风电机组系统分析关键技术研究及应用
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摘要
我国的风能资源十分丰富,风力发电产业发展迅速,迫切需要提高国产风力发电装备的设计和制造能力。但是风力发电机组系统设计的关键技术和系统关键零部件制造与国际先进水平还有很大差距,对风电机组系统设计技术的研究也较薄弱,成为制约我国风力发电装备国产化的瓶颈。论文得到重庆市重点科技攻关项目“风电机组系统设计关键技术”的支持,对风力发电机组系统分析的关键技术进行了深入研究,研究的主要内容是:
①针对风力发电机组目前常用的空气动力学计算理论——叶素动量理论(BEW理论)不能考虑由空气质量引起的风速滞后效应的缺陷,在分析比较了直升机旋翼和风力发电机组风轮的差异基础上,根据风轮自身特点,将用于直升机悬翼空气动力学计算的动态入流理论(GDW理论)进行了修正,使之适用于风力发电机组的空气动力学分析计算,并提出了基于GDW理论的风轮空气动力学计算方法。
②对风力发电机组典型的传动系统设计类型进行系统研究的基础上,提出了包括系统设计、售后服务、尺寸及质量、安装、成本等在内的风电机组传动系统设计的定性评价指标,结合非线性传动系统模型的定量分析结果,构成了风电机组传动系统结构的评价体系。
③用修正的GDW理论建立了风力发电机组空气动力学分析模型,同时将联合仿真技术引入风电机组结构动力学分析中,该方法考虑了风电机组结构的气弹性问题,将Matlab计算的气动力和用ADAMS计算的结构变形相互耦合,建立了风力发电机组结构动力学的联合仿真分析模型。
④采用风力发电机组联合仿真分析模型,将联合仿真分析技术应用于某失速型600kW风力发电机系统性能仿真分析中。对风力发电机组进行了气动性能分析,分析结果与GH Bladed比较,两者结果非常接近,这验证了联合仿真分析模型的正确性。该分析方法考虑到了风电机组结构的气弹耦合效应,仿真情况更接近于实际风力发电机组的工作情况,提高了计算精度。
⑤针对当前风电机组向大功率、高效率、高可靠性方向发展的趋势,在行星齿轮传动的基础上,研究了一种大功率风电机组新型液力变速控制传动系统。这种新型的传动系统应用了行星齿轮传动和导叶可调式液力变矩器的组合,通过导叶可调式液力变矩器对系统进行变速控制,其精度高,响应速度快,超调量小,实现了变速输入、恒速输出,达到发电机功率恒定的目的,从而减小并网时对电网的冲击。并且建立了仿真分析模型,利用ADAMS和MATLAB/SIMULINK软件对该系统的性能进行了动态仿真分析。
⑥根据德国船级社制定的风电机组设计规范(GL标准)对关键零部件结构分析的要求,通过风力发电机组结构动力学的联合仿真分析,得到各种典型风况下的载荷,研究了单元类型及边界条件,建立其有限元模型,并采用MSC公司的有限元分析软件对风力发电机组的关键零部件风轮轮毂、主轴以及主轴与轮毂的螺柱联接进行了结构强度分析。
There has plenty of wind energy in china, the industry of Wind Turbine is devel-oped very rapidly, and the manufacturing capacity of wind generator equipment must be improved. However, there has very difference between china and the word that the technology of system design and the manufacturing capacity of key parts, furthermore, the research on system design technology to Wind Turbine is very weakness, which is the bottleneck to restrict the home production of Wind Turbine equipment. This research gained the support from the intensive scientific and technological item of ChongQing city. The item's name is "The Key Technology of System Design for Wind Turbine". This paper has deeply researched the key technology of Wind Turbine system analysis, the primary content is:
①Based on the study on the typical styles of Wind Turbine drive system design, the qualitative evaluating indicators to Wind Turbine transmission system were put forword, which include the system design, service and maintenance, quality and size, installation and cost, combined with the quantitative analysis result of Non-linear model of transmission, formed the evaluation system to the structure of Wind Turbine trans-mission system.
②The aerodynamic theories are in common use to the modeling and analysis of Wind Turbines, the usual methods used is bladed element theory (BEM theory), which cannot take the time lag into consideration caused by the air quality. Aiming at the shortcoming of BEM theory, the theories applied to the aerodynamics of helicopter (called GDW theory), which is modified based on the rotor characteristics after studying the difference between the wind rotor and helicopter rotor. Sequentially, the GDW theory is introduced to calculate the rotor aerodynamics. The calculation methods for rotor aerodynamics are put forward based on the GDW theory.
③The analyzed model for Wind Turbine aerodynamics are set up based on the GDW theory, in the meantime, the combine simulation technology is applied on struc-tural dynamics of Wind Turbine, which can take the coupling into consideration, and the method take the coupling relation between the rotor structure transmutation by ADMAS and aerodynamic load by MATLAB, sequentially, the combined simulation model is established on structural dynamics of Wind Turbine. The result shows that the simula-tion is more close to the work condition, and which can improve the precision of calcu- lation.
④The combine simulation technology is applied on system performance simula-tion of 600kW Wind Turbine, which based on the combined simulation model of Wind Turbine. Aiming at the wind standard that defined by the IEC regulation, the perform-ance analysis was actualized to 600kW Wind Turbine, at the same time, the analytic re-sults are compared to the results calculated by GH Bladed. The comparison shows that the results are very contiguous, which validated the correctness of the combine simula-tion model of Wind Turbine. The analytic technique takes the coupling relation into consideration, so the simulation is more close to the work condition of the Wind Tur-bine.
⑤Aiming at the tendency of Wind Turbine toward the large power, high efficiency and reliability direction at present, a new-style drive train for Wind Turbines with large capacity is proposed that based on the a planetary transmission system. In the process of modeling and analysis to this transmission system, the dynamic simulation has made that utilizes the software platform of ADAMS and MATLAB/SIMULINK, and per-formance analysis is put up to the drive control system. The new-style drive train sys-tem uses the adjustable torque converter of the reactor blade which is fixed to the servo generator, which has the characteristic of rapidness to response speed, highness to pre-cision and smallness to adjusted quantum. The purpose for variable speed input and constant speed output is realized by controlling the rotation angle of ball screw of the adjusting mechanism of the reactor blade which is fixed to servo generator; conse-quently, the concussion is reduced to the power line.
⑥The characteristic and demand of structure analysis were bring forward for key components of Wind Turbine, according to a Wind Turbine needs of manufacturing en-terprises, the structural strength and analysis has made to principal axis and wheel hub of MW Wind Turbine, in the establishment of the spindle and wheel contact strength on the basis of analysis model, with the main focus of the wheel stud connected parts of the connection strength for analysis.On this basis, the structure of the principal axis and wheel hub was optimized, which realized the purpose of weight reduction and cost re-duction.
①针对风力发电机组目前常用的空气动力学计算理论——叶素动量理论(BEW理论)不能考虑由空气质量引起的风速滞后效应的缺陷,在分析比较了直升机旋翼和风力发电机组风轮的差异基础上,根据风轮自身特点,将用于直升机悬翼空气动力学计算的动态入流理论(GDW理论)进行了修正,使之适用于风力发电机组的空气动力学分析计算,并提出了基于GDW理论的风轮空气动力学计算方法。
②对风力发电机组典型的传动系统设计类型进行系统研究的基础上,提出了包括系统设计、售后服务、尺寸及质量、安装、成本等在内的风电机组传动系统设计的定性评价指标,结合非线性传动系统模型的定量分析结果,构成了风电机组传动系统结构的评价体系。
③用修正的GDW理论建立了风力发电机组空气动力学分析模型,同时将联合仿真技术引入风电机组结构动力学分析中,该方法考虑了风电机组结构的气弹性问题,将Matlab计算的气动力和用ADAMS计算的结构变形相互耦合,建立了风力发电机组结构动力学的联合仿真分析模型。
④采用风力发电机组联合仿真分析模型,将联合仿真分析技术应用于某失速型600kW风力发电机系统性能仿真分析中。对风力发电机组进行了气动性能分析,分析结果与GH Bladed比较,两者结果非常接近,这验证了联合仿真分析模型的正确性。该分析方法考虑到了风电机组结构的气弹耦合效应,仿真情况更接近于实际风力发电机组的工作情况,提高了计算精度。
⑤针对当前风电机组向大功率、高效率、高可靠性方向发展的趋势,在行星齿轮传动的基础上,研究了一种大功率风电机组新型液力变速控制传动系统。这种新型的传动系统应用了行星齿轮传动和导叶可调式液力变矩器的组合,通过导叶可调式液力变矩器对系统进行变速控制,其精度高,响应速度快,超调量小,实现了变速输入、恒速输出,达到发电机功率恒定的目的,从而减小并网时对电网的冲击。并且建立了仿真分析模型,利用ADAMS和MATLAB/SIMULINK软件对该系统的性能进行了动态仿真分析。
⑥根据德国船级社制定的风电机组设计规范(GL标准)对关键零部件结构分析的要求,通过风力发电机组结构动力学的联合仿真分析,得到各种典型风况下的载荷,研究了单元类型及边界条件,建立其有限元模型,并采用MSC公司的有限元分析软件对风力发电机组的关键零部件风轮轮毂、主轴以及主轴与轮毂的螺柱联接进行了结构强度分析。
There has plenty of wind energy in china, the industry of Wind Turbine is devel-oped very rapidly, and the manufacturing capacity of wind generator equipment must be improved. However, there has very difference between china and the word that the technology of system design and the manufacturing capacity of key parts, furthermore, the research on system design technology to Wind Turbine is very weakness, which is the bottleneck to restrict the home production of Wind Turbine equipment. This research gained the support from the intensive scientific and technological item of ChongQing city. The item's name is "The Key Technology of System Design for Wind Turbine". This paper has deeply researched the key technology of Wind Turbine system analysis, the primary content is:
①Based on the study on the typical styles of Wind Turbine drive system design, the qualitative evaluating indicators to Wind Turbine transmission system were put forword, which include the system design, service and maintenance, quality and size, installation and cost, combined with the quantitative analysis result of Non-linear model of transmission, formed the evaluation system to the structure of Wind Turbine trans-mission system.
②The aerodynamic theories are in common use to the modeling and analysis of Wind Turbines, the usual methods used is bladed element theory (BEM theory), which cannot take the time lag into consideration caused by the air quality. Aiming at the shortcoming of BEM theory, the theories applied to the aerodynamics of helicopter (called GDW theory), which is modified based on the rotor characteristics after studying the difference between the wind rotor and helicopter rotor. Sequentially, the GDW theory is introduced to calculate the rotor aerodynamics. The calculation methods for rotor aerodynamics are put forward based on the GDW theory.
③The analyzed model for Wind Turbine aerodynamics are set up based on the GDW theory, in the meantime, the combine simulation technology is applied on struc-tural dynamics of Wind Turbine, which can take the coupling into consideration, and the method take the coupling relation between the rotor structure transmutation by ADMAS and aerodynamic load by MATLAB, sequentially, the combined simulation model is established on structural dynamics of Wind Turbine. The result shows that the simula-tion is more close to the work condition, and which can improve the precision of calcu- lation.
④The combine simulation technology is applied on system performance simula-tion of 600kW Wind Turbine, which based on the combined simulation model of Wind Turbine. Aiming at the wind standard that defined by the IEC regulation, the perform-ance analysis was actualized to 600kW Wind Turbine, at the same time, the analytic re-sults are compared to the results calculated by GH Bladed. The comparison shows that the results are very contiguous, which validated the correctness of the combine simula-tion model of Wind Turbine. The analytic technique takes the coupling relation into consideration, so the simulation is more close to the work condition of the Wind Tur-bine.
⑤Aiming at the tendency of Wind Turbine toward the large power, high efficiency and reliability direction at present, a new-style drive train for Wind Turbines with large capacity is proposed that based on the a planetary transmission system. In the process of modeling and analysis to this transmission system, the dynamic simulation has made that utilizes the software platform of ADAMS and MATLAB/SIMULINK, and per-formance analysis is put up to the drive control system. The new-style drive train sys-tem uses the adjustable torque converter of the reactor blade which is fixed to the servo generator, which has the characteristic of rapidness to response speed, highness to pre-cision and smallness to adjusted quantum. The purpose for variable speed input and constant speed output is realized by controlling the rotation angle of ball screw of the adjusting mechanism of the reactor blade which is fixed to servo generator; conse-quently, the concussion is reduced to the power line.
⑥The characteristic and demand of structure analysis were bring forward for key components of Wind Turbine, according to a Wind Turbine needs of manufacturing en-terprises, the structural strength and analysis has made to principal axis and wheel hub of MW Wind Turbine, in the establishment of the spindle and wheel contact strength on the basis of analysis model, with the main focus of the wheel stud connected parts of the connection strength for analysis.On this basis, the structure of the principal axis and wheel hub was optimized, which realized the purpose of weight reduction and cost re-duction.
引文
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