直流—直流数字非隔离开关电源的研究与应用
摘要
随着半导体工艺技术的不断升级,电路板上的元器件运行速度更快、体积更小,同时要求更多、更低的供电电压和更大的供电电流。伴随着板上电平数的增加,系统电源管理的复杂性也迅速提高,而单位功率的价格却在不断下降。此外,用户对电源运行状态的感知、电源的故障报警及其快速修复、智能控制等等的要求越来越高,电源设计人员已不再满足于实时监控电流、电压、温度,还提出了更高的要求,诸如实时诊断电源供应情况、灵活设定每个输出电压的参数等等。这些复杂、灵活多变的需求是模拟方案所难以满足的。因此,作为电源管理发展的新思路,数字电源应运而生了,它将电源转换与电源管理架构用数字方法集成到单芯片中,实现了智能、高效的转换与监控。这样可以让电源设计变得更灵活、可靠、迅速,降低了系统级的能耗。在过去的二十多年中,基于通用或专用微处理器、数字信号处理器、以及可编程逻辑器件等技术,数字控制技术已经在诸如电机控制、三相逆变、功率因数校正等电力电子应用领域中逐渐普及开来。随着超大规模数字集成电路处理速度的飞速提高和其价格的下降,数字控制技术必将在更多大规模商用领域占据制高点。
本文基于我在爱立信工作期间承担的数字非隔离开关电源项目展开,介绍直流-直流(DC-DC)数字电源的基本原理与历史,基于数字电源控制芯片,针对20A的应用,设计并制作了外围电路,对它的性能进行了实测并将结果与模拟电源作了对比分析,在2008年成功将其推向市场,受到用户好评。
本文共分五章。第一章概述了直流-直流数字电源的历史与现状及其基本实现原理;第二章给出了模拟和数字控制的非隔离电源模块的硬件实现方法及外围电路,对20A数字电源从电气性能、散热到可靠性等各个方面作了测试,最后将测试结果与类似模拟产品进行了对比分析,得出了结论;第三章给出了控制数字电源的开放协议及使用方法;第四章介绍了数字电源的应用并与模拟电源的应用作了比较,指出了数字电源目前仍然存在的主要问题,并对数字电源的未来作了展望;最后,第五章给出了结论。
With the continuous technology upgrading of semiconductors, components become smaller and faster,requiring lower voltage supply with more current.The number of different voltages on board is increasing, which makes power management become more complex,however,the price per unit power goes down year on year.Besides,users tend to know more about the power operating status on a real time base from fault alarm to intelligent control.Monitoring of current,voltage and temperature seems not enough anymore,real time diagnosis and flexible field settings are mandatory.These requirements cannot be fulfilled by today' s analogue solutions.Digital power was born.By integrating both effective power conversion and intelligent power management into one chip,digital power enables power design to be more flexible,reliable and rapid,also decreases the system power dissipation,which contributes to the environment protection.Based on micro-processors、DSPs and PLDs,digital control scheme was already widely used in different power electronics area; along with the VLSI processing speed roaring while its price goes down, it will show up in more commercial applications.
By analyzing the realization of digital and analogue power modules, comparing their performance and application value for the customer and listing the advantages of digital solution and its commercial value in telecom market,this thesis contributes to the implementation of digital power in telecom market.
This thesis includes 5 chapters,1~(st) chapter presents the history and status quo of digital power and its basic principals;2~(nd) chapter introduces a real digital power design,and compares its performance with analogue solution in all aspects;3~(rd) chapter gives a protocol of digital control communication and its usage;4~(th) chapter compares the application vahe of digital power against analogue ones,pointing out the main problems remained and gives an outlook of digital power;the last chapter presents the conclusion.
本文基于我在爱立信工作期间承担的数字非隔离开关电源项目展开,介绍直流-直流(DC-DC)数字电源的基本原理与历史,基于数字电源控制芯片,针对20A的应用,设计并制作了外围电路,对它的性能进行了实测并将结果与模拟电源作了对比分析,在2008年成功将其推向市场,受到用户好评。
本文共分五章。第一章概述了直流-直流数字电源的历史与现状及其基本实现原理;第二章给出了模拟和数字控制的非隔离电源模块的硬件实现方法及外围电路,对20A数字电源从电气性能、散热到可靠性等各个方面作了测试,最后将测试结果与类似模拟产品进行了对比分析,得出了结论;第三章给出了控制数字电源的开放协议及使用方法;第四章介绍了数字电源的应用并与模拟电源的应用作了比较,指出了数字电源目前仍然存在的主要问题,并对数字电源的未来作了展望;最后,第五章给出了结论。
With the continuous technology upgrading of semiconductors, components become smaller and faster,requiring lower voltage supply with more current.The number of different voltages on board is increasing, which makes power management become more complex,however,the price per unit power goes down year on year.Besides,users tend to know more about the power operating status on a real time base from fault alarm to intelligent control.Monitoring of current,voltage and temperature seems not enough anymore,real time diagnosis and flexible field settings are mandatory.These requirements cannot be fulfilled by today' s analogue solutions.Digital power was born.By integrating both effective power conversion and intelligent power management into one chip,digital power enables power design to be more flexible,reliable and rapid,also decreases the system power dissipation,which contributes to the environment protection.Based on micro-processors、DSPs and PLDs,digital control scheme was already widely used in different power electronics area; along with the VLSI processing speed roaring while its price goes down, it will show up in more commercial applications.
By analyzing the realization of digital and analogue power modules, comparing their performance and application value for the customer and listing the advantages of digital solution and its commercial value in telecom market,this thesis contributes to the implementation of digital power in telecom market.
This thesis includes 5 chapters,1~(st) chapter presents the history and status quo of digital power and its basic principals;2~(nd) chapter introduces a real digital power design,and compares its performance with analogue solution in all aspects;3~(rd) chapter gives a protocol of digital control communication and its usage;4~(th) chapter compares the application vahe of digital power against analogue ones,pointing out the main problems remained and gives an outlook of digital power;the last chapter presents the conclusion.
引文
[1]Per-Johan Wiberg.What is "digital power"?:Feature Article,Feb.2007:
[2]郑尊标.数字化智能电源模块研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2001:
[3]Ericsson Power Modules AB.Performance Improvements for OEM System Designers-a Digital Control Case Study:www.ericsson.com,Sep 2006:
[4]Ericsson Power Modules AB.Power supply goes digital:www.ericsson.com,October 2006:
[5]Bob Carroll.The Next Steps for Digital Control:Digital Power Forum 2005,2005:
[6]代君利.数字电源开辟电源管理新空间[J].中国电子商情(基础电子),2007,08:46-49
[7]Darnell Group.2008年数字电源控制器价格将与模拟类产品持平[J].中国集成电路,2007,11:95
[8]Steven B.Leeb.Putting Profit Into Power Electronic Products with Digital Control[A].APEC '04.& Nineteenth Annual IEEE,Volume 1,2004 Page(s):35-44
[9]Brush.L.Trends in digital power management:power converter and system demand characteristics[A];APEC 2005 & Twentieth Annual IEEE Volume 1,6-10 March 2005 Page(s):163-166
[10]Patrick Le Fevre.Is Digital Power Moving Forward?:http://www.ericsson.com/technology/research_papers/other_tech_papers/digital_power_moving_forward.shtml,Mar 2008:
[11]Patrick Le Fevre.Digital power management enables lower power consumption[R/OL].:EETimes Asia,Aug 06 2007:
[12]亦光.电源IC发展趋势综述[J].电子测试,2007,12:4-6
[13]Ericsson Power Modules,Design Note 002 Reliability Aspects on Power Supplies:http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/page.asp?ArticleId=90C6C800-EE59-4D 11-B095-E49BD3D1EE9F,April 2000:
[14]Ericsson Power Modules,1787-BMR6458918_1ENA Reliability Report:Feb 02 2009:
[15]Ericsson Power Modules,1911-BMR6458918ENA Electrical Design Schematic:May 11 2005:
[16]Ericsson Power Modules,10267-BMR6458918ENA Electrical Verification Report:Oct 10 2005:
[17]Intersil,ISL 6522B Datasheet:http://cn.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/120241/INTERSIL/ISL6522B .html,Feb 2004:
[18]Maxim,TC6501 Datasheet:http://cn.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/118716/MICROCHIP/TC6501.html,Mar 2004:
[19]Ericsson Power Modules,Technical Specification PMH8918:http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/page.asp?ArticleId=90C6C800-EE59-4D 11-B095-E49BD3D1EE9F,April 2006:
[20]Ericsson Power Modules,1787-BMR45000_02ENA Reliability Report:Sep 10 2009:
[21]Ericsson Power Modules,1911-BMR450+ENPB1 Electrical Design Schematic:Aug 12 2008:
[22]Zilker Labs,AN13R3 2 PmBus Command Set:http://www.zilkerlabs.com/303/ZL2005P_Overview.htm,May 02 2007:
[23]Ericsson Power Modules,10267-BMR45000_02ENA Electrical Verification Report:Oct 02 2008:
[24]Zilker Labs,ZL2005P Datasheet:http://www.zilkerlabs.com/303/ZL2005P_Overview.htm,Oct 08 2007:
[25]EricssonPower Modules,Technical Specification BMR450:http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/page.asp?ArticleId=90C6C800-EE59-4D 11-B095-E49BD3D1EE9F,Nov 10 2008:
[26]Ericsson Power Modules,1528-2_FEA-202 3001 Definition of measure methods for DC/DC power modules:Sep 06 2005:
[27]周涛.高频开关电源数字控制技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006:
[28]陈林,李淑琴,林辉.数字电源管理技术及电源管理总线[J].电气传动,2007,37(8):3-5
[29]PM-IF,PMBus Ancestry:PMBus and the Technologies Preceding It:www.PMBus.org,Oct 02 2006:
[30]Darnell Group Inc.,Emerging Markets in Digital Power Electronics:Mar 2005:
[31]PM-IF,PMBus_Specification_Part Ⅱ Rev_1-1:www.PMBus.org,Feb 05 2007:
[2]郑尊标.数字化智能电源模块研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2001:
[3]Ericsson Power Modules AB.Performance Improvements for OEM System Designers-a Digital Control Case Study:www.ericsson.com,Sep 2006:
[4]Ericsson Power Modules AB.Power supply goes digital:www.ericsson.com,October 2006:
[5]Bob Carroll.The Next Steps for Digital Control:Digital Power Forum 2005,2005:
[6]代君利.数字电源开辟电源管理新空间[J].中国电子商情(基础电子),2007,08:46-49
[7]Darnell Group.2008年数字电源控制器价格将与模拟类产品持平[J].中国集成电路,2007,11:95
[8]Steven B.Leeb.Putting Profit Into Power Electronic Products with Digital Control[A].APEC '04.& Nineteenth Annual IEEE,Volume 1,2004 Page(s):35-44
[9]Brush.L.Trends in digital power management:power converter and system demand characteristics[A];APEC 2005 & Twentieth Annual IEEE Volume 1,6-10 March 2005 Page(s):163-166
[10]Patrick Le Fevre.Is Digital Power Moving Forward?:http://www.ericsson.com/technology/research_papers/other_tech_papers/digital_power_moving_forward.shtml,Mar 2008:
[11]Patrick Le Fevre.Digital power management enables lower power consumption[R/OL].:EETimes Asia,Aug 06 2007:
[12]亦光.电源IC发展趋势综述[J].电子测试,2007,12:4-6
[13]Ericsson Power Modules,Design Note 002 Reliability Aspects on Power Supplies:http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/page.asp?ArticleId=90C6C800-EE59-4D 11-B095-E49BD3D1EE9F,April 2000:
[14]Ericsson Power Modules,1787-BMR6458918_1ENA Reliability Report:Feb 02 2009:
[15]Ericsson Power Modules,1911-BMR6458918ENA Electrical Design Schematic:May 11 2005:
[16]Ericsson Power Modules,10267-BMR6458918ENA Electrical Verification Report:Oct 10 2005:
[17]Intersil,ISL 6522B Datasheet:http://cn.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/120241/INTERSIL/ISL6522B .html,Feb 2004:
[18]Maxim,TC6501 Datasheet:http://cn.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/pdf/118716/MICROCHIP/TC6501.html,Mar 2004:
[19]Ericsson Power Modules,Technical Specification PMH8918:http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/page.asp?ArticleId=90C6C800-EE59-4D 11-B095-E49BD3D1EE9F,April 2006:
[20]Ericsson Power Modules,1787-BMR45000_02ENA Reliability Report:Sep 10 2009:
[21]Ericsson Power Modules,1911-BMR450+ENPB1 Electrical Design Schematic:Aug 12 2008:
[22]Zilker Labs,AN13R3 2 PmBus Command Set:http://www.zilkerlabs.com/303/ZL2005P_Overview.htm,May 02 2007:
[23]Ericsson Power Modules,10267-BMR45000_02ENA Electrical Verification Report:Oct 02 2008:
[24]Zilker Labs,ZL2005P Datasheet:http://www.zilkerlabs.com/303/ZL2005P_Overview.htm,Oct 08 2007:
[25]EricssonPower Modules,Technical Specification BMR450:http://www.ericsson.com/solutions/page.asp?ArticleId=90C6C800-EE59-4D 11-B095-E49BD3D1EE9F,Nov 10 2008:
[26]Ericsson Power Modules,1528-2_FEA-202 3001 Definition of measure methods for DC/DC power modules:Sep 06 2005:
[27]周涛.高频开关电源数字控制技术研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006:
[28]陈林,李淑琴,林辉.数字电源管理技术及电源管理总线[J].电气传动,2007,37(8):3-5
[29]PM-IF,PMBus Ancestry:PMBus and the Technologies Preceding It:www.PMBus.org,Oct 02 2006:
[30]Darnell Group Inc.,Emerging Markets in Digital Power Electronics:Mar 2005:
[31]PM-IF,PMBus_Specification_Part Ⅱ Rev_1-1:www.PMBus.org,Feb 05 2007: