“两型社会”建设中企业环境行为及其激励机理研究
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摘要
目前,我国已经在国家战略层面把建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会放在了工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置。企业传统的生产方式导致了环境污染和资源枯竭,这类过度利用环境的高耗能、高排放、高污染生产模式严重地制约着人类经济社会发展的可持续性。因此,企业的参与主动性(或者说企业的环境行为)是建设资源节约型环境友好型社会的重要保障,对企业在“两型社会”建设中的行为及参与模式、动力及制约因素进行实证研究,并进行深入的理论分析,从而探讨激励企业参与“两型社会”建设的途径,对推动“两型社会”建设具有重要意义。本文的研究即是为了弥补以往相关研究中对微观主体——企业环境行为和激励机理的研究的不足,系统深入研究在“两型社会”建设中企业环境行为的驱动因素、驱动力、激励机制和环境行为评价。具体来说,本文研究的主要内容为：
(1)企业的环境行为驱动力研究。在对企业环境行为进行界定的基础上,根据企业环境行为的研究现状对企业环境行为的影响因素进行识别和表征,综合提出,从制度驱动因素、企业战略驱动因素、企业社会责任驱动因素及组织能力驱动因素四个方面探讨研究企业环境行为的驱动力,并剖析了四类驱动力的驱动机理,分析了每类驱动力的驱动因素构成。最后,建立企业环境行为驱动因素研究的整合性架构,形成一个集成的概念模型来解释各种驱动因素与企业环境行为之间的关系。
(2)建设“两型社会”中企业环境行为驱动因素的实证研究。根据企业环境行为的界定、对驱动企业环境行为的四类关键因素分析和企业环境行为的整合性架构研究,开发设计了企业环境行为的调查量表。选取长沙、株州、湘潭的近200余家企业为调查对象,发放调查表格,获得资料与数据,构建企业环境行为驱动力、企业环境行为实践与企业环境行为绩效的理论研究概念模型,提出了21个研究假设,并采用主成份分析和结构方程模型(Structural EquationModeling, SEM)的方法,提取主因子并验证理论假设和概念模型的正确性,分析不同的驱动因子对企业环境行为的作用路径和效果以及企业环境行为对企业绩效的影响。
(3)企业环境行为激励机理研究。在分析企业环境行为中各主体间的博弈行为的基础上,借鉴经济学激励理论与心理学激励理论,整合企业环境行为各种动力因素,构建符合企业环境行为主体特征的,将经济模型构建与企业主体认知历程描述两者结合起来的企业环境行为整体激励模型架构,探索了企业环境行为的激励模式和机理。
(4)企业环境行为的评估。从企业环境行为综合评价作为一种环境行为激励机制的角度,初步提出了企业环境行为评价指标体系,对这些指标的测度方法进行了分析和研究,并提出了企业环境行为的综合评价模型。
At present, our country has put the construction of a resource-conserving and environmentally-friendly society into the strategic position of industrialization and modernization. The traditional operation way of enterprises has caused environmental pollution and resource exhaustion. It overused the environment and resulted in high energy-consumption, high emission and high pollution, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of economy and society. Thus, the active participation (or the environmental behavior) of enterprises is of great significance in the construction of a resource-conserving and environmentally-friendly society. It is also of great importance to find the right way to inspire enterprises to participate in the construction of a "two-oriented society" through the research into enterprises'behaviors, methods, motivation and restraining factors and related theoretical analysis. This article is aimed at researches into the microcosmic main body, the environmental behavior and motivation mechanism of enterprises. It will systematically look into the driving factors, driving forces, incentive mechanism and evaluation of enterprises'environmental behaviors in the construction of a "two-orient society". Specifically, the article consists of the following contents:
(1)Research into the driving forces of enterprise environmental behavior.
First, the article defines enterprise environmental behavior, and then identifies the effect factors of enterprises'present situations on their environmental behaviors. The driving forces of enterprise environmental behavior are analyzed from four aspects:enterprise system, enterprise strategy, enterprise social responsibility and enterprise organization ability. It also analyses the mechanisms of these four driving forces and the driving factor structure of each driving force. Finally, an overall framework for enterprise environmental behavior driving factors is formed. It is a integrated conceptual model that can be used to explain the relationship between the driving factors and environmental behaviors of enterprises.
(2)Research into the demonstrations of enterprise environmental behavior driving factors in "two-oriented society" construction.
According to the analysis of the four key factors of enterprise environmental behavior and the research into the overall framework of enterprise environmental behavior, the article designs a table for enterprise environmental behavior surveys, forms the driving model of enterprise environmental behavior and puts forward21research propositions. More than200enterprises are chosen from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan for a survey. Investigation forms are handed out and then data are collected and sorted out to form the theoretical assumption and conceptual model of factors that affect enterprise environmental behavior. Principal component analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) are adopted to testify the theoretical assumption and conceptual mode. Then it analyses the affecting ways and effects of each driving force on enterprise environmental behavior as well as the effects of enterprise environmental behavior on enterprise performance.
(3)Research into enterprise environmental behavior motivation mechanism.
On the basis of the above researches as well as the economic and psychological motivation theories, the article integrates all the driving forces of enterprise environmental behavior and forms an overall motivation model by combining the economic model structure and enterprise main body recognition process. It looks into the motivation pattern and mechanism of enterprise environmental behavior.
(4)Enterprise environmental behavior evaluation.
The article treats performance evaluation as a way to motivate enterprise behavior and puts forward a preliminary comprehensive enterprise environmental behavior evaluation index system. It then analyses the evaluation methods of the indexes and puts forward a comprehensive evaluation model for enterprise environmental behavior.
(1)企业的环境行为驱动力研究。在对企业环境行为进行界定的基础上,根据企业环境行为的研究现状对企业环境行为的影响因素进行识别和表征,综合提出,从制度驱动因素、企业战略驱动因素、企业社会责任驱动因素及组织能力驱动因素四个方面探讨研究企业环境行为的驱动力,并剖析了四类驱动力的驱动机理,分析了每类驱动力的驱动因素构成。最后,建立企业环境行为驱动因素研究的整合性架构,形成一个集成的概念模型来解释各种驱动因素与企业环境行为之间的关系。
(2)建设“两型社会”中企业环境行为驱动因素的实证研究。根据企业环境行为的界定、对驱动企业环境行为的四类关键因素分析和企业环境行为的整合性架构研究,开发设计了企业环境行为的调查量表。选取长沙、株州、湘潭的近200余家企业为调查对象,发放调查表格,获得资料与数据,构建企业环境行为驱动力、企业环境行为实践与企业环境行为绩效的理论研究概念模型,提出了21个研究假设,并采用主成份分析和结构方程模型(Structural EquationModeling, SEM)的方法,提取主因子并验证理论假设和概念模型的正确性,分析不同的驱动因子对企业环境行为的作用路径和效果以及企业环境行为对企业绩效的影响。
(3)企业环境行为激励机理研究。在分析企业环境行为中各主体间的博弈行为的基础上,借鉴经济学激励理论与心理学激励理论,整合企业环境行为各种动力因素,构建符合企业环境行为主体特征的,将经济模型构建与企业主体认知历程描述两者结合起来的企业环境行为整体激励模型架构,探索了企业环境行为的激励模式和机理。
(4)企业环境行为的评估。从企业环境行为综合评价作为一种环境行为激励机制的角度,初步提出了企业环境行为评价指标体系,对这些指标的测度方法进行了分析和研究,并提出了企业环境行为的综合评价模型。
At present, our country has put the construction of a resource-conserving and environmentally-friendly society into the strategic position of industrialization and modernization. The traditional operation way of enterprises has caused environmental pollution and resource exhaustion. It overused the environment and resulted in high energy-consumption, high emission and high pollution, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of economy and society. Thus, the active participation (or the environmental behavior) of enterprises is of great significance in the construction of a resource-conserving and environmentally-friendly society. It is also of great importance to find the right way to inspire enterprises to participate in the construction of a "two-oriented society" through the research into enterprises'behaviors, methods, motivation and restraining factors and related theoretical analysis. This article is aimed at researches into the microcosmic main body, the environmental behavior and motivation mechanism of enterprises. It will systematically look into the driving factors, driving forces, incentive mechanism and evaluation of enterprises'environmental behaviors in the construction of a "two-orient society". Specifically, the article consists of the following contents:
(1)Research into the driving forces of enterprise environmental behavior.
First, the article defines enterprise environmental behavior, and then identifies the effect factors of enterprises'present situations on their environmental behaviors. The driving forces of enterprise environmental behavior are analyzed from four aspects:enterprise system, enterprise strategy, enterprise social responsibility and enterprise organization ability. It also analyses the mechanisms of these four driving forces and the driving factor structure of each driving force. Finally, an overall framework for enterprise environmental behavior driving factors is formed. It is a integrated conceptual model that can be used to explain the relationship between the driving factors and environmental behaviors of enterprises.
(2)Research into the demonstrations of enterprise environmental behavior driving factors in "two-oriented society" construction.
According to the analysis of the four key factors of enterprise environmental behavior and the research into the overall framework of enterprise environmental behavior, the article designs a table for enterprise environmental behavior surveys, forms the driving model of enterprise environmental behavior and puts forward21research propositions. More than200enterprises are chosen from Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan for a survey. Investigation forms are handed out and then data are collected and sorted out to form the theoretical assumption and conceptual model of factors that affect enterprise environmental behavior. Principal component analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) are adopted to testify the theoretical assumption and conceptual mode. Then it analyses the affecting ways and effects of each driving force on enterprise environmental behavior as well as the effects of enterprise environmental behavior on enterprise performance.
(3)Research into enterprise environmental behavior motivation mechanism.
On the basis of the above researches as well as the economic and psychological motivation theories, the article integrates all the driving forces of enterprise environmental behavior and forms an overall motivation model by combining the economic model structure and enterprise main body recognition process. It looks into the motivation pattern and mechanism of enterprise environmental behavior.
(4)Enterprise environmental behavior evaluation.
The article treats performance evaluation as a way to motivate enterprise behavior and puts forward a preliminary comprehensive enterprise environmental behavior evaluation index system. It then analyses the evaluation methods of the indexes and puts forward a comprehensive evaluation model for enterprise environmental behavior.
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