优秀游泳运动员冬训期部分免疫及生化指标的监测与评定
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摘要
研究目的:通过监测15名优秀游泳运动员冬训期铁代谢、免疫、内分泌等生化指标的变化状况,探讨冬训对游泳运动员身体机能的影响,为更准确掌握运动员对运动负荷的适应状况、合理安排训练提供一定的理论依据。
研究方法:受试者为浙江省游泳队15名运动员。以运动训练周期前的调整期作为基础值,于调整期、冬训期训练第2周、第3周、第4周、恢复1周后的每周一清晨空腹抽取受试者肘静脉血,运用相应的检测技术分别检测血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TS);红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)等红细胞系参数;白细胞及其分类的数量和百分比;外周血免疫球蛋白、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、NK细胞、NKT细胞的表达;血清睾酮(T)、血清皮质醇(C)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)的浓度。
研究结果:1.冬训期训练过程中男运动员SF变化无显著性差异;女运动员SF恢复1周时与第3周比较出现明显下降。2.与调整期比较,男运动员训练第3周TS显著增加,RDW显著下降,第4周Hb、RBC、Hct显著高于调整期水平;女运动员训练第3周、第4周Hb、RBC、Hct均显著低于调整期和训练第2周水平。3.训练第2周男运动员IgG和女运动员IgM出现显著性升高。4.冬训期训练中男运动员白细胞参数和T淋巴细胞亚群表达与调整期比较均无显著性差异;训练第4周女运动员白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数量、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+的表达与调整期比较显著下降,淋巴细胞百分比显著增加。5.NK细胞、NKT细胞的表达在冬训期训练第2周出现下降,尤其是NKT细胞的下降最为明显,各训练周次中NKT细胞的表达与调整期比较存在非常显著性差异。6.T/C比值呈下降趋势,恢复1周男运动员的T/C比值已基本上升至调整期水平,女运动员的T/C比值仍显著低于调整期水平。7.运动员CK在训练第2周、第4周出现较高值;恢复1周男运动员CK回复至调整期水平,女运动员CK仍处于较高水平。BU均无显著性变化。
研究结论:1.冬训期训练周期结束后,运动员并未出现缺铁性贫血。但有部分运动员处于隐性缺铁状态,女运动员较男运动员更为显著。2.冬训期训练过程中,运动员的体液免疫没有受到明显影响,而细胞免疫产生部分抑制。3.冬训期训练周期结束后,男运动员没有出现明显的过度训练,而女运动员则有过度训练的迹象。4.NK、NKT细胞较其它免疫指标表现出更好的灵敏性,尤其是NKT细胞,它反应快、变化幅度大,是监测游泳运动员身体机能较为敏感的免疫指标。5.恢复期训练过程中,部分免疫及生化指标仍未恢复,建议适当延长恢复训练时间。6.冬训期运动训练的不同阶段,各指标呈现不完全同步的变化趋势。建立多指标、多层次的网络监测系统对运动员的身体机能进行全面的综合评定,能更有效地监控运动员的身体机能状况。
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of winter training on physical function in elite swimmers and found out the adaptability of swimmers to training load, giving suggestions for arrangement of scientific training by assessment of the changes in iron metabolism, immunological variables, endocrine, and other related biochemical parameters in fifteen elite swimmers.
Methods: Fifteen elite swimmers volunteered to participate in this study. Baselin(?) data were collected before winter training. The serum ferritin (SF), transferring saturation(TS), routine blood parameters, IgG, IgA, IgM, CD_4, CD_8, NKcell, NKT cell, serum testosterone (T), serum cortisol (C), creatine kinase (CK), and the blood urea (BU) were measured on each Monday before 1 week winter training, in the second week, the third week, the fourth week and 1 week recovery training of winter training.
Results: 1. SF has no significant difference in male athletes; while through one week recovery training, SF has significant decrease compared with the third week in female athletes.2. Compaired with that of before winter training, for male athletes, in the third week, TS has significant increase and RDW has significant decrease; in the fourth week, Hb, RBC and Hct have significant increase. For female athletes, in the third week and the fourth week, Hb, RBC and Hct have significant decrease. 3. In the second week, IgG in male athletes and IgM in female athletes have significant increase.4. Compaired with that of before winter training, for male athletes, the white blood cell(wbc) parameters and T lymphocyte subsets have no significant difference; for female athletes, in the fourth week, wbc, neut, CD3~+,CD4~+, CD8~+, CD4~+/CD8~+ decreased, and the percentage of lymphocyte increased obviously.5. NK cell and NKT cell decreased in the second week, especially NKT cell, it decreased obviously. 6. T/C decreased, in one week recovery training, T/C has returned to the level of which before winter training in male athletes, while T/C has significant decrease compaired with that of before winter training in female athletes. 7. CK reached to the high numerical value in the second week and the fourth week. In one week recovery training, CK has returned to the level of which before winter training in male athletes, while it has still high numerical value in female athletes. BU has no significant difference during winter training.
Conclusions: 1. Athletes didn't show iron deficiency anemia at the end of winter training, but part of the athletes exhibited iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is more pronounced in female athletes than in male athletes. 2. Winter training couldn't affect humoral immunity function obviously, while it could restrain cellular immunity function.3 .Winter training didn't induce over training obviously in male athletes, while female athletes have evidence of over training. 4. NK and NKT cell were more sensitive than other immune indexes, especially NKT cell, it was sensitive immune index to exercise load, and it could monitor physical function for winter training in elite swimmers better.5. Part immunological and biochemical parameters haven't returned to the level of which before winter training through one week recovery training, so we'd better postpone recovery training properly.6. In different state of winter training, part indexes haven't synchronization changes. If we establish monitoring system of multi-index and multi-level, we can evaluate athletes' physical function synthetically.
研究方法:受试者为浙江省游泳队15名运动员。以运动训练周期前的调整期作为基础值,于调整期、冬训期训练第2周、第3周、第4周、恢复1周后的每周一清晨空腹抽取受试者肘静脉血,运用相应的检测技术分别检测血清铁蛋白(SF)、转铁蛋白饱和度(TS);红细胞(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(Hct)、红细胞分布宽度(RDW)等红细胞系参数;白细胞及其分类的数量和百分比;外周血免疫球蛋白、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、NK细胞、NKT细胞的表达;血清睾酮(T)、血清皮质醇(C)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)的浓度。
研究结果:1.冬训期训练过程中男运动员SF变化无显著性差异;女运动员SF恢复1周时与第3周比较出现明显下降。2.与调整期比较,男运动员训练第3周TS显著增加,RDW显著下降,第4周Hb、RBC、Hct显著高于调整期水平;女运动员训练第3周、第4周Hb、RBC、Hct均显著低于调整期和训练第2周水平。3.训练第2周男运动员IgG和女运动员IgM出现显著性升高。4.冬训期训练中男运动员白细胞参数和T淋巴细胞亚群表达与调整期比较均无显著性差异;训练第4周女运动员白细胞总数、中性粒细胞数量、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+的表达与调整期比较显著下降,淋巴细胞百分比显著增加。5.NK细胞、NKT细胞的表达在冬训期训练第2周出现下降,尤其是NKT细胞的下降最为明显,各训练周次中NKT细胞的表达与调整期比较存在非常显著性差异。6.T/C比值呈下降趋势,恢复1周男运动员的T/C比值已基本上升至调整期水平,女运动员的T/C比值仍显著低于调整期水平。7.运动员CK在训练第2周、第4周出现较高值;恢复1周男运动员CK回复至调整期水平,女运动员CK仍处于较高水平。BU均无显著性变化。
研究结论:1.冬训期训练周期结束后,运动员并未出现缺铁性贫血。但有部分运动员处于隐性缺铁状态,女运动员较男运动员更为显著。2.冬训期训练过程中,运动员的体液免疫没有受到明显影响,而细胞免疫产生部分抑制。3.冬训期训练周期结束后,男运动员没有出现明显的过度训练,而女运动员则有过度训练的迹象。4.NK、NKT细胞较其它免疫指标表现出更好的灵敏性,尤其是NKT细胞,它反应快、变化幅度大,是监测游泳运动员身体机能较为敏感的免疫指标。5.恢复期训练过程中,部分免疫及生化指标仍未恢复,建议适当延长恢复训练时间。6.冬训期运动训练的不同阶段,各指标呈现不完全同步的变化趋势。建立多指标、多层次的网络监测系统对运动员的身体机能进行全面的综合评定,能更有效地监控运动员的身体机能状况。
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the effect of winter training on physical function in elite swimmers and found out the adaptability of swimmers to training load, giving suggestions for arrangement of scientific training by assessment of the changes in iron metabolism, immunological variables, endocrine, and other related biochemical parameters in fifteen elite swimmers.
Methods: Fifteen elite swimmers volunteered to participate in this study. Baselin(?) data were collected before winter training. The serum ferritin (SF), transferring saturation(TS), routine blood parameters, IgG, IgA, IgM, CD_4, CD_8, NKcell, NKT cell, serum testosterone (T), serum cortisol (C), creatine kinase (CK), and the blood urea (BU) were measured on each Monday before 1 week winter training, in the second week, the third week, the fourth week and 1 week recovery training of winter training.
Results: 1. SF has no significant difference in male athletes; while through one week recovery training, SF has significant decrease compared with the third week in female athletes.2. Compaired with that of before winter training, for male athletes, in the third week, TS has significant increase and RDW has significant decrease; in the fourth week, Hb, RBC and Hct have significant increase. For female athletes, in the third week and the fourth week, Hb, RBC and Hct have significant decrease. 3. In the second week, IgG in male athletes and IgM in female athletes have significant increase.4. Compaired with that of before winter training, for male athletes, the white blood cell(wbc) parameters and T lymphocyte subsets have no significant difference; for female athletes, in the fourth week, wbc, neut, CD3~+,CD4~+, CD8~+, CD4~+/CD8~+ decreased, and the percentage of lymphocyte increased obviously.5. NK cell and NKT cell decreased in the second week, especially NKT cell, it decreased obviously. 6. T/C decreased, in one week recovery training, T/C has returned to the level of which before winter training in male athletes, while T/C has significant decrease compaired with that of before winter training in female athletes. 7. CK reached to the high numerical value in the second week and the fourth week. In one week recovery training, CK has returned to the level of which before winter training in male athletes, while it has still high numerical value in female athletes. BU has no significant difference during winter training.
Conclusions: 1. Athletes didn't show iron deficiency anemia at the end of winter training, but part of the athletes exhibited iron deficiency. Iron deficiency is more pronounced in female athletes than in male athletes. 2. Winter training couldn't affect humoral immunity function obviously, while it could restrain cellular immunity function.3 .Winter training didn't induce over training obviously in male athletes, while female athletes have evidence of over training. 4. NK and NKT cell were more sensitive than other immune indexes, especially NKT cell, it was sensitive immune index to exercise load, and it could monitor physical function for winter training in elite swimmers better.5. Part immunological and biochemical parameters haven't returned to the level of which before winter training through one week recovery training, so we'd better postpone recovery training properly.6. In different state of winter training, part indexes haven't synchronization changes. If we establish monitoring system of multi-index and multi-level, we can evaluate athletes' physical function synthetically.
引文
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