蝴蝶兰栽培基质的研究
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摘要
本论文在研究四种常用基质理化性质的基础上,初步探讨了树皮和椰壳分别以不同比例与泥炭混合后的理化性质,并就此类混合基质应用于蝴蝶兰规模化生产的可行性,进行了蝴蝶兰的栽培试验,研究结果表明:
1.水苔、树皮、椰壳、泥炭的理化性质有较大差异。水苔的持水孔隙度为60.2%,泥炭的持水孔隙度为52.6%,两者均显著高于树皮、椰壳基质;水苔和泥炭基质的CEC值较高,显著高于树皮和椰壳,表明水苔具有较高的保水和保肥性能。相应地,树皮和椰壳保水保肥能力较差,但是树皮的通气孔隙度最高,为53.6%,其次为椰壳,均显著高于水苔和泥炭,表明树皮和椰壳具有较好的透气性。
2.树皮类混合基质中泥炭所占体积比例为10-50%时,持水孔隙度较100%树皮提高4.6-13.0个百分点且差异显著,各混合基质的持水孔隙度显著低于水苔;泥炭所占体积比例为10-40%时,各混合基质的气/水比均显著高于水苔,泥炭所占比例为50%时,混合基质的气/水比仍高于水苔但差异不显著。树皮类混合基质的pH值在5.67-6.16之间,EC值在0.12-0.19之间。
3.椰壳类混合基质中泥炭所占体积比例为10-50%时,持水孔隙度较100%椰壳提高3.1-12.7个百分点且差异显著,各混合基质的持水孔隙度均显著低于水苔;泥炭所占体积比例为10-50%时,各混合基质的气/水比均显著高于水苔。椰壳类混合基质的pH值在5.73-6.23之间,EC值在0.31-0.44之间。
4.不同基质处理对蝴蝶兰生长速率和最终生物量的影响差异显著。在11种处理中,在B70(树皮和泥炭以70:30体积比混合)和B70S(树皮和碎水苔以70:30体积比混合)基质中生长的蝴蝶兰在叶面积生长速率、植株鲜重、植株体积、植株干重、根系生长状况上均优于水苔和其它处理,C50(椰壳和泥炭以50:50体积比混合)与水苔有相近的栽培效果。
5.综合考虑植株生长状况、环保因素、生产成本,B70(树皮和泥炭以70:30体积比混合)为蝴蝶兰规模化生产中首选基质,其次是C50(椰壳和泥炭以50:50体积比混合),应用此两种基质可使基质的成本较使用水苔降低86%。
The physical and chemical properties of sphagnum moss, composted bark, coconut chunks and sphagnum peat were studied; in addition, the physical and chemical properties of bark mixed with sphagnum peat by different ratio and coconut chunks mixed with sphagnum peat by different ratio were also studied. In order to test the feasibility of these mixed media used in Phalaenopsis production, a study was conducted to access the effect of mixed media on growth of Phalaenopsis. A series of studies indicate that:
1. The water-filled porosity in sphagnum moss was 60.2%, and it was 52.6% in sphagnum peat, the water-filled porosity in sphagnum moss and sphagnum peat were both significant higher than that in bark or coconut chunks. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) in sphagnum moss and sphagnum peat were higher than that in bark or coconut chunks, which indicated that sphagnum moss retained too much water and mineral nutrients when used in Phalaenopsis production. Accordingly, bark and coconut chunks retained less water and mineral nutrients. The air-filled porosity in bark was 53.6%, and it was the highest among the four media concerned in this study. The second is coconut chunks. They were both significant higher than that in sphagnum moss and sphagnum peat, which suggests that bark and coconut chunks have favorable air capacity.
2. By adding 10-50% proportion (by volume) of sphagnum peat to bark, the value of water-filled porosity can be elevated by 4.6-13.0 percent, but still significant lower than that in sphagnum moss. When the proportion of sphagnum peat was 10-40%, the ratio of W/A (water-filled porosity/ air-filled porosity) in bark-peat media was significant higher than that in sphagnum moss. While the proportion of sphagnum peat rised to 50%, this ratio was lower than it in sphagnum moss, but not significantly. The pH of bark-peat media was5.67-6.16, EC was 0.12-0.19.
3. By adding 10-50% proportion (by volume) of sphagnum peat moss to coconut chunks, the value of water-filled porosity can be elevated by 3.1-12.7 percent, but still significant lower than that in sphagnum moss. When the proportion of sphagnum peat was 10-50%, the ratio of W/A in bark-peat media was significant higher than that in sphagnum moss. The pH of coconut chunks -peat media was 5.73-6.23, and EC was 0.31-0.44.
4. There were significant difference in dry weight and growing rate in different media. Plants grown in a mixture of 70 bark with 30 sphagnum peat or a mixture of 70 bark with 30 cutted sphagnum moss attained higher growth rate and produced more plant volume, fresh weight and dry weight than those in sphagnum moss or other media. Plants grown in a mixture of 50 coconut chunks with 50 sphagnum peat were similar with those in sphagnum moss.
5. Based on an overall consideration of plante growth, environmental factor and costs, a principal media of 70 bark with 30 peatmoss (volume) was recommended to use in Phalaenopsis production. The next media recommended is a mixture of 50 coconut chunks with 50 peatmoss. The cost of media can be reduced 86% when these two mixed media were used in Phalaenopsis mass production.
1.水苔、树皮、椰壳、泥炭的理化性质有较大差异。水苔的持水孔隙度为60.2%,泥炭的持水孔隙度为52.6%,两者均显著高于树皮、椰壳基质;水苔和泥炭基质的CEC值较高,显著高于树皮和椰壳,表明水苔具有较高的保水和保肥性能。相应地,树皮和椰壳保水保肥能力较差,但是树皮的通气孔隙度最高,为53.6%,其次为椰壳,均显著高于水苔和泥炭,表明树皮和椰壳具有较好的透气性。
2.树皮类混合基质中泥炭所占体积比例为10-50%时,持水孔隙度较100%树皮提高4.6-13.0个百分点且差异显著,各混合基质的持水孔隙度显著低于水苔;泥炭所占体积比例为10-40%时,各混合基质的气/水比均显著高于水苔,泥炭所占比例为50%时,混合基质的气/水比仍高于水苔但差异不显著。树皮类混合基质的pH值在5.67-6.16之间,EC值在0.12-0.19之间。
3.椰壳类混合基质中泥炭所占体积比例为10-50%时,持水孔隙度较100%椰壳提高3.1-12.7个百分点且差异显著,各混合基质的持水孔隙度均显著低于水苔;泥炭所占体积比例为10-50%时,各混合基质的气/水比均显著高于水苔。椰壳类混合基质的pH值在5.73-6.23之间,EC值在0.31-0.44之间。
4.不同基质处理对蝴蝶兰生长速率和最终生物量的影响差异显著。在11种处理中,在B70(树皮和泥炭以70:30体积比混合)和B70S(树皮和碎水苔以70:30体积比混合)基质中生长的蝴蝶兰在叶面积生长速率、植株鲜重、植株体积、植株干重、根系生长状况上均优于水苔和其它处理,C50(椰壳和泥炭以50:50体积比混合)与水苔有相近的栽培效果。
5.综合考虑植株生长状况、环保因素、生产成本,B70(树皮和泥炭以70:30体积比混合)为蝴蝶兰规模化生产中首选基质,其次是C50(椰壳和泥炭以50:50体积比混合),应用此两种基质可使基质的成本较使用水苔降低86%。
The physical and chemical properties of sphagnum moss, composted bark, coconut chunks and sphagnum peat were studied; in addition, the physical and chemical properties of bark mixed with sphagnum peat by different ratio and coconut chunks mixed with sphagnum peat by different ratio were also studied. In order to test the feasibility of these mixed media used in Phalaenopsis production, a study was conducted to access the effect of mixed media on growth of Phalaenopsis. A series of studies indicate that:
1. The water-filled porosity in sphagnum moss was 60.2%, and it was 52.6% in sphagnum peat, the water-filled porosity in sphagnum moss and sphagnum peat were both significant higher than that in bark or coconut chunks. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) in sphagnum moss and sphagnum peat were higher than that in bark or coconut chunks, which indicated that sphagnum moss retained too much water and mineral nutrients when used in Phalaenopsis production. Accordingly, bark and coconut chunks retained less water and mineral nutrients. The air-filled porosity in bark was 53.6%, and it was the highest among the four media concerned in this study. The second is coconut chunks. They were both significant higher than that in sphagnum moss and sphagnum peat, which suggests that bark and coconut chunks have favorable air capacity.
2. By adding 10-50% proportion (by volume) of sphagnum peat to bark, the value of water-filled porosity can be elevated by 4.6-13.0 percent, but still significant lower than that in sphagnum moss. When the proportion of sphagnum peat was 10-40%, the ratio of W/A (water-filled porosity/ air-filled porosity) in bark-peat media was significant higher than that in sphagnum moss. While the proportion of sphagnum peat rised to 50%, this ratio was lower than it in sphagnum moss, but not significantly. The pH of bark-peat media was5.67-6.16, EC was 0.12-0.19.
3. By adding 10-50% proportion (by volume) of sphagnum peat moss to coconut chunks, the value of water-filled porosity can be elevated by 3.1-12.7 percent, but still significant lower than that in sphagnum moss. When the proportion of sphagnum peat was 10-50%, the ratio of W/A in bark-peat media was significant higher than that in sphagnum moss. The pH of coconut chunks -peat media was 5.73-6.23, and EC was 0.31-0.44.
4. There were significant difference in dry weight and growing rate in different media. Plants grown in a mixture of 70 bark with 30 sphagnum peat or a mixture of 70 bark with 30 cutted sphagnum moss attained higher growth rate and produced more plant volume, fresh weight and dry weight than those in sphagnum moss or other media. Plants grown in a mixture of 50 coconut chunks with 50 sphagnum peat were similar with those in sphagnum moss.
5. Based on an overall consideration of plante growth, environmental factor and costs, a principal media of 70 bark with 30 peatmoss (volume) was recommended to use in Phalaenopsis production. The next media recommended is a mixture of 50 coconut chunks with 50 peatmoss. The cost of media can be reduced 86% when these two mixed media were used in Phalaenopsis mass production.
引文
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[2] 官顺恊. 介质种类及施肥浓度对蝴蝶兰生长之影响[D]. 国立台湾大学. 台北: 国立台湾大学, 2006.
[3] 郭世荣. 固体栽培基质研究、开发现状及发展趋势[J]. 农业工程学报, 2005, (21):1-4.
[4] 河田弘, 陈喜军. 树皮堆肥制造方法[J]. 国外林业, 1990, (1):13-16.
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