Buck DC/DC变换器芯片的研究与设计
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摘要
电源是电子设备的重要组成部分,其性能的优劣直接影响着电子设备的稳定性和可靠性。随着电子技术的发展,电子设备的种类越来越多,其对电源的要求也更加灵活多样。Buck DC/DC变换器由于电路结构简单、调整方便、可靠性高等优点,在降压式场合一直得到广泛的应用。
本文设计的是一款电流型PWM控制方式Buck DC/DC变换器芯片。该芯片工作频率固定为380kHz,内部集成功率开关管,输入电压范围4.75V～23V,输出电压在0.92V～23V连续可调,并具有欠压、过流、过热等保护功能,配以简单的外围电路就可以构成完整、可靠的Buck DC/DC变换器。
文中分析和阐述了Buck DC/DC的电路拓扑结构及控制电路的工作原理。对该变换器芯片各功能模块,如基准电压电路、过热保护电路、误差放大电路、电压比较电路、锯齿波振荡发生电路、自举驱动电路、欠压保护电路、电流检测电路等进行了设计并给出了仿真验证结果。最后通过对变换器芯片应用电路的Hspice仿真,验证了设计方案和理论分析的可行性和正确性,所设计的Buck DC/DC变换器达到了预期的要求。
Power supply is one of the important parts of electronic equipments. Its performances affect directly the stability and reliability of electronic equipment. With the development of electronic technology, the types of electronic equipment are becoming more and more, so the requirements for power supply are more flexible and diverse. With the advantages of simple structure, convenient regulation and high reliability, Buck DC/DC converter is widely used in voltage step-down situation.
A current-mode PWM control Buck DC/DC converter chip was designed in this paper. The chip with a built in internal power transistor, has a fixed 380kHz of operating frequency, input voltage range of 4.75V~23V, adjustable output voltage of 0.92V~23V, and with several protection circuits, such as the circuits of under-voltage, over-current, over-temperature. The chip can constitute a complete and reliable Buck DC/DC converter with a minimum number of external components.
The thesis analyzed the operational principles of Buck DC/DC topology circuit and control circuit. It is integrated with many function modules, such as bandgap reference voltage circuit, over-temperature protection circuit, error amplifier, voltage comparator, saw-tooth oscillator, bootstrap drive circuit, under voltage lockout circuit, current sensing circuit, etc. All these circuit structures and operation principles are designed and simulated. Finally the feasibility and validity of design method and theory analysis are proved by the simulation results of application circuit of the chip with Hspice of the EDA tool. The chip can realize the prospective target.
本文设计的是一款电流型PWM控制方式Buck DC/DC变换器芯片。该芯片工作频率固定为380kHz,内部集成功率开关管,输入电压范围4.75V～23V,输出电压在0.92V～23V连续可调,并具有欠压、过流、过热等保护功能,配以简单的外围电路就可以构成完整、可靠的Buck DC/DC变换器。
文中分析和阐述了Buck DC/DC的电路拓扑结构及控制电路的工作原理。对该变换器芯片各功能模块,如基准电压电路、过热保护电路、误差放大电路、电压比较电路、锯齿波振荡发生电路、自举驱动电路、欠压保护电路、电流检测电路等进行了设计并给出了仿真验证结果。最后通过对变换器芯片应用电路的Hspice仿真,验证了设计方案和理论分析的可行性和正确性,所设计的Buck DC/DC变换器达到了预期的要求。
Power supply is one of the important parts of electronic equipments. Its performances affect directly the stability and reliability of electronic equipment. With the development of electronic technology, the types of electronic equipment are becoming more and more, so the requirements for power supply are more flexible and diverse. With the advantages of simple structure, convenient regulation and high reliability, Buck DC/DC converter is widely used in voltage step-down situation.
A current-mode PWM control Buck DC/DC converter chip was designed in this paper. The chip with a built in internal power transistor, has a fixed 380kHz of operating frequency, input voltage range of 4.75V~23V, adjustable output voltage of 0.92V~23V, and with several protection circuits, such as the circuits of under-voltage, over-current, over-temperature. The chip can constitute a complete and reliable Buck DC/DC converter with a minimum number of external components.
The thesis analyzed the operational principles of Buck DC/DC topology circuit and control circuit. It is integrated with many function modules, such as bandgap reference voltage circuit, over-temperature protection circuit, error amplifier, voltage comparator, saw-tooth oscillator, bootstrap drive circuit, under voltage lockout circuit, current sensing circuit, etc. All these circuit structures and operation principles are designed and simulated. Finally the feasibility and validity of design method and theory analysis are proved by the simulation results of application circuit of the chip with Hspice of the EDA tool. The chip can realize the prospective target.
引文
[1]沙占友等.新型单片开关电源设计与应用技术.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004. 1-2
[2]现代电力电子及电源技术发展.电力人才网专刊. http://info.epjob88.com
[3]王水平,付敏江.开关稳压电源概述.中国电子技术信息网.http://www.ec66.com
[4]浅谈开关电源的发展趋势及其高频化.中国IC网. http://www.ic37.com
[5]王国华,王鸿麟,羊彦等.便携电子设备电源管理技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.43-45,63-64
[6]张占松.开关电源的原理与设计[M]北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[7]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[8]毕查德·拉扎维著,陈贵灿,程军,张瑞智等译.模拟CMOS集成电路设计.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005.
[9]朱正涌.半导体集成电路.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.241-244
[10]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003.534-535
[11]刘永,张福海.晶体管原理.北京:国防工业出版社,2004.273-304
[12] Yeong-Tsair Lin, Mei-Chu Jen, Dong-Shiuh Wu等.Integrated CMOS Buck DC-DC Converter with On-Chip PWM Circuit.龙华科技大学学报,2006.9,第21期
[13] R.D.Middlebrook. Modeling Current-programmed Buck and Boost Regulators. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.1989,Vol.4, No.1.36-52
[14] Cheung Fai Lee, Philip K.T. A Monolithic Current-Mode CMOS DC-DC Converter With On-Chip Current-Sensing Technique.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.2004, 1,Vol.39,No.1.3-14
[15] Paul R. Gray等著,张晓林等译.模拟集成电路的分析与设计.北京:高等教育出版社,2005.258-263
[16] Philip,E.Allen,Douglas R.Holberg著,冯军,李智群译. CMOS模拟集成电路设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[17]刘斯琳,魏廷存,李丹.一种高频高精度窗口比较式CMOS振荡器的设计.微电子学, 2006,4,Vo1.36, No.2.217-219
[18]陈巨,鲁斌,王晓蕾.消费类芯片振荡嚣的分析与设计.中国集成电路,2005.9
[19]袁冰,来新泉.集成于电流模降压型DC-DC变换器的电流采样电路.半导体学报.2008,8,Vol.29,No.8.1627-1632
[20] Chi Yat Leung, Philip K. T. Mok, Ka Nang Leun等.An Integrated CMOS Current-Sensing Circuit for Low-Voltage Current-Mode Buck Regulator.IEEE Transactions On Circuits and Systems.2005,7,Vol.52, No.7.394-397
[21] Modelling,analysis and Compensation of the current mode converter. Unitrode application note.1999.43-48
[22]王海永,李永明,陈弘毅.集成的BiCMOS DC/DC开关电源控制器输出驱动电器的低功耗设计.电子器件. 2001, 3,Vo1.24, No.l.1-6
[23]刘帘曦,杨银堂,朱樟明. PWM/PFM双模调制的高效率DC/DC开关电源.固体电子学研究与进展[J].2006,5,Vol.26,No.2.209-213
[24] Raymond A.Mack,Jr.著,谢运祥等译.开关电源入门.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.195-196
[25]陈东坡,何乐年,严晓浪.一种具有750mA输出电流、双模式PWM/PFM控制的高效率直流-直流降压转换器.半导体学报.20088,Vol.29,No.8.1614-1619
[26] Yun He, Zhangming Zhu, Yintang Yang. A High Efficiency PWM Buck DC/DC Converter High-Level Model and Verification, The 9th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated-Circuit Technology, 2008, Beijing, IEEE.2031-2034
[27] Michael (Chongming) Qiao, Parviz Parto, Reza Amirani. Stabilize the Buck Converter with Transconductance Amplifier. International Rectifier. Application Note AN-1043. 2002,7. 1-11
[28] Sau-Mou Wu,Chung-Lin Wu ,Chia-Hsien Chang. A New Adaptive Mode-Switching Mechanism with Current-mode CMOS DC-DC Converter. International Symposium of Integrated Circuits.2007. 548-551
[29] Surya Musunuri, Patrick L. Chapman.Improvement of Light-load Efficiency using width-switching scheme for CMOS Transistors.IEEE Power Electronics Letters.2005, 9,Vol.3,No.3.105-110
[30] Yeong-Tsair Lin, Mei-Chu Jen. A Monolithic buck DC-DC converter with on-chip PWM circuit. Microelectronics Journal.2007, 8,Vol.38, No.8-9.923-930
[2]现代电力电子及电源技术发展.电力人才网专刊. http://info.epjob88.com
[3]王水平,付敏江.开关稳压电源概述.中国电子技术信息网.http://www.ec66.com
[4]浅谈开关电源的发展趋势及其高频化.中国IC网. http://www.ic37.com
[5]王国华,王鸿麟,羊彦等.便携电子设备电源管理技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.43-45,63-64
[6]张占松.开关电源的原理与设计[M]北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[7]刘凤君.现代高频开关电源技术与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[8]毕查德·拉扎维著,陈贵灿,程军,张瑞智等译.模拟CMOS集成电路设计.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2005.
[9]朱正涌.半导体集成电路.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.241-244
[10]童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础.第三版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003.534-535
[11]刘永,张福海.晶体管原理.北京:国防工业出版社,2004.273-304
[12] Yeong-Tsair Lin, Mei-Chu Jen, Dong-Shiuh Wu等.Integrated CMOS Buck DC-DC Converter with On-Chip PWM Circuit.龙华科技大学学报,2006.9,第21期
[13] R.D.Middlebrook. Modeling Current-programmed Buck and Boost Regulators. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.1989,Vol.4, No.1.36-52
[14] Cheung Fai Lee, Philip K.T. A Monolithic Current-Mode CMOS DC-DC Converter With On-Chip Current-Sensing Technique.IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits.2004, 1,Vol.39,No.1.3-14
[15] Paul R. Gray等著,张晓林等译.模拟集成电路的分析与设计.北京:高等教育出版社,2005.258-263
[16] Philip,E.Allen,Douglas R.Holberg著,冯军,李智群译. CMOS模拟集成电路设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[17]刘斯琳,魏廷存,李丹.一种高频高精度窗口比较式CMOS振荡器的设计.微电子学, 2006,4,Vo1.36, No.2.217-219
[18]陈巨,鲁斌,王晓蕾.消费类芯片振荡嚣的分析与设计.中国集成电路,2005.9
[19]袁冰,来新泉.集成于电流模降压型DC-DC变换器的电流采样电路.半导体学报.2008,8,Vol.29,No.8.1627-1632
[20] Chi Yat Leung, Philip K. T. Mok, Ka Nang Leun等.An Integrated CMOS Current-Sensing Circuit for Low-Voltage Current-Mode Buck Regulator.IEEE Transactions On Circuits and Systems.2005,7,Vol.52, No.7.394-397
[21] Modelling,analysis and Compensation of the current mode converter. Unitrode application note.1999.43-48
[22]王海永,李永明,陈弘毅.集成的BiCMOS DC/DC开关电源控制器输出驱动电器的低功耗设计.电子器件. 2001, 3,Vo1.24, No.l.1-6
[23]刘帘曦,杨银堂,朱樟明. PWM/PFM双模调制的高效率DC/DC开关电源.固体电子学研究与进展[J].2006,5,Vol.26,No.2.209-213
[24] Raymond A.Mack,Jr.著,谢运祥等译.开关电源入门.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.195-196
[25]陈东坡,何乐年,严晓浪.一种具有750mA输出电流、双模式PWM/PFM控制的高效率直流-直流降压转换器.半导体学报.20088,Vol.29,No.8.1614-1619
[26] Yun He, Zhangming Zhu, Yintang Yang. A High Efficiency PWM Buck DC/DC Converter High-Level Model and Verification, The 9th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated-Circuit Technology, 2008, Beijing, IEEE.2031-2034
[27] Michael (Chongming) Qiao, Parviz Parto, Reza Amirani. Stabilize the Buck Converter with Transconductance Amplifier. International Rectifier. Application Note AN-1043. 2002,7. 1-11
[28] Sau-Mou Wu,Chung-Lin Wu ,Chia-Hsien Chang. A New Adaptive Mode-Switching Mechanism with Current-mode CMOS DC-DC Converter. International Symposium of Integrated Circuits.2007. 548-551
[29] Surya Musunuri, Patrick L. Chapman.Improvement of Light-load Efficiency using width-switching scheme for CMOS Transistors.IEEE Power Electronics Letters.2005, 9,Vol.3,No.3.105-110
[30] Yeong-Tsair Lin, Mei-Chu Jen. A Monolithic buck DC-DC converter with on-chip PWM circuit. Microelectronics Journal.2007, 8,Vol.38, No.8-9.923-930