基于PAC的水轮机调速器开发与研究
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摘要
水轮机调速器作为水轮发电机组的重要控制设备,其性能的好坏将直接影响到电能的质量和机组的安全可靠运行。因此,对水轮机调速器的软件、硬件实现的研究具有极为重要的意义。目前主要有基于单片(板)机、工业控制机(IPC)、可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)、可编程计算机控制器(PCC)等几种类型。本文所做的研究主要是开发基于可编程自动化控制器(Programmable Automation Controller,PAC)的水轮机调速器的控制软件。
本文首先概述了PAC、Wincon8000、I/O模块、VB.NET及WinconSDK API,然后介绍了水轮机微机调速器的总体结构、本文所采用的水轮机微机调速器的结构、微机调节器PID控制算法、基本调节模式及水轮机微机调速器的工作状态等。
然后,本文介绍了基于PAC的水轮机调速器的微机调节器的硬件组成,它将先进的PAC(Wincon8000)引入到水轮机调节领域,作为水轮机调速器的硬件核心,利用测频模块进行频率测量,利用模拟量模块进行导叶开度反馈、电站水头的输入和接力器控制量输出等,利用开关量模块进行各种指令的接收和状态输出等。
在PAC及Windows CE.NET平台基础上,本文对采用VB.NET编程开发的基于PAC的水轮机调速器的软件系统进行了详细说明。首先创建项目,根据调速器要实现的控制功能,设计与程序对应的界面。程序编写过程是:首先定义变量,然后根据Wincon8000配套的I/O模块采集的频率、开度、水头等信号和接收到的指令信号,进行机组运行状态标志的判断,调用开机、空载、负载、调相、甩负荷、停机等子程序,每个子程序选择对应的调节模式和PID调节规律、参数,得出控制量。
在本软件通过TCP/IP或者ActiveSync的方式下载到PAC(Wincon8000)上以后,将基于PAC的水轮机调速器与水轮机调节系统综合仿真测试系统进行对接,对本软件进行了仿真。仿真结果表明本软件能实现水轮机调速器的相关功能。
最后,本文对采用不同的电/机转换装置,以PAC为硬件核心,构成的不同的水轮机调速器的微机调节器硬件及软件系统进行了探讨。
Hydraulic turbine governor is an important controlling device of hydroelectric generating unit. Its performance will influence the electric power quality and hydroelectric generating unit's safe and reliable operation directly. Therefore,it has important significance to research the hardware and software of hydraulic turbine governor. At present,there mainly are hydraulic turbine governor based on single chip microcomputer, Industrial Personal Computer,Programmable Logic Controller,Programmable Computer Controller and so on. The thesis' main research is to develop the control software of the hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC.
Firstly,it introduces the PAC,Wincon8000,I/O modules, VB .NET and WinconSDK API.Then,it introduces the general structure of hydraulic turbine governor and the used structure of hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC developed by the thesis,PID algorithm,basic regulation models and the working state of hydraulic turbine governor.
Then,the hardware components of the hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC is introduced. Adanced Programmable Automation Controller Wincon8000 is brought into the turbine regulation field as the core hardware of hydraulic turbine governor by the thesis. It will measure frequency with frequency module. It will transfer the guide vane opening, control output of the servomotor and the water head input of hydropower station with analog module. It will receive commands and transfer state output with digital module.
On the basis of PAC and Windows CE.NET,the software system of the hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC is described in detail. It first creats the project and then designs interfaces correspondence with programs accroding to the desired function of the hydraulic turbine governor. The procedure of the programming is as following. The variables are defined firstly.Then,the running state marks are judged accroding to the frequency,opening,water head signal and received commands obtained by the I/O modules of the Wincon8000.And then,the subprograms of start,noload,load,phrase modulation,load rejection and stop are called. Each subprogram chooses its regulation models,PID regulation laws and parameters and obtains the control outputs.
After the software has been downloaded to the (PAC)Wincon8000 by TCP/IP or ActiveSync,connecting the hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC with hydro-turbine regulative simulation system, the function of the software is tested by simulation. It shows that the software can need the related requirements.
Finally,the hardware and software system of different hydraulic turbine governors,which using PAC as its core hardware, using different electrical to mechanical converting equipments, are discussed.
本文首先概述了PAC、Wincon8000、I/O模块、VB.NET及WinconSDK API,然后介绍了水轮机微机调速器的总体结构、本文所采用的水轮机微机调速器的结构、微机调节器PID控制算法、基本调节模式及水轮机微机调速器的工作状态等。
然后,本文介绍了基于PAC的水轮机调速器的微机调节器的硬件组成,它将先进的PAC(Wincon8000)引入到水轮机调节领域,作为水轮机调速器的硬件核心,利用测频模块进行频率测量,利用模拟量模块进行导叶开度反馈、电站水头的输入和接力器控制量输出等,利用开关量模块进行各种指令的接收和状态输出等。
在PAC及Windows CE.NET平台基础上,本文对采用VB.NET编程开发的基于PAC的水轮机调速器的软件系统进行了详细说明。首先创建项目,根据调速器要实现的控制功能,设计与程序对应的界面。程序编写过程是:首先定义变量,然后根据Wincon8000配套的I/O模块采集的频率、开度、水头等信号和接收到的指令信号,进行机组运行状态标志的判断,调用开机、空载、负载、调相、甩负荷、停机等子程序,每个子程序选择对应的调节模式和PID调节规律、参数,得出控制量。
在本软件通过TCP/IP或者ActiveSync的方式下载到PAC(Wincon8000)上以后,将基于PAC的水轮机调速器与水轮机调节系统综合仿真测试系统进行对接,对本软件进行了仿真。仿真结果表明本软件能实现水轮机调速器的相关功能。
最后,本文对采用不同的电/机转换装置,以PAC为硬件核心,构成的不同的水轮机调速器的微机调节器硬件及软件系统进行了探讨。
Hydraulic turbine governor is an important controlling device of hydroelectric generating unit. Its performance will influence the electric power quality and hydroelectric generating unit's safe and reliable operation directly. Therefore,it has important significance to research the hardware and software of hydraulic turbine governor. At present,there mainly are hydraulic turbine governor based on single chip microcomputer, Industrial Personal Computer,Programmable Logic Controller,Programmable Computer Controller and so on. The thesis' main research is to develop the control software of the hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC.
Firstly,it introduces the PAC,Wincon8000,I/O modules, VB .NET and WinconSDK API.Then,it introduces the general structure of hydraulic turbine governor and the used structure of hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC developed by the thesis,PID algorithm,basic regulation models and the working state of hydraulic turbine governor.
Then,the hardware components of the hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC is introduced. Adanced Programmable Automation Controller Wincon8000 is brought into the turbine regulation field as the core hardware of hydraulic turbine governor by the thesis. It will measure frequency with frequency module. It will transfer the guide vane opening, control output of the servomotor and the water head input of hydropower station with analog module. It will receive commands and transfer state output with digital module.
On the basis of PAC and Windows CE.NET,the software system of the hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC is described in detail. It first creats the project and then designs interfaces correspondence with programs accroding to the desired function of the hydraulic turbine governor. The procedure of the programming is as following. The variables are defined firstly.Then,the running state marks are judged accroding to the frequency,opening,water head signal and received commands obtained by the I/O modules of the Wincon8000.And then,the subprograms of start,noload,load,phrase modulation,load rejection and stop are called. Each subprogram chooses its regulation models,PID regulation laws and parameters and obtains the control outputs.
After the software has been downloaded to the (PAC)Wincon8000 by TCP/IP or ActiveSync,connecting the hydraulic turbine governor based on PAC with hydro-turbine regulative simulation system, the function of the software is tested by simulation. It shows that the software can need the related requirements.
Finally,the hardware and software system of different hydraulic turbine governors,which using PAC as its core hardware, using different electrical to mechanical converting equipments, are discussed.
引文
[1]沈祖诒.水轮机调节[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1997
[2]魏守平.现代水轮机调节技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.1
[3]魏守平.水轮机控制工程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005.7
[4]南海鹏.水轮发电机组PCC控制[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002.8
[5]李光辉,余波,樊玉新,吉雷.基于可编程自动化控制器的水轮机调速器初探[J].水力发电,2007,33(2):60-62
[6]王玲花,高胜建,陈德新,沈祖诒.水轮机调速器研究综述[J].人民黄河,2001.3
[7]泓格科技 工业自动化产品选型目录 Vol.0704
[8]泓格科技 Catalog 2007 Vol.0827
[9]王小川.PAC—先进的可编程自动化控制器[J].PLC & FA,2005.4
[10]叶宏材,陈峙柟.Windows CE.NET嵌入式工业用控制器及其自动控制系统设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.2
[11]唐树才.Visual Basic.NET程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.7
[12]刘炳文.精通Visual Basic.NET中文版[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1
[13]李强等.Visual Basic.NET精彩编程百例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[14]黄明等.Visual Basic.NET信息系统设计与开发实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.2
[15]超维度工作室.Visual Basic.NET Win32 API大全[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.9
[16]陶永华.新型PID控制系统及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.9
[17]张新龙,曾继伦.基于PCC抽水蓄能机组调速器[J].水电厂自动化,2006.3
[18]田少强.水轮机调速器的控制软件在PCC上的实现:[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2005.3
[19]中国水利水电科学研究院自动化所.WT/ZT-XX(CVT/ST-XX)数字式水轮机调速器原理与使用说明(第七版),2003.1
[20]IEEE Working Group Report.Hydraulic turbine and turbine control models for system dynamic studies.IEEE Trans PWRS 1992,7(1):167-179
[21]Lu Q,Sun C,Sun Y.nonlinear governor control for hydroturbine generator sets.Proceedings of IEEE TENCON'93,Beijing,1993
[22]Lu Q,Felix F.Wu,Hiroo Konishi,etc..Nonlinear decentralized robust governor control for hydroturbine-generator sets in multi-machine power systems.Electrical Power and Energy Systems 26(2004)333-339
[23]叶宏材.VB.NET在WinCon-8000中的灵活运用[J].PLC & FA,2004.8
[24]中国国家质量监督检验检疫局.GB/T9652.1-1997水轮机调速器与油压装置技术条件.北京:中国标准出版社,1997
[25]中国国家经济贸易委员会.DL/T507—2002水轮发电机组启动试验规程.北京:中国电力工业出版社,2002
[26]中华人民共和国标准《水轮机调速器与油压装置试验验收规程》GB/T 9652.2-1997
[27]中华人民共和国标准《水轮机调速器与油压装置术语》GB 10967-1989
[2]魏守平.现代水轮机调节技术[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002.1
[3]魏守平.水轮机控制工程[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005.7
[4]南海鹏.水轮发电机组PCC控制[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2002.8
[5]李光辉,余波,樊玉新,吉雷.基于可编程自动化控制器的水轮机调速器初探[J].水力发电,2007,33(2):60-62
[6]王玲花,高胜建,陈德新,沈祖诒.水轮机调速器研究综述[J].人民黄河,2001.3
[7]泓格科技 工业自动化产品选型目录 Vol.0704
[8]泓格科技 Catalog 2007 Vol.0827
[9]王小川.PAC—先进的可编程自动化控制器[J].PLC & FA,2005.4
[10]叶宏材,陈峙柟.Windows CE.NET嵌入式工业用控制器及其自动控制系统设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.2
[11]唐树才.Visual Basic.NET程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.7
[12]刘炳文.精通Visual Basic.NET中文版[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.1
[13]李强等.Visual Basic.NET精彩编程百例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004
[14]黄明等.Visual Basic.NET信息系统设计与开发实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.2
[15]超维度工作室.Visual Basic.NET Win32 API大全[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.9
[16]陶永华.新型PID控制系统及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.9
[17]张新龙,曾继伦.基于PCC抽水蓄能机组调速器[J].水电厂自动化,2006.3
[18]田少强.水轮机调速器的控制软件在PCC上的实现:[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学,2005.3
[19]中国水利水电科学研究院自动化所.WT/ZT-XX(CVT/ST-XX)数字式水轮机调速器原理与使用说明(第七版),2003.1
[20]IEEE Working Group Report.Hydraulic turbine and turbine control models for system dynamic studies.IEEE Trans PWRS 1992,7(1):167-179
[21]Lu Q,Sun C,Sun Y.nonlinear governor control for hydroturbine generator sets.Proceedings of IEEE TENCON'93,Beijing,1993
[22]Lu Q,Felix F.Wu,Hiroo Konishi,etc..Nonlinear decentralized robust governor control for hydroturbine-generator sets in multi-machine power systems.Electrical Power and Energy Systems 26(2004)333-339
[23]叶宏材.VB.NET在WinCon-8000中的灵活运用[J].PLC & FA,2004.8
[24]中国国家质量监督检验检疫局.GB/T9652.1-1997水轮机调速器与油压装置技术条件.北京:中国标准出版社,1997
[25]中国国家经济贸易委员会.DL/T507—2002水轮发电机组启动试验规程.北京:中国电力工业出版社,2002
[26]中华人民共和国标准《水轮机调速器与油压装置试验验收规程》GB/T 9652.2-1997
[27]中华人民共和国标准《水轮机调速器与油压装置术语》GB 10967-1989