制造企业物流外包机理及模式研究
摘要
制造业是我国经济发展的支柱产业,对经济发展起着至关重要的作用。竞争环境的改变促使我国制造企业必须集中优势要素和改变原有运作模式才能与之相适应。物流服务是制造企业生产服务的重要组成部分,物流业务外包在90年代末引起政府和企业的高度关注,压力主要来自我国企业在经济发展过程中面临巨大的物流成本,重要原因是部分制造企业对物流运营存在模式选择模糊及利益分配的矛盾等,造成物流决策的失误；同时专业化物流企业承接物流服务的能力不能满足制造企业的物流需求。最终表现为制造企业物流服务需求没有转化为社会化的需求,而专业物流企业的发展也受到制约。
论文以制造企业物流外包机理及运作模式为研究对象,阐述物流外包作为供应链管理环境下企业物流资源配置的一种新形式,通过经济契约的方式将其物流业务委托于专业的物流公司,并与其建立起长期的、互利共赢的增值运作模式,制造企业则可以集中精力打造自身的核心能力。
论文采用实证研究与规范研究,定量分析与定性分析相结合的研究方法展开。首先通过调研和文献综述分析出物流外包理论的发展路径及研究趋势,从经济学理论的角度识别了物流外包组织形态及其存在的必然性和稳定性,分析了物流业务外包的形成机理和实现条件、提出了制造企业物流外包价值网络理论框架及运作模式。同时结合实证企业进行了应用和分析,进而对我国制造企业物流外包提供决策依据和方法指导。
论文既有理论的创新,也有方法的创新,具体工作及成果如下：
(1)阐述物流外包作为一种中间组织行为,与简单的市场购买行为及企业物流子公司内部一体化的区别。将中间组织理论应用于定义物流外包,即基于契约的物流服务需求方和供给方之间非股权关系的战略合作行为,其合作过程以满足物流服务需求为目的,同时以实现双方共赢为目标。
(2)从物流外包价值链升级、物流服务系统创新和物流服务工程化建设三个方面提出了物流外包的实现条件,体现为物流外包的治理机制、物流服务系统创新的技术创新和非技术创新两种形式、以及物流服务工程化内容。
(3)构建物流外包价值网络理论框架,包括物流外包价值网络构成要素和基本特征。研究了制造企业物流外包价值网的影响要素和设计要素,其中影响要素包括物流市场集中度、物流市场进入壁垒和物流服务需求差异化；设计要素包括战略及价值定位、稳定的联系及契约、实施条件及技术基础。
(4)在制造企业物流外包价值网络运作模式的利益分配方面,结合Shapley模型对物流外包价值网成员的利益分配方法,从资产投入能力、风险承担能力和创新能力因素考虑引入影响因子对算法进行修正,为物流外包价值网的应用提供方法指导。
Manufacturing is a pillar industry in China, which plays a vital role in the economy. Manufacturing enterprises must focus on the elements of competitive advantage and change the model of management, in order to adapt to the environment. Logistics service is an important part of the manufacture service, which is the key to enhance the core competitiveness. Logistics outsourcing was valued by the end of1990s. One important reason is causde by tremendous pressure from logistics cost. Some manufacturers are ambiguity for logistics outsourcing, and do not know how to choose the model of outsourcing. At the same time, the professional logistics enterprises undertook the traditional logistics service, which can not meet the demand from the manufactures.
Logistics outsourcing, as a form of business outsourcing, is a new form of logistics resource allocation. The manufacturing enterprises can concentrate on their core competitiveness by entrusting the logistics company. Logistics outsourcing is a long-term strategy, mutual penetration and mutual benefit. Logistics outsourcing is a necessary path to improve the enterprises'core competitiveness.
The dissertation conducts the research by combining demonstration research with normative research, quantitative research with qualitative research. Firstly, finding out the problem and identifying the logistics outsourcing organizations from the view of economical theory, in the meanwhile, analyzing the mechanism of logistics outsourcing and proposing the conditions of implementing outsourcing. The dissertation proposes the concept of the value net of logistics outsourcing and the model of the value net.
The dissertation has the logistics service innovation both on theory and practice. The dissertation has some creative works and conclusions as follows:
(1) Carilify the difference between logistics outsourcing as an intermediate behavior, and simple market, but also a logistics subsidiary company. Logistics outsourcing is defined from organization theory that it is a strategic cooperative behavior based on contract between the demand and the supply. The purposes are meeting the demand for logistics demand and achieving win-win situation.
(2) Propose the implementation conditions, such as upgrading the value chain of logistics outsourcing, logistics services system innovation and logistics services project construction, embodied in the governance of logistics outsourcing, technical innovation and non-technological innovation,the main elements of the construction.
(3) Construct the theoretical framework of the value network of logistics outsourcing, including the elements and the characteristics. Study the elements of driving and designing. The driving elements include market concentration, entry barriers and the different demand for logistics services. The designing elements include strategic and value orientation, stable contacts, and technology conditions.
(4) Establish the method of benefit distribution. Combined with the Shapley model, drive the factors including the capacity of investment, risk and innovation into the model.
论文以制造企业物流外包机理及运作模式为研究对象,阐述物流外包作为供应链管理环境下企业物流资源配置的一种新形式,通过经济契约的方式将其物流业务委托于专业的物流公司,并与其建立起长期的、互利共赢的增值运作模式,制造企业则可以集中精力打造自身的核心能力。
论文采用实证研究与规范研究,定量分析与定性分析相结合的研究方法展开。首先通过调研和文献综述分析出物流外包理论的发展路径及研究趋势,从经济学理论的角度识别了物流外包组织形态及其存在的必然性和稳定性,分析了物流业务外包的形成机理和实现条件、提出了制造企业物流外包价值网络理论框架及运作模式。同时结合实证企业进行了应用和分析,进而对我国制造企业物流外包提供决策依据和方法指导。
论文既有理论的创新,也有方法的创新,具体工作及成果如下：
(1)阐述物流外包作为一种中间组织行为,与简单的市场购买行为及企业物流子公司内部一体化的区别。将中间组织理论应用于定义物流外包,即基于契约的物流服务需求方和供给方之间非股权关系的战略合作行为,其合作过程以满足物流服务需求为目的,同时以实现双方共赢为目标。
(2)从物流外包价值链升级、物流服务系统创新和物流服务工程化建设三个方面提出了物流外包的实现条件,体现为物流外包的治理机制、物流服务系统创新的技术创新和非技术创新两种形式、以及物流服务工程化内容。
(3)构建物流外包价值网络理论框架,包括物流外包价值网络构成要素和基本特征。研究了制造企业物流外包价值网的影响要素和设计要素,其中影响要素包括物流市场集中度、物流市场进入壁垒和物流服务需求差异化；设计要素包括战略及价值定位、稳定的联系及契约、实施条件及技术基础。
(4)在制造企业物流外包价值网络运作模式的利益分配方面,结合Shapley模型对物流外包价值网成员的利益分配方法,从资产投入能力、风险承担能力和创新能力因素考虑引入影响因子对算法进行修正,为物流外包价值网的应用提供方法指导。
Manufacturing is a pillar industry in China, which plays a vital role in the economy. Manufacturing enterprises must focus on the elements of competitive advantage and change the model of management, in order to adapt to the environment. Logistics service is an important part of the manufacture service, which is the key to enhance the core competitiveness. Logistics outsourcing was valued by the end of1990s. One important reason is causde by tremendous pressure from logistics cost. Some manufacturers are ambiguity for logistics outsourcing, and do not know how to choose the model of outsourcing. At the same time, the professional logistics enterprises undertook the traditional logistics service, which can not meet the demand from the manufactures.
Logistics outsourcing, as a form of business outsourcing, is a new form of logistics resource allocation. The manufacturing enterprises can concentrate on their core competitiveness by entrusting the logistics company. Logistics outsourcing is a long-term strategy, mutual penetration and mutual benefit. Logistics outsourcing is a necessary path to improve the enterprises'core competitiveness.
The dissertation conducts the research by combining demonstration research with normative research, quantitative research with qualitative research. Firstly, finding out the problem and identifying the logistics outsourcing organizations from the view of economical theory, in the meanwhile, analyzing the mechanism of logistics outsourcing and proposing the conditions of implementing outsourcing. The dissertation proposes the concept of the value net of logistics outsourcing and the model of the value net.
The dissertation has the logistics service innovation both on theory and practice. The dissertation has some creative works and conclusions as follows:
(1) Carilify the difference between logistics outsourcing as an intermediate behavior, and simple market, but also a logistics subsidiary company. Logistics outsourcing is defined from organization theory that it is a strategic cooperative behavior based on contract between the demand and the supply. The purposes are meeting the demand for logistics demand and achieving win-win situation.
(2) Propose the implementation conditions, such as upgrading the value chain of logistics outsourcing, logistics services system innovation and logistics services project construction, embodied in the governance of logistics outsourcing, technical innovation and non-technological innovation,the main elements of the construction.
(3) Construct the theoretical framework of the value network of logistics outsourcing, including the elements and the characteristics. Study the elements of driving and designing. The driving elements include market concentration, entry barriers and the different demand for logistics services. The designing elements include strategic and value orientation, stable contacts, and technology conditions.
(4) Establish the method of benefit distribution. Combined with the Shapley model, drive the factors including the capacity of investment, risk and innovation into the model.
引文
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