件或Web工具软件提供的功能已经不能满足要求。目前, 分布式对象技术已经具有异构系统间对象互操作能力,但是实现代价高,要求必须具有CORBA、DCOM等平台环境。互操作的核心是数据互操作,现有数据互操作是通过ODBC或专门的数据网关,需要进行一对一开发,开发工作量大或实现成本高。XML语言通过良好的数据描述能力,能够支持不同系统间数据的传递。然而,由于系统的多样性,不同系统所交互的数据尽管存在很大的相关性,但也存在不少差异。如何通过一种使用XML整合不同应用系统数据并提供数据方便交互能力的中间系统以较小代价实现在已有平台上的数据交换,是实现电子商务中的协同工作所必须解决的问题。
    本论文对这个问题进行了探索,在分析中间件和XML等技术特点的基础上,提出了一种基于XML的针对分布式应用环境的数据交换中间件,使进行电子商务活动的企业之间能通过本中间件以较小代价实现系统交互。
    论文期间主要做了以下工作:
    1) 提出一种异构应用系统间的数据交换模型
    论文定义了一种在异构应用系统间进行数据交换的模型,核心是中间数据表示。中间数据表示具有最小原子性和最大包容性,它保证从源端系统来的信息的一致性。一个应用数据元素由一个或多个中间数据元素变换而成,但一个中间数据元素只能变换成一个应用数据元素,并且这种转换是可逆的,也就是说,中间数据元素(原子数据)具有可重组性。
    2) 提出异构系统间进行数据交换的转换规则
    论文基于上面的模型提出应用数据与原子数据的双向转换规则,从源数据中提取信息并经过适当转换获得原子数据,再由原子数据进行一定的运算或函数转换重构成目标数据。转换规则包含:基于人工智能知识表示的本体实现,使用一阶谓词逻辑规则表示XML中的基本语义约束,利用图论中的树图表示源数据、中间数据和目标数据并说明三者之间树型相容匹配的关系,进而深度优先搜索树图实现遍历和转换。
    3) 针对应用扩充XSLT
    
    
    论文对XSLT的扩展是XML可扩展性的一个体现,包括对数学表达式运算和数据统计计算的扩展。扩展了一个或多个数据项构成的数学表达式运算功能,使数据转换过程中能进行必要的算术运算,实现正确的数据转换目标。另一方面的扩展体现在对一些数据统计运算功能的支持,包括求和、求平均数、计数、最大值和最小值等。
    4) 设计基于XML的分布式数据交换中间件(XDDX)
    论文针对基于XML的分布式数据交换这个核心问题进行了较深的研究。其中包括XDDX系统设计,功能定义,处理逻辑流程设计以及XDDX模拟实验。对分布式异构系统数据交换这个核心问题进行了有益的探索。该中间件的特点是具有通用性,既降低了数据交换成本,又不受具体应用开发平台的限制,具有广泛的适应性。
    总之,论文从中间件的基础技术开始进行研究和分析,再对异构应用系统间的数据交换模型和转换规则进行探索,通过对XDDX的设计,提出一种具有广泛性的基于XML的分布式数据交换中间件并完成模拟实验,最后指出今后有待进一步完成的工作。
With the rapid development of Internet, E-Commerce, the business pattern of Information Era, has grown dramatically, especially does the B2B pattern. In B2B, some enterprises make up a supply chain, in which these nodes could exchange data peer to peer.
    Those traditional software or Web tools cannot fulfill the task of data-exchange any longer. At present, although some technology, such as distributing object technology and ODBC, could fulfill the mutual operation of data, they do not satisfy application demands due to the high cost or stubborn demands of environment. Considering the diversity of systems and data structures, also taking the cost into account, this paper studied the characteristics of middleware and XML, then provided a solution of an XML-based Distributed Data-eXchange middleware (XDDX).
    The main work and conclusion as follows:
    5) Data-eXchange Model was put forward——The kernel content of Data-eXchange Model was eXchange Data Format (XDF) composed by metadata.
    6) Transforming Rules based on ontology were defined——This bidirectional transforming rules based on ontology were derived from Artificial Intelligence and Graph Theory.
    7) Mathematic Functions of XSLT were extended——This extension of XSLT embodied the extensibility of XML. Both operator functions and statistics functions were extended.
    8) XDDX was framed——The issue of XML-based Distributed Data-eXchange was explored, from XDDX system design, function definition, processing flow design and XDDX simulation.
    To conclude, fundamental technology of Middleware and XML were studied, Data-eXchange Model was put forward, Transforming Rules based on ontology were defined, Mathematic Functions of XSLT was extended, XDDX was framed and simulated, and finally the conclusion and prospect were gave out.
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