户用光伏发电系统控制策略的研究
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摘要
目前,能源危机和环境污染在全球范围内都是引人关注的重大课题,所以世界各国都在寻找一种既能解决能源储量问题,而又不会带来环境污染的绿色能源。太阳能作为新能源的重要组成成员,其最大的特点就是永不枯竭和无污染,所以近年来受到各方的重视得以迅速发展,主要发电形式为光伏并网发电。很多资料显示,不久将来太阳能将成为人们生活中最主要的能源渠道。
现阶段,受制于太阳能利用率不高导致使用成本偏高而无法普及,基于此,本文引入模糊逻辑控制理论,利用MATLAB软件的模糊逻辑控制箱设计了三维和二维模糊逻辑控制器,以及利用simulink针对光伏最大功率点跟踪进行了仿真,通过对比MPPT仿真结果在稳定性,精确性和快速性上的差异,分析其原因,尽最大可能的提高太阳能的利用率。
本文设计了不带隔离变压器的Boost型DC-DC变换器,在系统要求的稳压范围内,进行了仿真,输出符合要求；给出了单相光伏逆变器的工作原理及控制策略,并进行了仿真,输出正弦交流电压结果良好。在软件控制方面应用了PI调节控制,后又分析了锁相环控制技术,并将其应用于逆变电路,使并网电流与电网电压同频同相。
最后,设计完成了基于DSP芯片TMS320F2812的光伏并网发电系统,通过MATLAB/simulink对整个系统进行了仿真,仿真结果符合要求,同时研制了光伏系统控制器,并进行了初步实验。
At present, the energy crisis and environmental pollution in the global scope are compelling major subject, so many countries in the world are finding a kind of green energy method which can solve the energy reserves problem and can't bring environmental pollution. As the important component members of the new energy, the solar energy's biggest characteristic is never dried up and no pollution. In recent years,with the attention of all parties, the solar energy develop rapidly whose the main power form is photovoltaic (pv) grid generation. Many data shows that the near future solar comprehensively will become the most major energy channels in the life.
Now, the subject on the solar energy utilization rate is not high,then cause the use of higher cost and not popularization. Based on it, the paper gives a fuzzy logic control theory by the MATLAB fuzzy logic control box which design three-dimensional and two-dimensional fuzzy logic controller, and using simulink for photovoltaic maximum power point tracking is simulated. Through comparing the MPPT simulation results in the differences of stability, accuracy and quickening, and then analyze the causes, and to the most possible improvement of solar energy utilization.
This paper gave the Boost type DC-DC converter working principle, in the scope of the system requirements on voltage stability, the author have simulated and the output meets the requirement. It also gave single-phase photovoltaic inverter and working principle of the control strategy, and simulation, the output of sinusoidal alternating voltage yielded is good results. This paper introduces the control PI in spect of the software, then adjust control are introduced and phase lock loop control technology, and applied the inverter circuits, make the interconnection of electric current and voltage with frequency with phase.
Finally, through MATLAB/simulink to the whole system is simulated, the design completed based on DSP TMS320F2812 of photovoltaic (pv) grid power system, and the simulation results accord with the requirement. Meanwhile developed photovoltaic system controller, and makes a preliminary experiment.
现阶段,受制于太阳能利用率不高导致使用成本偏高而无法普及,基于此,本文引入模糊逻辑控制理论,利用MATLAB软件的模糊逻辑控制箱设计了三维和二维模糊逻辑控制器,以及利用simulink针对光伏最大功率点跟踪进行了仿真,通过对比MPPT仿真结果在稳定性,精确性和快速性上的差异,分析其原因,尽最大可能的提高太阳能的利用率。
本文设计了不带隔离变压器的Boost型DC-DC变换器,在系统要求的稳压范围内,进行了仿真,输出符合要求；给出了单相光伏逆变器的工作原理及控制策略,并进行了仿真,输出正弦交流电压结果良好。在软件控制方面应用了PI调节控制,后又分析了锁相环控制技术,并将其应用于逆变电路,使并网电流与电网电压同频同相。
最后,设计完成了基于DSP芯片TMS320F2812的光伏并网发电系统,通过MATLAB/simulink对整个系统进行了仿真,仿真结果符合要求,同时研制了光伏系统控制器,并进行了初步实验。
At present, the energy crisis and environmental pollution in the global scope are compelling major subject, so many countries in the world are finding a kind of green energy method which can solve the energy reserves problem and can't bring environmental pollution. As the important component members of the new energy, the solar energy's biggest characteristic is never dried up and no pollution. In recent years,with the attention of all parties, the solar energy develop rapidly whose the main power form is photovoltaic (pv) grid generation. Many data shows that the near future solar comprehensively will become the most major energy channels in the life.
Now, the subject on the solar energy utilization rate is not high,then cause the use of higher cost and not popularization. Based on it, the paper gives a fuzzy logic control theory by the MATLAB fuzzy logic control box which design three-dimensional and two-dimensional fuzzy logic controller, and using simulink for photovoltaic maximum power point tracking is simulated. Through comparing the MPPT simulation results in the differences of stability, accuracy and quickening, and then analyze the causes, and to the most possible improvement of solar energy utilization.
This paper gave the Boost type DC-DC converter working principle, in the scope of the system requirements on voltage stability, the author have simulated and the output meets the requirement. It also gave single-phase photovoltaic inverter and working principle of the control strategy, and simulation, the output of sinusoidal alternating voltage yielded is good results. This paper introduces the control PI in spect of the software, then adjust control are introduced and phase lock loop control technology, and applied the inverter circuits, make the interconnection of electric current and voltage with frequency with phase.
Finally, through MATLAB/simulink to the whole system is simulated, the design completed based on DSP TMS320F2812 of photovoltaic (pv) grid power system, and the simulation results accord with the requirement. Meanwhile developed photovoltaic system controller, and makes a preliminary experiment.
引文
[1]马兆彪.太阳能光伏并网系统的分析与研究：(硕士学位论文).无锡：江南大学,2008.
[2]李春鹏,张廷元等.太阳能光伏发电系统综述.电工材料,2006,3：45-48.
[3]Wen L Z. Vast utilization of solar power is not a dream. China Territory Today,2005(1):59.
[4]崔容强,赵春江,吴达成.并网型太阳能光伏发电系统.北京：化工工业出版社,2007.
[5]张扬,高辉.太阳能利用与环境可持续发展是统一框架下的系统工程—美洲百万太阳能屋顶计划启示.新能源,2000.
[6]董密.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的优化设计与控制策略研究：(博士学位论文).长沙：中南大学,2007.
[7]赵为.太阳能光伏并网系统的研究：(博士学位论文).合肥：合肥工业大学,2003.
[8]潘亚鸿.太阳能光伏并网发电系统市场前景分析.科技资讯期刊,2008.
[9]严陆光.太阳能发电的现状与展望.中国科学院电工研究所严陆光所长在中国科学院院士学术报告会上所做的报告,2006.
[10]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术.北京：化工工业出版社,2005.
[11]赵庚申,王庆章,许盛之.最大功率点跟踪原理及实现方法的研究.太阳能学报,2006,27(10)：997-1001.
[12]叶秋香,郑建立.光伏电池最大功率跟踪器的研究与开发.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,33(1)： 78-82.
[13]陈晓高.户用光伏并网系统及其控制方法的研究：(硕士学位论文).青岛：青岛科技大学,2006.
[14]Lee S H, Park S J, Song S G. Grid-connected photovoltaic system using current-source inverter. SOLAR ENERGY,2008.
[15]陈兴峰,曹志峰,许洪华等.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪算法研究.可再生能源,2005,1(119)：8-11.
[16]曹倩茹.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪研究：(硕士学位论文).西安：西安科技大学,2006.
[17]曲学基,曲敬铠,于明扬.逆变技术基础与应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[18]戴靖.光伏发电并网控制技术：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京航空航天大学,2007.
[19]Myrzik J, Calais M. String and Module Integrated Inverters for Single-phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems-A Review.34th IEEE,2003:1995-2000.
[20]林飞,杜欣.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真.北京：中国电力出版社,2009.
[21]肖巧景.3KW光伏并网逆变器的研制：(硕士学位论文).郑州：郑州大学,2007.
[22]Chen Y M, Wu H C, Chen Y C. DC bus regulation strategy for grid-connected PV power generation system. IEEE,2008.
[23]Roman E, Alonso R, Damian G. Intelligent PV module for grid-connected PV systems. IEEE,2006.
[24]苏奎峰,吕强,常天庆等.TMS320X281XDSP原理及C程序开发.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[25]Samangkool K, Premrudeepreechacharn S. Maximum power point tracking using neural networks for grid-connected photovoltaic system. IEEE,2009.
[26]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.北京：科学出版社,2005.
[27]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用.北京：科学出版社,2002.
[28]Xu P, Zhang X, et al. A research of 60kw grid-connected photovoltaic system. International Photovoltaic Science & Engineering Conference,2005.
[29]吴丽萍.基于DSP的光伏并网逆变系统的研究：(硕士学位论文).河北：河北工业大学,2007.
[30]汪进进.光伏并网控制方法和系统的研究：(硕士学位论文).合肥：合肥工业大学,2002.
[31]Chung S K. Phase-locked loop for grid-connected three-phase power conversion systems. IEE Proc-Electr,2000,147(3):213-219.
[32]Nayar C V. Control and interfacing of bi-directional inverters for off-grid and weak grid photovoltaic power systems. IEEE,2000:1280-1282.
[33]高纪庆.推进光伏并网发电与建筑结合的应用.新能源与新材料,2004(5)：35-36.
[34]汪海宁等.具有无功功率补偿功和谐波抑制的光伏并网功率制调节器的控制研究.太阳能学报,2006,27(6)：540-544.
[35]Zhao Z M. Recent Trends of solor and wind energy application in china. Proceedings of IEEE Sustainable Electrical Energy Development for 21stCentury,2002:1-9.
[36]李进国,金新民.小功率光伏并网逆变器控制系统的设计.北方交通大学学报,2003,27(2)：58-61.
[37]姚志垒.基于DSP控制的串并联组合式逆变器及其并网控制策略的研究：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京航空航天大学,2006.
[38]Zhang K, Kang Y, et al. Direct repetitive control of SPWM inverter for ups purpose. Trans on Power elec,2003,18(3):785-792.
[39]周光明,朱正菲,谢佶隽.基于DSP的光伏并网系统的设计.能源工程,2004(5)：19-23.
[40]瞿亮.基于MATLAB的控制系统计算机仿真.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：200-205.
[41]Liang T J, Kuo Y C, Chen J F. Single-stage photovoltaic energy conversion system.32th Annul IEEE,2001:339-344.
[42]郭小强,赵清林,邬伟扬.光伏并网发电系统孤岛检测技术.电工技术学报,2007,22(4)：158-164.
[2]李春鹏,张廷元等.太阳能光伏发电系统综述.电工材料,2006,3：45-48.
[3]Wen L Z. Vast utilization of solar power is not a dream. China Territory Today,2005(1):59.
[4]崔容强,赵春江,吴达成.并网型太阳能光伏发电系统.北京：化工工业出版社,2007.
[5]张扬,高辉.太阳能利用与环境可持续发展是统一框架下的系统工程—美洲百万太阳能屋顶计划启示.新能源,2000.
[6]董密.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的优化设计与控制策略研究：(博士学位论文).长沙：中南大学,2007.
[7]赵为.太阳能光伏并网系统的研究：(博士学位论文).合肥：合肥工业大学,2003.
[8]潘亚鸿.太阳能光伏并网发电系统市场前景分析.科技资讯期刊,2008.
[9]严陆光.太阳能发电的现状与展望.中国科学院电工研究所严陆光所长在中国科学院院士学术报告会上所做的报告,2006.
[10]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术.北京：化工工业出版社,2005.
[11]赵庚申,王庆章,许盛之.最大功率点跟踪原理及实现方法的研究.太阳能学报,2006,27(10)：997-1001.
[12]叶秋香,郑建立.光伏电池最大功率跟踪器的研究与开发.东华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,33(1)： 78-82.
[13]陈晓高.户用光伏并网系统及其控制方法的研究：(硕士学位论文).青岛：青岛科技大学,2006.
[14]Lee S H, Park S J, Song S G. Grid-connected photovoltaic system using current-source inverter. SOLAR ENERGY,2008.
[15]陈兴峰,曹志峰,许洪华等.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪算法研究.可再生能源,2005,1(119)：8-11.
[16]曹倩茹.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪研究：(硕士学位论文).西安：西安科技大学,2006.
[17]曲学基,曲敬铠,于明扬.逆变技术基础与应用.北京：电子工业出版社,2007.
[18]戴靖.光伏发电并网控制技术：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京航空航天大学,2007.
[19]Myrzik J, Calais M. String and Module Integrated Inverters for Single-phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems-A Review.34th IEEE,2003:1995-2000.
[20]林飞,杜欣.电力电子应用技术的MATLAB仿真.北京：中国电力出版社,2009.
[21]肖巧景.3KW光伏并网逆变器的研制：(硕士学位论文).郑州：郑州大学,2007.
[22]Chen Y M, Wu H C, Chen Y C. DC bus regulation strategy for grid-connected PV power generation system. IEEE,2008.
[23]Roman E, Alonso R, Damian G. Intelligent PV module for grid-connected PV systems. IEEE,2006.
[24]苏奎峰,吕强,常天庆等.TMS320X281XDSP原理及C程序开发.北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[25]Samangkool K, Premrudeepreechacharn S. Maximum power point tracking using neural networks for grid-connected photovoltaic system. IEEE,2009.
[26]赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.北京：科学出版社,2005.
[27]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用.北京：科学出版社,2002.
[28]Xu P, Zhang X, et al. A research of 60kw grid-connected photovoltaic system. International Photovoltaic Science & Engineering Conference,2005.
[29]吴丽萍.基于DSP的光伏并网逆变系统的研究：(硕士学位论文).河北：河北工业大学,2007.
[30]汪进进.光伏并网控制方法和系统的研究：(硕士学位论文).合肥：合肥工业大学,2002.
[31]Chung S K. Phase-locked loop for grid-connected three-phase power conversion systems. IEE Proc-Electr,2000,147(3):213-219.
[32]Nayar C V. Control and interfacing of bi-directional inverters for off-grid and weak grid photovoltaic power systems. IEEE,2000:1280-1282.
[33]高纪庆.推进光伏并网发电与建筑结合的应用.新能源与新材料,2004(5)：35-36.
[34]汪海宁等.具有无功功率补偿功和谐波抑制的光伏并网功率制调节器的控制研究.太阳能学报,2006,27(6)：540-544.
[35]Zhao Z M. Recent Trends of solor and wind energy application in china. Proceedings of IEEE Sustainable Electrical Energy Development for 21stCentury,2002:1-9.
[36]李进国,金新民.小功率光伏并网逆变器控制系统的设计.北方交通大学学报,2003,27(2)：58-61.
[37]姚志垒.基于DSP控制的串并联组合式逆变器及其并网控制策略的研究：(硕士学位论文).南京：南京航空航天大学,2006.
[38]Zhang K, Kang Y, et al. Direct repetitive control of SPWM inverter for ups purpose. Trans on Power elec,2003,18(3):785-792.
[39]周光明,朱正菲,谢佶隽.基于DSP的光伏并网系统的设计.能源工程,2004(5)：19-23.
[40]瞿亮.基于MATLAB的控制系统计算机仿真.北京：清华大学出版社,2005：200-205.
[41]Liang T J, Kuo Y C, Chen J F. Single-stage photovoltaic energy conversion system.32th Annul IEEE,2001:339-344.
[42]郭小强,赵清林,邬伟扬.光伏并网发电系统孤岛检测技术.电工技术学报,2007,22(4)：158-164.