运输工况对樱桃番茄呼吸特性和气调包装质量的影响
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摘要
近年来,运输过程中果品的保鲜得到了广泛的关注。有研究结果表明,运输过程中的振动对果品的呼吸作用有着重大的影响。当振动加速度较大时会引起果品损伤;在未引起果品损伤的轻微振动条件下,会引起果品的生理失常,振动加速度越大,果品的呼吸速率就越大。因此,本课题主要研究了以下几个内容:
振动中的损伤会影响果品的呼吸,因此进行了跌落与呼吸测定试验。通过在不同跌落高度上的自由落体运动来得到不同的损伤程度,进一步分析损伤程度与樱桃番茄呼吸速率的关系,证明了损伤越大呼吸速率越大的事实。
由于振动会引起果品呼吸速率的跃变,因此为了确定其临界振动加速度,采用不同的振幅和振动加速度进行了樱桃番茄的短时间振动试验。以静态樱桃番茄的呼吸速率做对比,得到樱桃番茄呼吸速率临界振动加速度值,确定长时间试验的振动参数。
采用长时间、不同振动加速度和频率的振动试验,记录樱桃番茄在振动过程中呼吸速率的变化,分析振动参数对其的影响,为模型的探讨与建立提供了有利的依据。
将振动后的樱桃番茄与新鲜的樱桃番茄在呼吸速率上进行比较,分析振动对其的影响,分析两者在呼吸速率上的差异为气调包装的设计带来的不便。并测量振动后樱桃番茄在各种生理指标上的变化,如失重率、硬度、酸度等,进一步确定振动为樱桃番茄带来的品质下降与质量消耗。通过温湿度传感器与监控设备观察和测量装有振动与新鲜樱桃番茄包装内温湿度的变化,分析不同状态的樱桃番茄呼吸情况,为气调包装提供理论依据。
最后根据试验数据,用SAS软件分析得到了静态樱桃番茄酶动力学模型的参数,并以它为基础,估算出静态樱桃番茄呼吸速率的米氏方程理论值,将振动状态与静态樱桃番茄呼吸速率进行比较,以振动时间、振动频率和振动加速度为参数,探讨了振动过程中樱桃番茄呼吸模型(多项式方程和指数方程),并根据试验数据加以验证。
Recently, more and more researches are focused on protection of fruits during transport. It is clear that vibration has great effect on respiration of fruits. In condition of slight vibration leading to no damage, the bigger the vibration acceleration is, the bigger the respiration is when the acceleration is big enough.
The research mainly contains 5 contents:
To prove whether damage has effects on respiration of cherry-tomato, tests were taken to analyze the relationship between damage and respiration by dropping the cherry-tomatoes at different heights. It is proved that damage could accelerate respiration of cherry-tomato. Short-vibration tests were taken to confirm the critical vibration intension at different extents and accelerations compared to static ones and parameters of long-vibration tests were made certain.
Long-time-vibration tests were taken at different extents and accelerations. During the tests O2 and CO2 concentrations were recorded to calculate respiratory rates and analyze the effects of vibration parameters on the respiratory rates of cherry-tomatoes in order to provide attestation for discussing and establishing of the model of respiration rates of cherry-tomatoes.
Compares of respiration rates were made between static cherry-tomatoes and vibrated ones and effects of vibration were analyzed. Moreover changes of physiological parameters, such as weight-loss rates, rigidity, acidity, were measured in order to confirm the decline of quality and loss of weight that vibration brought to cherry-tomatoes. Temperatures and humidity in packages with static and vibrated cherry-tomatoes were measured through temperatures and humidity sensors and supervising instruments to analyze respiration of cherry-tomatoes in different condition in order to provide more theory for modified atmosphere.
According to tests results, parameters of models of cherry-tomatoes were worked out using SAS analysis software. On the basis of parameters, respirations of static cherry-tomato were calculated. And ratio between static cherry-tomato and vibrated ones were worked out. Models including M-M model, multinomial model and exponential model were established and adjustfied according to test results.
振动中的损伤会影响果品的呼吸,因此进行了跌落与呼吸测定试验。通过在不同跌落高度上的自由落体运动来得到不同的损伤程度,进一步分析损伤程度与樱桃番茄呼吸速率的关系,证明了损伤越大呼吸速率越大的事实。
由于振动会引起果品呼吸速率的跃变,因此为了确定其临界振动加速度,采用不同的振幅和振动加速度进行了樱桃番茄的短时间振动试验。以静态樱桃番茄的呼吸速率做对比,得到樱桃番茄呼吸速率临界振动加速度值,确定长时间试验的振动参数。
采用长时间、不同振动加速度和频率的振动试验,记录樱桃番茄在振动过程中呼吸速率的变化,分析振动参数对其的影响,为模型的探讨与建立提供了有利的依据。
将振动后的樱桃番茄与新鲜的樱桃番茄在呼吸速率上进行比较,分析振动对其的影响,分析两者在呼吸速率上的差异为气调包装的设计带来的不便。并测量振动后樱桃番茄在各种生理指标上的变化,如失重率、硬度、酸度等,进一步确定振动为樱桃番茄带来的品质下降与质量消耗。通过温湿度传感器与监控设备观察和测量装有振动与新鲜樱桃番茄包装内温湿度的变化,分析不同状态的樱桃番茄呼吸情况,为气调包装提供理论依据。
最后根据试验数据,用SAS软件分析得到了静态樱桃番茄酶动力学模型的参数,并以它为基础,估算出静态樱桃番茄呼吸速率的米氏方程理论值,将振动状态与静态樱桃番茄呼吸速率进行比较,以振动时间、振动频率和振动加速度为参数,探讨了振动过程中樱桃番茄呼吸模型(多项式方程和指数方程),并根据试验数据加以验证。
Recently, more and more researches are focused on protection of fruits during transport. It is clear that vibration has great effect on respiration of fruits. In condition of slight vibration leading to no damage, the bigger the vibration acceleration is, the bigger the respiration is when the acceleration is big enough.
The research mainly contains 5 contents:
To prove whether damage has effects on respiration of cherry-tomato, tests were taken to analyze the relationship between damage and respiration by dropping the cherry-tomatoes at different heights. It is proved that damage could accelerate respiration of cherry-tomato. Short-vibration tests were taken to confirm the critical vibration intension at different extents and accelerations compared to static ones and parameters of long-vibration tests were made certain.
Long-time-vibration tests were taken at different extents and accelerations. During the tests O2 and CO2 concentrations were recorded to calculate respiratory rates and analyze the effects of vibration parameters on the respiratory rates of cherry-tomatoes in order to provide attestation for discussing and establishing of the model of respiration rates of cherry-tomatoes.
Compares of respiration rates were made between static cherry-tomatoes and vibrated ones and effects of vibration were analyzed. Moreover changes of physiological parameters, such as weight-loss rates, rigidity, acidity, were measured in order to confirm the decline of quality and loss of weight that vibration brought to cherry-tomatoes. Temperatures and humidity in packages with static and vibrated cherry-tomatoes were measured through temperatures and humidity sensors and supervising instruments to analyze respiration of cherry-tomatoes in different condition in order to provide more theory for modified atmosphere.
According to tests results, parameters of models of cherry-tomatoes were worked out using SAS analysis software. On the basis of parameters, respirations of static cherry-tomato were calculated. And ratio between static cherry-tomato and vibrated ones were worked out. Models including M-M model, multinomial model and exponential model were established and adjustfied according to test results.
引文
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[26]刘明池,陈杭,小岛孝之.不同土壤水分条件下草莓果实在模拟贮运中的损伤易感性[J].果树学报,2005,22(3):238-242
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[2] Lee D S, Haggar P E, Lee J, et al. Model for fresh produce respiration in modified atmospheres based on principles of enzyme kinetics[J].Journal of Food Science,1991,56:1580-1585.
[3]肖功年,张敏,汤坚.气调包装条件下草莓、平菇呼吸特性变化规律[J].无锡轻工大学学报,2003,22(5):25-33
[4]徐凤彩主编.酶工程[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001.2.16-24
[5] Peppelenbos H W, van't Leven J, van Zwol B H. The influence of O2 and CO2 on the quality of fresh mushroom [A]. Proceedings of the 6th international controlled atmosphere research conference. Ithaca, 1993:746-758.
[6] Hayakawa K, Henig Y S, Gilbrt S G. Formula for prediction gas exchange of fresh produce in polymeric film package [J]. Journal of Food Science, 1975, 40(2):1862191.
[7] Cameron A C, Boylan P W, Lee J. Design of modified atmosphere packaging system: modeling oxygen concentrations within sealed packages of tomato fruits [J]. Journal of Food Science, 1989, 54:1413.
[8] Makino Y., Iwasaki K., Hirata T. Oxygen consumption model for fresh produce on the basis of adsorption theory [J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineering, 1996, 39(3):106721073.
[9] Segall I, Scanlon M G. Design and analysis of a modified atmosphere package for minimally processed romaine lettuce [J]. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 1996, 21(4):7222729.
[11]沈莲清,黄光荣,沈报恩.果蔬呼吸反应动力学研究进展及其在MAP保鲜中的应用[J].浙江大学学报,2005,31(6):671-676
[12]卢立新.果蔬气调保鲜包装数学模型[J].机电信息,2005(6):25-27
[13]Kader A A, Zagory D, Kerbel E L. Modified atmosphere packaging of fruits and vegetables[J]. CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 1989, 28:1-30
[14]武维华主编.植物生物学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.4
[15]张子德主编.果蔬贮运学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002.9
[16]应铁进.果蔬贮运学[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2001.12
[17]李君兰.草莓的贮藏分级包装运输[J].北方园艺,2004(1):72-73
[18]张琳,张蕾.水蜜桃的运输包装技术浅析[J].中国包装,2005(4):78-80
[19]张瑞宇.水蜜桃果实生理特征及其运输包装设计探讨[J].包装工程,2003,24(4):69-71
[20]张琳,张蕾.油桃缓冲包装的研究[J].包装工程,2005,26(6):16-24
[21]孙骊,吴竞爽,仇农学,等.苹果振动损伤的规律及其评价[J].西北农业大学学报,1994,22(1):78-83
[22]陈萃仁,崔绍荣,方利军,等.草莓果实振动损伤的预测模型[J].农业工程学报,1997(3):213-216
[23]申琳,生吉萍,罗云波.运输中的机械损伤对贮藏初期苹果活性氧代谢的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,4(5):107-110
[24]孙骊,仇农学,吴竞爽.运输中振动参数对苹果损伤的影响[J].西北农业大学学报,1996,24(3):84-89
[25]陈守江,张德静.机械伤对草莓贮藏期间生理变化的影响[J].保鲜与加工,2006(1):16-17
[26]刘明池,陈杭,小岛孝之.不同土壤水分条件下草莓果实在模拟贮运中的损伤易感性[J].果树学报,2005,22(3):238-242
[27]康维民,肖念新,蔡金星,等.模拟3自由度振动条件下水果运输振动加速度传递率及损伤研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):219-222
[28]侯建设,席玙芳,余挺,等.温度、机械伤和采收期对小白菜的采后生理的影响[J].食品与发酵工业,2002,28(10):40-44
[29]平幼妹,余本农.水果蔬菜的机械损伤以及对冲击和振动载荷的响应[J].包装工程,1999,20(4):10-12,19
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