顶板辐射—自然通风空调在住宅建筑中应用的可行性和节能性研究
|
摘要
目前,全世界建筑能耗占能源消耗的近30%,建筑节能已成为节能的主要途径之一。对西安办公建筑和大型公共建筑能耗状况的调查显示,视建筑的结构和使用不同,采暖、空调能耗占建筑总能耗的25%～85%。可见:优化采暖空调系统设计对降低建筑能耗意义重大。
辐射空调节能、舒适,但其可行性与节能性与建筑类别、气候条件等密切相关。本文针对西安某高层公寓建筑,首先利用建筑能耗分析软件EnergyPlus,结合当地的中国典型气象年参数(CTYW)对变风量、风机盘管以及顶板辐射空调系统加自然通风三种空调方案下的全年运行能耗进行了模拟,结果显示,顶板辐射空调结合自然通风在西安的住宅建筑中应用节能效果显著。
接着,对西北地区其他四座城市的住宅建筑采用该空调方式也进行了全年运行能耗模拟,表明:顶板辐射空调加自然通风适合在西北气候条件下应用,并可达到19.2%～39.6%节能的效果,是住宅建筑空调系统设计的优选方案之一。
最后,模拟分析了不同厚度的外墙保温对顶板辐射空调系统加自然通风建筑节能性的影响。指出采用30～50mm厚膨胀聚苯板作为外围护结构的保温层时,空调节能率可达77.1%～85.4%,建筑节能率为54.2%～67.1%。随保温层厚度的增加,所节约能耗的增长率会下降,其中节约的供冷能耗甚至会出现负增长。保温厚度应根据当地气候以及资源价格合理选取。
Currently,the building energy consumption amounts to nearly 30%of the total energy consumption in the world.Building energy conservation has become one of the means to save energy.Energy consumption surveys on office buildings and some public buildings in Xi'an show that heating and air conditioning systems consume about 25%～85%of the total energy used in various buildings.This reveals that optimizing air conditioning system design may help to reduce energy consumptions.
Radiation air-conditioning is an energy-saving system which can produce more comfortable environment.However whether the design is feasible and energy-saving is determined by the building pattern and local climate,etc.Energy simulation program EnergyPlus was adopted to study energy consuming condition of a high-rise residential building in Xi'an,Chinese Typical Year Weather(CTYW) data was applied.Annual energy consumption were analyzed and compared when the building is installed with variable air volume(VAV) air-conditioning systems,fan coil system or radiant ceiling panel system with natural ventilation.It indicates that the latter one can obtain significant energy saving effect.
The system is simulated in EnegryPlus for other 4 representative cities in northwest China.The results indicate that radiant ceiling panel system with natural ventilation is feasible for being used in residential building in northwest China and 19.2%～39.6%energy saving rate can be achieved.Therefore,it is a good choice of air-conditioning design for residential buildings in these area.
Finally,the influence of exterior wall insulation on building energy conservation with radiant ceiling panel system and natural ventilation were analyzed.The results indicate that the air-conditioning system can save energy by 77.1%～85.4%,the building energy consumption is lowed by 54.2%～67.1%,when 30～50mm thick insulation layer is applied on exterior walls.The increase in insulation layer thickness will make the increase in the energy saving rate slow down,and even cause the energy saving rate to drop.The optimal insulation layer thickness should be determined according to local climate conditions and energy price,
辐射空调节能、舒适,但其可行性与节能性与建筑类别、气候条件等密切相关。本文针对西安某高层公寓建筑,首先利用建筑能耗分析软件EnergyPlus,结合当地的中国典型气象年参数(CTYW)对变风量、风机盘管以及顶板辐射空调系统加自然通风三种空调方案下的全年运行能耗进行了模拟,结果显示,顶板辐射空调结合自然通风在西安的住宅建筑中应用节能效果显著。
接着,对西北地区其他四座城市的住宅建筑采用该空调方式也进行了全年运行能耗模拟,表明:顶板辐射空调加自然通风适合在西北气候条件下应用,并可达到19.2%～39.6%节能的效果,是住宅建筑空调系统设计的优选方案之一。
最后,模拟分析了不同厚度的外墙保温对顶板辐射空调系统加自然通风建筑节能性的影响。指出采用30～50mm厚膨胀聚苯板作为外围护结构的保温层时,空调节能率可达77.1%～85.4%,建筑节能率为54.2%～67.1%。随保温层厚度的增加,所节约能耗的增长率会下降,其中节约的供冷能耗甚至会出现负增长。保温厚度应根据当地气候以及资源价格合理选取。
Currently,the building energy consumption amounts to nearly 30%of the total energy consumption in the world.Building energy conservation has become one of the means to save energy.Energy consumption surveys on office buildings and some public buildings in Xi'an show that heating and air conditioning systems consume about 25%～85%of the total energy used in various buildings.This reveals that optimizing air conditioning system design may help to reduce energy consumptions.
Radiation air-conditioning is an energy-saving system which can produce more comfortable environment.However whether the design is feasible and energy-saving is determined by the building pattern and local climate,etc.Energy simulation program EnergyPlus was adopted to study energy consuming condition of a high-rise residential building in Xi'an,Chinese Typical Year Weather(CTYW) data was applied.Annual energy consumption were analyzed and compared when the building is installed with variable air volume(VAV) air-conditioning systems,fan coil system or radiant ceiling panel system with natural ventilation.It indicates that the latter one can obtain significant energy saving effect.
The system is simulated in EnegryPlus for other 4 representative cities in northwest China.The results indicate that radiant ceiling panel system with natural ventilation is feasible for being used in residential building in northwest China and 19.2%～39.6%energy saving rate can be achieved.Therefore,it is a good choice of air-conditioning design for residential buildings in these area.
Finally,the influence of exterior wall insulation on building energy conservation with radiant ceiling panel system and natural ventilation were analyzed.The results indicate that the air-conditioning system can save energy by 77.1%～85.4%,the building energy consumption is lowed by 54.2%～67.1%,when 30～50mm thick insulation layer is applied on exterior walls.The increase in insulation layer thickness will make the increase in the energy saving rate slow down,and even cause the energy saving rate to drop.The optimal insulation layer thickness should be determined according to local climate conditions and energy price,
引文
[1]龙惟定.国内建筑合理用能的现状及展望.能源工程,2001,(02)1-6
[2]孙敬水.绿色住宅-21 世纪我国住宅建设新理念[J].经济师,2002,10:50-51
[3]王子介.低温辐射供暖与辐射供冷.机械工业出版社,2004,06
[4]Jae-Weon Jeong.Energy conservation benefits of a dedicated outdoor air system with parallel sensible cooling by ceiling radiant panels[A].ASHRAE Transactions[C].2003:627-637
[5]Rt W Roth,Etlef Westphalen,Ohn Dieckman,Ephir D Hamilton,Illiam Goetzler.Energy consumption characteristics building HVAC systems.volume Ⅲ:energy savings potential[M].2002
[6]马玉奇,刘学来,李永安等.冷却顶板空调系统热工参数分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(5):425-429
[7]马玉奇,刘学来,李永安,等.冷却顶板结露问题分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(6):537-54
[8]Chanvit Chantrasrisalai,Vinay Ghatti,D E Fisher,D G Scheatzle.Experimental Validation of the EnergyPlus Low-Temperature Radiant Simulation.ASHRAE Transactions.2003
[9]FeustelH E.Radiant cooling-a literature survey[J/OL],http://www.buildfind.com.2003,12-23
[10]Ardehali M M,Panah N G,Smith T F.Poof of concept modeling of energy transferm echanisms for radiant conditioning panels[J].Energy Conversion and Manfgement,2004,45(9),2005-2017
[11]L.B.Kilkis,etc.A simplified model for radiant heating and cooling panels.Simulation Practice and Theory,1994,2:61-76
[12]Richard K.strand,K.T.Baumgartner.Modeling radiant heating and cooling systems:Integration with a Whole-building Simulation Program.Energy and Building,2005,37:389-397
[13]Niu J,vd Kooi J,Ree H.Energy saving possibilities with cooled-ceiling systems[J].Energy and Buildings,1995,23(1):147-15
[14]Shuzo Murakami,Shinsuke KatoIndoor.Climate design based on CFD coupled simulation of convection,Radiation,and HVAC control for attaining a given PMV value.Building and Environment,2001,36:701-709
[15]Taeyeon Kim,Shinsuke Kato,etc.Indoor cooling/heating load analysis based on coupled simulation of convection,Radiation,and HVAC control.Building and Environment,2001,36:901-908
[16]Corina Stetiu.Energy and peak power savings potential of radiant cooling system in US cormmercial buildings.Energy and Buildings,1999,30:127-138
[17]闫全英,齐正新,王威.天棚辐射供冷系统换热过程的研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2004,23(6):13-19
[18]闫全英,齐正新,王威.无保温楼板辐射供冷系统热过程的研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2005,24(1):1-6
[19]狄洪发,王威,江亿等.辐射吊顶的实验研究[J].暖通空调,2000,30(4):5-8
[20]马景骏,孙丽颖.冷却顶板系统的热舒适性分析[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2001,22(5):27-3
[21]赵蕾,袁锋.置换通风与辐射冷顶板复合空调系统的室内热环境研究.西安建筑科技大学学报,2007,39(4):558-4
[22]杨芳.金属辐射冷却顶板的研究及其应用[D].长沙:湖南大学土木工程学院,2005
[23]殷平,沈国励,王桦.超疏水表面防凝露.暖通空调,2006,36(4):50-56
[24]Zhang L Z,Niu J L.Indoorhumidity behaviors associatedwith decoupled cooling in hot and humid climates[J].Building and Environment,2003,38(1):99-10
[25]Zhong L Z,Niu J L.A pre-cooling munters environmental control desiccant cooling cycle in combination with chilled-ceiling panels[J].Energy,2003,28(2):275-29
[26]殷平,杨芳,刘敏.新型辐射板的研制[A].2004全国暖通年会论文集[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,224
[27]Chanvit Chantrasrisalai,Vinay Ghatti,D E Fisher,D G Scheatzle.Experimental Validation of the EnergyPlus Low-Temperature Radiant Simulation.ASHRAE Transactions.2003:614-624
[28]金招芬,朱颖心,亢燕铭.建筑环境学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[29]赵荣义,钱以明等.简明空调设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社,1998,12
[30]EnergyPlus User Manual.Version 1.3.2006;
[31]潘毅群,吴刚,VolkerHankopf建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus及其应用.暖通空调,2004,34(9):2-7;
[32]Crawley D B,Lawrie L K,etal.EnergyPlus:creating a new generation building energy simulation Program.Energy and Buildings,2001,33(4):319-331
[33]http://www.Designbuilder.co.uk/
[34]Getting Started with EnergyPlus,EnergyPlus documentation library,2008,32-2
[35]http://appsl.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/cfm/weather_data.cfm
[36]扬善勤.民用建筑节能设计手册.北京建筑工业出版社,1997
[37]Conroy C L,Mumma S A.Ceiling radiant cooling panels as a viable distributed parallel sensible cooling technology integrated with dedicated outdoor air systems[J].ASHRAE Tranction,2001,107(1):571-57
[37]郎四维、林海燕、涂逢祥等.公共建筑节能设计标准.中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[2]孙敬水.绿色住宅-21 世纪我国住宅建设新理念[J].经济师,2002,10:50-51
[3]王子介.低温辐射供暖与辐射供冷.机械工业出版社,2004,06
[4]Jae-Weon Jeong.Energy conservation benefits of a dedicated outdoor air system with parallel sensible cooling by ceiling radiant panels[A].ASHRAE Transactions[C].2003:627-637
[5]Rt W Roth,Etlef Westphalen,Ohn Dieckman,Ephir D Hamilton,Illiam Goetzler.Energy consumption characteristics building HVAC systems.volume Ⅲ:energy savings potential[M].2002
[6]马玉奇,刘学来,李永安等.冷却顶板空调系统热工参数分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(5):425-429
[7]马玉奇,刘学来,李永安,等.冷却顶板结露问题分析[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(6):537-54
[8]Chanvit Chantrasrisalai,Vinay Ghatti,D E Fisher,D G Scheatzle.Experimental Validation of the EnergyPlus Low-Temperature Radiant Simulation.ASHRAE Transactions.2003
[9]FeustelH E.Radiant cooling-a literature survey[J/OL],http://www.buildfind.com.2003,12-23
[10]Ardehali M M,Panah N G,Smith T F.Poof of concept modeling of energy transferm echanisms for radiant conditioning panels[J].Energy Conversion and Manfgement,2004,45(9),2005-2017
[11]L.B.Kilkis,etc.A simplified model for radiant heating and cooling panels.Simulation Practice and Theory,1994,2:61-76
[12]Richard K.strand,K.T.Baumgartner.Modeling radiant heating and cooling systems:Integration with a Whole-building Simulation Program.Energy and Building,2005,37:389-397
[13]Niu J,vd Kooi J,Ree H.Energy saving possibilities with cooled-ceiling systems[J].Energy and Buildings,1995,23(1):147-15
[14]Shuzo Murakami,Shinsuke KatoIndoor.Climate design based on CFD coupled simulation of convection,Radiation,and HVAC control for attaining a given PMV value.Building and Environment,2001,36:701-709
[15]Taeyeon Kim,Shinsuke Kato,etc.Indoor cooling/heating load analysis based on coupled simulation of convection,Radiation,and HVAC control.Building and Environment,2001,36:901-908
[16]Corina Stetiu.Energy and peak power savings potential of radiant cooling system in US cormmercial buildings.Energy and Buildings,1999,30:127-138
[17]闫全英,齐正新,王威.天棚辐射供冷系统换热过程的研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2004,23(6):13-19
[18]闫全英,齐正新,王威.无保温楼板辐射供冷系统热过程的研究[J].建筑热能通风空调,2005,24(1):1-6
[19]狄洪发,王威,江亿等.辐射吊顶的实验研究[J].暖通空调,2000,30(4):5-8
[20]马景骏,孙丽颖.冷却顶板系统的热舒适性分析[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2001,22(5):27-3
[21]赵蕾,袁锋.置换通风与辐射冷顶板复合空调系统的室内热环境研究.西安建筑科技大学学报,2007,39(4):558-4
[22]杨芳.金属辐射冷却顶板的研究及其应用[D].长沙:湖南大学土木工程学院,2005
[23]殷平,沈国励,王桦.超疏水表面防凝露.暖通空调,2006,36(4):50-56
[24]Zhang L Z,Niu J L.Indoorhumidity behaviors associatedwith decoupled cooling in hot and humid climates[J].Building and Environment,2003,38(1):99-10
[25]Zhong L Z,Niu J L.A pre-cooling munters environmental control desiccant cooling cycle in combination with chilled-ceiling panels[J].Energy,2003,28(2):275-29
[26]殷平,杨芳,刘敏.新型辐射板的研制[A].2004全国暖通年会论文集[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004,224
[27]Chanvit Chantrasrisalai,Vinay Ghatti,D E Fisher,D G Scheatzle.Experimental Validation of the EnergyPlus Low-Temperature Radiant Simulation.ASHRAE Transactions.2003:614-624
[28]金招芬,朱颖心,亢燕铭.建筑环境学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[29]赵荣义,钱以明等.简明空调设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社,1998,12
[30]EnergyPlus User Manual.Version 1.3.2006;
[31]潘毅群,吴刚,VolkerHankopf建筑全能耗分析软件EnergyPlus及其应用.暖通空调,2004,34(9):2-7;
[32]Crawley D B,Lawrie L K,etal.EnergyPlus:creating a new generation building energy simulation Program.Energy and Buildings,2001,33(4):319-331
[33]http://www.Designbuilder.co.uk/
[34]Getting Started with EnergyPlus,EnergyPlus documentation library,2008,32-2
[35]http://appsl.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/cfm/weather_data.cfm
[36]扬善勤.民用建筑节能设计手册.北京建筑工业出版社,1997
[37]Conroy C L,Mumma S A.Ceiling radiant cooling panels as a viable distributed parallel sensible cooling technology integrated with dedicated outdoor air systems[J].ASHRAE Tranction,2001,107(1):571-57
[37]郎四维、林海燕、涂逢祥等.公共建筑节能设计标准.中国建筑工业出版社,2005