光纤光栅动态解调系统及其应用的研究
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摘要
光纤布拉格光栅(FBG,Fiber Bragg Grating)传感器自发明以来,已走过了原理性的研究和实验论证的阶段,已经进入了广泛的应用阶段。目前,FBG制作工艺已经比较成熟,研究的重点也转向在降低成本的基础上,完善解调技术和复用技术等几个方向上。
FBG的解调技术是FBG传感器的关键技术之一,目前对FBG解调技术的研究是国内外研究的热点,但是大多数处于实验室的研究阶段,产品化、实用化的距离还很长。本文主要就基于长周期光栅的FBG高速解调系统展开研究讨论,从以下几个方面展开:
首先简要介绍了一些光纤光栅的基本情况,包括制作工艺、研究现状等。简要的阐述了用长周期光栅来解调FBG的设计方案和优点;并对光纤Bragg光栅基本理论进行了系统的研究,主要包括:FBG的传感机理分析,耦合机理分析。
其次介绍了国内外常用的解调方法,并进行比较分析优缺点;重点阐述了基于长周期光栅的FBG高速解调系统的解调原理及方案的设计实现,详细的叙述了系统的光路部分、光电转换和信号调理部分,实现了信号的预处理,为数据采集卡采集数据提供了较好的信号源;介绍FBG解调系统的数据采集部分的软件的具体实现。利用VC++的集成技术实现数据采集和保存。以及使用LabVIEW软件实现数据的采集和界面的设计,可以更直观的观察实验的效果。
最后讨论了此系统在温度实验和冲击实验上的应用,通过大量的实验和数据分析,论证了系统的可行性和稳定性,基本能达到预期的效果。
Since its invention, FBG sensor has completed theoretic research and experiment demonstration, and becoming more widely used in many fields. Now the manufacture technology of FBG is reliable. So research field has focused to improving demodulation and multiplexing technology based on the reducing cost.
The demodulation method of FBG is a critical and difficult problem in nowadays FBG sensor fields. The demodulation methods of FBG is the focus research and investigations in domestic and abroad, most of the researches are still in the phase of lab experiments and have a long way to go to the practical industrial mass productions. In the thesis, the demodulating techniques with Long period grating is discussed. The discussion as following:
Firstly, the circs of the fiber grating is introduced simple, including manufacture technology, actuality researches etc. The demodulating techniques and the project for FBG with LPG are expounded and the basic theory of the fiber Bragg grating is introduced in this chapter, including the elements of coupling and sensor.
Secondly, the demodulating techniques in domestic and abroad are introduced and comparing their characteristic.The demodulating techniques and the project for FBG with LPG are expounded. The each part of system is introduced detailed, including the circuit of PIN and signal disposal etc. These prepare the good signal for the NI 6024E. The software system aiming for data collecting is designed and realized with VC++ and LabVIEW. The effect of experiments can be observed clearly.
Finally, the demodulating system is applied at the experiments of temperature and concussion. According to lots of experiments and data analyzing, the dependability and stability are proved.
FBG的解调技术是FBG传感器的关键技术之一,目前对FBG解调技术的研究是国内外研究的热点,但是大多数处于实验室的研究阶段,产品化、实用化的距离还很长。本文主要就基于长周期光栅的FBG高速解调系统展开研究讨论,从以下几个方面展开:
首先简要介绍了一些光纤光栅的基本情况,包括制作工艺、研究现状等。简要的阐述了用长周期光栅来解调FBG的设计方案和优点;并对光纤Bragg光栅基本理论进行了系统的研究,主要包括:FBG的传感机理分析,耦合机理分析。
其次介绍了国内外常用的解调方法,并进行比较分析优缺点;重点阐述了基于长周期光栅的FBG高速解调系统的解调原理及方案的设计实现,详细的叙述了系统的光路部分、光电转换和信号调理部分,实现了信号的预处理,为数据采集卡采集数据提供了较好的信号源;介绍FBG解调系统的数据采集部分的软件的具体实现。利用VC++的集成技术实现数据采集和保存。以及使用LabVIEW软件实现数据的采集和界面的设计,可以更直观的观察实验的效果。
最后讨论了此系统在温度实验和冲击实验上的应用,通过大量的实验和数据分析,论证了系统的可行性和稳定性,基本能达到预期的效果。
Since its invention, FBG sensor has completed theoretic research and experiment demonstration, and becoming more widely used in many fields. Now the manufacture technology of FBG is reliable. So research field has focused to improving demodulation and multiplexing technology based on the reducing cost.
The demodulation method of FBG is a critical and difficult problem in nowadays FBG sensor fields. The demodulation methods of FBG is the focus research and investigations in domestic and abroad, most of the researches are still in the phase of lab experiments and have a long way to go to the practical industrial mass productions. In the thesis, the demodulating techniques with Long period grating is discussed. The discussion as following:
Firstly, the circs of the fiber grating is introduced simple, including manufacture technology, actuality researches etc. The demodulating techniques and the project for FBG with LPG are expounded and the basic theory of the fiber Bragg grating is introduced in this chapter, including the elements of coupling and sensor.
Secondly, the demodulating techniques in domestic and abroad are introduced and comparing their characteristic.The demodulating techniques and the project for FBG with LPG are expounded. The each part of system is introduced detailed, including the circuit of PIN and signal disposal etc. These prepare the good signal for the NI 6024E. The software system aiming for data collecting is designed and realized with VC++ and LabVIEW. The effect of experiments can be observed clearly.
Finally, the demodulating system is applied at the experiments of temperature and concussion. According to lots of experiments and data analyzing, the dependability and stability are proved.
引文
[1]熊浩宇,基于ARM的高速光纤光栅解调系统的研究[硕士学位论文],武汉,武汉理工大学,2005。
[2]罗铁亮,基于DSP系统的光纤光栅解调器的研究[硕士学位论文],武汉,武汉理工大学,2005。
[3] K.O.Hill, D.C.Johnson, Y.Fujii, and B.S.Kawasaki, Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filter fabrication,Appl.Phys.Lett., 1978,Vol.32,p:647-649.
[4] G.Meltz,W.W.Morey,and W.H.Glenn, Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fiber by a transverse holographic method, Opt.Lett,1989,Vol.14,p:823-825.
[5] C.R.Giles,T.Erdogan, and V.Mizrahi , Reflection-induced changes in the optical spectra of 98 0 nm QW lasers,IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,1994, p:903-90.
[6] B.F.Ventrudo,G.A.Rogers,G.S.Lick,D.Hargreaves,andT.N.Demayo, Wavelength and intensity stabilization of 980 nm diode lasers coupled to fiber Bragg gratings, Electron .Lett., I994,Vol.30,no.25,p:2147-2149.
[7] A.Hamakawa,T.Kato,GSasaki,and M.Higehara, Wavelength stabilization of 1.48μm pump laser by fiber grating,in Proc.ECOC’96,Oslo,Norway,I996,paper MoC .3 .6.
[8]J.L.Zyskind,J.WSulhofP.D.Magill,K.C.Richman,VMizrahi,and D.J.Digiovanni, Transmission at 2.5G bit/s over 654km using an erbiumdoped fiber grating laser source,Electron.Lett., 1993,Vol.29,no.12,p:1105.
[9]J.T.Kringlebotn,P.R.Morkel,L.Reekie,J.L.Archambault,and D.N.Payne, Efficient diode pumped single frequency erbium: ytterbium fiber laser, IEEE Photon.Technol., Let., 1993, Vol.5, p:1162.
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[13] F. Ouellete, Dispersion cancellation using linearly chirped Bragg gratings filters in optical waveguides,O pt.Let.,1987,Vo1.12,no.IO,pp.847-849.
[14] S.Barcelos,M.N.Zervas,and R.I.Laming, Characteristics of chirped fiber gratings for dispersion compensation, Optic.Fiber Technol.,1996,p:213-215.
[15] D .Atkinson,W.H.Loh,J.J.O'Reilly,andR .I.Laming, Numerical study of 10-cm chirped-fiber grating pairs for dispersion compensation at 10G bit/s over 600k m of non dispersion shifted fiber, IEEE Photon.Technol.Let.,1996,Vo1.8,p:1085-1087.
[16]WH.Loh,R.I.Laming,A.D.Ellis,and D.Atkinson, Dispersion compensated 10Gb it/s transmission over 700 km of standard single mode fiber with 10cm chirped fiber grating and duobinary transmitter, in Proc.OAA’96,1996,paper PD 30-2..
[17]C.R.Giles,R.D.Feldman,T.H.Wood,M.Z.Imgbl,GRaybon,T.S.Trasser,L.Stulz,A.McCormick,C.H.Joyber,and C.R.Doerr, Access PON using downstream 1550-nmWDM routing and 1300-nm SCMA combining through a fiber-grating router, IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett., 1996,Vo1.8, p:1549-1551.
[18]V.Mirzrahi,T.Erdogan,D.J.DiGiovanni,P.J.Lemaire,WM.MacDonald,S.GKosinski,S.Cabot, and J.E.Sipe, Four channel fiber grating demultiplexer, Electron .Lett., 1994,Vo1.30, no.l0,p:780-781.
[19] C .R.Giles,andV Mirzrahi, Low-loss add/drop multiplexers for WDM lightwave networks,in proc.IOCC’95,HongKong,I995,paper ThC2-1.
[20]G.E.Kohnke,C.H.Henry,E.J.Laskowski,M.A.Cappuzzo,T.A.Strasser,and A.E.White, Silica based Mach-Zehnder add-fabricated with UV-induced gratings,Electron.Lett., 1996,Vo1.32, p:1579-1580.
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[23]廖延彪,物理光学。北京:电子工业出版社,1986年9月。
[24]Kersey A.D.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Gratings Strain-sensor System with a Fiber Fabry-perot Wave length Filter. Optics Letters 1993.18(16):1370.
[25]李卫。干涉法光纤光栅传感器解调技术的研究[硕士学位论文],秦皇岛,燕山大学,2004。
[26]芦吉云,光纤智能夹层自诊断系统研究[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2005。
[27]蒋英,庞翠珠等,光纤光栅布喇格波长随温度和应力的变化特征及其补偿。光通信技术,1999,3:213-216。
[28]马丽等。光纤光栅的解调方法探究。科技资讯,2006,30:38-39。
[29]王俊杰,梁宇飞,蒋德生等。光纤光栅静态和动态波长同时解调技术的研究。光电子·激光,2005,6:698-701。
[30]王俊杰,梁宇飞。基于光纤光栅的边缘滤波动态解调技术。传感器与仪器仪表,2006,22:201-203。
[31]王海平,陈荣,林斌等。双光纤Bragg光栅波长探测与解调技术。传感器技术,2003,22(3):4-7。
[32]何万讯,施文康,何朔等,长周期光纤光栅:原理、制备与应用。光学技术,2001,27(5):396-400。
[33]夏宇红。一个滤波器设计的好帮手—FilterLab。单片机与应用,38-39。
[34]殷蔚,陈波。Multisim软件在模拟电路中的仿真应用。岳阳职业技术学院学报,2007,5:86-90。
[35]刘同娟,马向国。Multisim在电力电子电路仿真中的应用。电力电子,2006,1:29-31。
[36]冼凯仪。Multisim2001仿真软件在电子技术电路设计中的应用。仪器仪表与分析监测。2007,1:18-20。
[37]刘卫东,刘延冰,刘建国。检测微弱光信号的PIN光电检测电路的设计。电测与仪表。1999,4:27-31。
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[2]罗铁亮,基于DSP系统的光纤光栅解调器的研究[硕士学位论文],武汉,武汉理工大学,2005。
[3] K.O.Hill, D.C.Johnson, Y.Fujii, and B.S.Kawasaki, Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides:Application to reflection filter fabrication,Appl.Phys.Lett., 1978,Vol.32,p:647-649.
[4] G.Meltz,W.W.Morey,and W.H.Glenn, Formation of Bragg gratings in optical fiber by a transverse holographic method, Opt.Lett,1989,Vol.14,p:823-825.
[5] C.R.Giles,T.Erdogan, and V.Mizrahi , Reflection-induced changes in the optical spectra of 98 0 nm QW lasers,IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,1994, p:903-90.
[6] B.F.Ventrudo,G.A.Rogers,G.S.Lick,D.Hargreaves,andT.N.Demayo, Wavelength and intensity stabilization of 980 nm diode lasers coupled to fiber Bragg gratings, Electron .Lett., I994,Vol.30,no.25,p:2147-2149.
[7] A.Hamakawa,T.Kato,GSasaki,and M.Higehara, Wavelength stabilization of 1.48μm pump laser by fiber grating,in Proc.ECOC’96,Oslo,Norway,I996,paper MoC .3 .6.
[8]J.L.Zyskind,J.WSulhofP.D.Magill,K.C.Richman,VMizrahi,and D.J.Digiovanni, Transmission at 2.5G bit/s over 654km using an erbiumdoped fiber grating laser source,Electron.Lett., 1993,Vol.29,no.12,p:1105.
[9]J.T.Kringlebotn,P.R.Morkel,L.Reekie,J.L.Archambault,and D.N.Payne, Efficient diode pumped single frequency erbium: ytterbium fiber laser, IEEE Photon.Technol., Let., 1993, Vol.5, p:1162.
[10] A.A.M.Saleh,R.M.Jopson,J.D.Evankow,and J.Aspell, Modeling of gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers ,IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett.,Oct.1990.
[11]P.B.Hansen,L.Eskildsen,S.G.Grubb,A.M.Vengsarkar,S.K.Korotky,T.A.Strasser,J.E.J.Alphonsus,J.J.Veslka,D.J.DiGiovanni,P.WPeckham,E.C.Beck,D.Truxal,W.YCheung,S.GKosinski,D.Gaspar,P.F.Wysocki,VL.da.Silva,and J.R.Simpon, 2.488-Gb/s unrepeatered transmission over 529 km using remotely pumped post-and pre-amplifiers, forward error correction and dispersion compensation, in Proc. OFC’95,SanD iego,CA,1995,postdeadline paper PD-25.
[12] P.B.Hansen, L.Eskildsen,et al., Unrepeatered WDM transmission experiment with 8 channels of 10 Gb/s over 352 km, IEEE Photon.Technol.Let.,1996,Vol.8,p:1082-1084.
[13] F. Ouellete, Dispersion cancellation using linearly chirped Bragg gratings filters in optical waveguides,O pt.Let.,1987,Vo1.12,no.IO,pp.847-849.
[14] S.Barcelos,M.N.Zervas,and R.I.Laming, Characteristics of chirped fiber gratings for dispersion compensation, Optic.Fiber Technol.,1996,p:213-215.
[15] D .Atkinson,W.H.Loh,J.J.O'Reilly,andR .I.Laming, Numerical study of 10-cm chirped-fiber grating pairs for dispersion compensation at 10G bit/s over 600k m of non dispersion shifted fiber, IEEE Photon.Technol.Let.,1996,Vo1.8,p:1085-1087.
[16]WH.Loh,R.I.Laming,A.D.Ellis,and D.Atkinson, Dispersion compensated 10Gb it/s transmission over 700 km of standard single mode fiber with 10cm chirped fiber grating and duobinary transmitter, in Proc.OAA’96,1996,paper PD 30-2..
[17]C.R.Giles,R.D.Feldman,T.H.Wood,M.Z.Imgbl,GRaybon,T.S.Trasser,L.Stulz,A.McCormick,C.H.Joyber,and C.R.Doerr, Access PON using downstream 1550-nmWDM routing and 1300-nm SCMA combining through a fiber-grating router, IEEE Photon.Technol.Lett., 1996,Vo1.8, p:1549-1551.
[18]V.Mirzrahi,T.Erdogan,D.J.DiGiovanni,P.J.Lemaire,WM.MacDonald,S.GKosinski,S.Cabot, and J.E.Sipe, Four channel fiber grating demultiplexer, Electron .Lett., 1994,Vo1.30, no.l0,p:780-781.
[19] C .R.Giles,andV Mirzrahi, Low-loss add/drop multiplexers for WDM lightwave networks,in proc.IOCC’95,HongKong,I995,paper ThC2-1.
[20]G.E.Kohnke,C.H.Henry,E.J.Laskowski,M.A.Cappuzzo,T.A.Strasser,and A.E.White, Silica based Mach-Zehnder add-fabricated with UV-induced gratings,Electron.Lett., 1996,Vo1.32, p:1579-1580.
[21]孙晓娜,冯锡钰。光纤布喇格的制作技术。半导体光电,1999,6:165-167。
[22]黄建辉,赵洋。光纤布拉格光栅传感器实现应力测量的最新进展。光电子·激光,2001,11(2):217-220。
[23]廖延彪,物理光学。北京:电子工业出版社,1986年9月。
[24]Kersey A.D.Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Gratings Strain-sensor System with a Fiber Fabry-perot Wave length Filter. Optics Letters 1993.18(16):1370.
[25]李卫。干涉法光纤光栅传感器解调技术的研究[硕士学位论文],秦皇岛,燕山大学,2004。
[26]芦吉云,光纤智能夹层自诊断系统研究[硕士学位论文],南京,南京航空航天大学,2005。
[27]蒋英,庞翠珠等,光纤光栅布喇格波长随温度和应力的变化特征及其补偿。光通信技术,1999,3:213-216。
[28]马丽等。光纤光栅的解调方法探究。科技资讯,2006,30:38-39。
[29]王俊杰,梁宇飞,蒋德生等。光纤光栅静态和动态波长同时解调技术的研究。光电子·激光,2005,6:698-701。
[30]王俊杰,梁宇飞。基于光纤光栅的边缘滤波动态解调技术。传感器与仪器仪表,2006,22:201-203。
[31]王海平,陈荣,林斌等。双光纤Bragg光栅波长探测与解调技术。传感器技术,2003,22(3):4-7。
[32]何万讯,施文康,何朔等,长周期光纤光栅:原理、制备与应用。光学技术,2001,27(5):396-400。
[33]夏宇红。一个滤波器设计的好帮手—FilterLab。单片机与应用,38-39。
[34]殷蔚,陈波。Multisim软件在模拟电路中的仿真应用。岳阳职业技术学院学报,2007,5:86-90。
[35]刘同娟,马向国。Multisim在电力电子电路仿真中的应用。电力电子,2006,1:29-31。
[36]冼凯仪。Multisim2001仿真软件在电子技术电路设计中的应用。仪器仪表与分析监测。2007,1:18-20。
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