低氧训练中国家女子中长跑运动员心功能的变化
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摘要
目的:本研究探讨低氧训练(高住高练低训和低住高练)中国家女子中长跑运动员心功能的变化,为科学进行低氧训练提供一些参考。
研究方法:国家女子中长跑队员13人随机分为二组,分别执行高住高练低训(HiHiLo)计划和低住高练(LoHi)计划,训练时间为4周。监测低氧训练前、低氧训练一周、二周、三周、四周心电图的变化,读取心电图∑T/R值;同时取清晨空腹静脉血测定血清肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB。用负荷彩超监测低氧训练前后心功能的变化,并且监测低氧训练前后最大摄氧量、血压和体重的变化。
结果:1. HiHiLo组随低氧训练时间的延长,肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB呈下降趋势,到第4周时显著下降;而LoHi组则无显著变化。与低氧训练前相比,HiHiLo组和LoHi组的心电图∑T/R值的变化无显著差异。2.在HiHiLo组中,低氧训练后的左室重量(LV MASS)、左室重量指数(LVMI)、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd)和左室后壁收缩末期厚度(LVPWs)在安静状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前增加(p<0.05),低氧训练结束后收缩压和舒张压较低氧训练前明显升高(p<0.05),右心室前后径(RVD)低氧训练后较低氧训练前减小(p<0.05)。二尖瓣舒张期充盈时间(DFT)在安静及运动负荷状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前增加(p<0.05)。3.在LoHi组中,低氧训练结束后室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd),左室后壁收缩末期厚度(LVPWs)在安静状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前增加(p<0.05),左心室收缩末期内径(LVDs)在安静状态及运动负荷状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前明显减小(P<0.05),左心室收缩末期容积(ESV)在运动负荷状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前减小,左室短轴缩短率(FS)和射血分数(EF)在运动负荷的状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前增加(P<0.05)。4.低氧训练后HiHiLo组左室重量指数和收缩压的增加较LoHi组的变化具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。在运动负荷状态下,HiHiLo组与LoHi组二尖瓣舒张期充盈时间(DFT)低氧训练后的变化具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
结论:以上结果说明低氧训练对心脏功能无不良影响,低氧居住在某种程度上有利于心脏功能的恢复。低氧训练后二组运动员心力储备增加,获得了良好的心脏适应性。
Objective: The research took the national female middle and long distance elite runners as the subjects. We attempted to investigate the effects of 4-week hypoxic training (HiHiLo and LoHi training) on cardiac function, we hoped to provide a reference for the development of hypoxic training.
Methods: Thirteen national female middle and long distance runners were divided into HiHiLo group and LoHi group randomly. Both groups carried out HiHiLo and LoHi training program respectively. Training time was 4 weeks. CK-MB in blood serum and∑T/R on cardiogram were measured during hypoxic training. Cardiac Functions were monitored with Doppler echocardiography under load before and after Hypoxic Training. VO2max, blood pressure and bodyweight were measured before and after Hypoxic Training.
Result: 1. With the progression of hypoxic training, the value of CK-MB showed a decreasing tendency as compared with that before hypoxic exposure in HiHiLo group, it significantly decreased after 4-week hypoxic training. No significant change was found in LoHi group. Compared with that before hypoxic exposure, no significant change in∑T/R was found in both groups. 2. Diastolic thickness of left interventricular Septum (IVSd), Systolic thickness of posterior wall of left ventricle (LVPWs), Muscle mass of left ventricle (LV MASS), Muscle mass of left ventricle in relation to body mass (LVMI) and blood pressure measured in silence after hypoxic training in HiHiLo group were greater as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05). Enddiastolic diameter of right ventricle (RVD) in HiHiLo group was smaller as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05), Diastolic filling time of mitral valve (DFT) was extended in silence and under load in HiHiLo group as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05). 3. Diastolic thickness of left interventricular Septum (IVSd) and Systolic thickness of posterior wall of left ventricle (LVPWs) of LoHi group in silence after hypoxic training were greater as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05), Endsystolic diameter of left ventricle (LVDs) in LoHi group was smaller in silence and under load as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05), Endsystolic volume of left ventricle (ESV) in LoHi group was smaller under load as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05), shortening fraction (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) in LoHi group increased as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05). 4. Muscle mass of left ventricle in relation to body mass (LVMI) and Systolic blood pressure in HiHiLo group after hypoxic training were greater as compared with that in LoHi group (p<0.05). there was some difference with Diastolic filling time of mitral valve (DFT) under load after hypoxic training in both groups.
Conclusion: The hypoxic training had no negative effect on cardiac function. Whereas living in hypoxic condition facilitated the recovery of cardiac function after training. There was an improvement in cardiac function in HiHiLo group and LoHi group after hypoxic training, the heart gained good adaptability.
研究方法:国家女子中长跑队员13人随机分为二组,分别执行高住高练低训(HiHiLo)计划和低住高练(LoHi)计划,训练时间为4周。监测低氧训练前、低氧训练一周、二周、三周、四周心电图的变化,读取心电图∑T/R值;同时取清晨空腹静脉血测定血清肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB。用负荷彩超监测低氧训练前后心功能的变化,并且监测低氧训练前后最大摄氧量、血压和体重的变化。
结果:1. HiHiLo组随低氧训练时间的延长,肌酸激酶同工酶CK-MB呈下降趋势,到第4周时显著下降;而LoHi组则无显著变化。与低氧训练前相比,HiHiLo组和LoHi组的心电图∑T/R值的变化无显著差异。2.在HiHiLo组中,低氧训练后的左室重量(LV MASS)、左室重量指数(LVMI)、室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd)和左室后壁收缩末期厚度(LVPWs)在安静状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前增加(p<0.05),低氧训练结束后收缩压和舒张压较低氧训练前明显升高(p<0.05),右心室前后径(RVD)低氧训练后较低氧训练前减小(p<0.05)。二尖瓣舒张期充盈时间(DFT)在安静及运动负荷状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前增加(p<0.05)。3.在LoHi组中,低氧训练结束后室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSd),左室后壁收缩末期厚度(LVPWs)在安静状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前增加(p<0.05),左心室收缩末期内径(LVDs)在安静状态及运动负荷状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前明显减小(P<0.05),左心室收缩末期容积(ESV)在运动负荷状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前减小,左室短轴缩短率(FS)和射血分数(EF)在运动负荷的状态下低氧训练后较低氧训练前增加(P<0.05)。4.低氧训练后HiHiLo组左室重量指数和收缩压的增加较LoHi组的变化具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。在运动负荷状态下,HiHiLo组与LoHi组二尖瓣舒张期充盈时间(DFT)低氧训练后的变化具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。
结论:以上结果说明低氧训练对心脏功能无不良影响,低氧居住在某种程度上有利于心脏功能的恢复。低氧训练后二组运动员心力储备增加,获得了良好的心脏适应性。
Objective: The research took the national female middle and long distance elite runners as the subjects. We attempted to investigate the effects of 4-week hypoxic training (HiHiLo and LoHi training) on cardiac function, we hoped to provide a reference for the development of hypoxic training.
Methods: Thirteen national female middle and long distance runners were divided into HiHiLo group and LoHi group randomly. Both groups carried out HiHiLo and LoHi training program respectively. Training time was 4 weeks. CK-MB in blood serum and∑T/R on cardiogram were measured during hypoxic training. Cardiac Functions were monitored with Doppler echocardiography under load before and after Hypoxic Training. VO2max, blood pressure and bodyweight were measured before and after Hypoxic Training.
Result: 1. With the progression of hypoxic training, the value of CK-MB showed a decreasing tendency as compared with that before hypoxic exposure in HiHiLo group, it significantly decreased after 4-week hypoxic training. No significant change was found in LoHi group. Compared with that before hypoxic exposure, no significant change in∑T/R was found in both groups. 2. Diastolic thickness of left interventricular Septum (IVSd), Systolic thickness of posterior wall of left ventricle (LVPWs), Muscle mass of left ventricle (LV MASS), Muscle mass of left ventricle in relation to body mass (LVMI) and blood pressure measured in silence after hypoxic training in HiHiLo group were greater as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05). Enddiastolic diameter of right ventricle (RVD) in HiHiLo group was smaller as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05), Diastolic filling time of mitral valve (DFT) was extended in silence and under load in HiHiLo group as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05). 3. Diastolic thickness of left interventricular Septum (IVSd) and Systolic thickness of posterior wall of left ventricle (LVPWs) of LoHi group in silence after hypoxic training were greater as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05), Endsystolic diameter of left ventricle (LVDs) in LoHi group was smaller in silence and under load as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05), Endsystolic volume of left ventricle (ESV) in LoHi group was smaller under load as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05), shortening fraction (FS) and ejection fraction (EF) in LoHi group increased as compared with that before hypoxic training (p<0.05). 4. Muscle mass of left ventricle in relation to body mass (LVMI) and Systolic blood pressure in HiHiLo group after hypoxic training were greater as compared with that in LoHi group (p<0.05). there was some difference with Diastolic filling time of mitral valve (DFT) under load after hypoxic training in both groups.
Conclusion: The hypoxic training had no negative effect on cardiac function. Whereas living in hypoxic condition facilitated the recovery of cardiac function after training. There was an improvement in cardiac function in HiHiLo group and LoHi group after hypoxic training, the heart gained good adaptability.
引文
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97 Gonzalez, NC, Clancy RL, and Wagner PD. Determinants of maximal oxygen uptake in rats acclimated to simulated altitude. J Appl Physiol ,1993, 75: 1608-1614.
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