沥青路面病害检测与养护决策研究
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摘要
近年来，我国的交通基础设施建设作为国家优先发展的战略目标，在规模总量上实现了快速增长。随着公路里程的不断增长、交通流量的快速增加，公众需求也随之日益提高，如何做好养护工作，使公路保持一个良好的运行状态，是公路养护管理工作者面临的十分艰巨的任务。由于公路养护工作是长期、持续和周期性的，因此在道路运营过程中，对其使用状况进行跟踪检测，并且给出一个合理的评价，选择科学合理的养护维修措施，从而用最小的资金投入保证路面在长时期内提供足够的服务水平十分必要。要想得到理想的养护维修效果，首先要有一个合理的养护设计。对于某个具体的路面养护项目而言，合理的养护设计方法要求覆盖检测、评价、决策、设计的各个阶段，并保证各阶段的成果能够有效地衔接起来。如何结合沥青路面养护设计实际需要，开发一套完整的软硬件系统，覆盖检测手段、评价决策、设计输出等方面，从而全面提高养护设计的工作效率和工作质量，显得十分必要。
本文结合国家高技术研究发展计划项目对针对于科学养护的沥青路面病害检测和养护决策方法进行了一系列研究与探讨，主要研究结论如下：
1.本文针对沥青路面养护设计数据信息大、设计周期短的主要特征，开发出一套系统化的沥青路面病害检测和养护决策的计算机辅助设计工具，能够覆盖路面外业病害信息采集、内业数据整理、路段划分、路面使用状况评价、路面养护决策的全部过程，可以大大提高养护设计的效率，明显改善养护决策的科学性，更好的为养护工作服务。
2.本文针对传统的人工检测方法存在着安全、速度、精度等诸多方面的缺陷以及自动化检测设备昂贵无法普及、分析结果不易用于养护设计、无法分析病害成因等问题，推出一种适合养护设计需要的路面破损信息采集设备JGLYH-001型路面病害采集仪，设备通过GPS定位、距离测量装置、三角测量方法、数码相机等的组合应用，较好的解决了传统人工检测存在的问题，既保证了安全，又大大的提高了工作效率，采集成果可以直接应用于路面养护设计。通过对选用GPS模块GT-730的试验精度分析，定位精度可以满足路面破损调查平面定位的要求。针对公路线形的实际特点，采用分段三次曲线拟合测量数据减小定位精度，拟合过程中采用MatrixVB实现了VisualBasic结合matlab混合编程，极大的提高了工作效率。
3.路段是路面管理中最小的管理单元，路段划分是路面检测、评价、决策的基础。如果路段划分不够细致、合理，可能导致路面评价和确定养护策略效率严重低，还会导致设计不足或设计过于保守，这样很可能造成养护决策不科学，形成养护资金的大量浪费。本文采用累积差值法结合折线拟合自动划分路段的方法，相对于聚类分析方法具有原理简单，使用方便，能够满足科学划分养护路段的需求。国内已经有许多研究成果发现路面使用性能的多个指标之间具有一定的内在联系，具体划分路段时，需要能将相关性较强的影响因素予以合并，可以明显减少工作量，提高工作效率。
4.养护决策是路面管理的核心内容，养护维修方案的合理与否，直接影响到路面的使用性能。本文的养护决策采用分阶段决策法，第一阶段初步决策判断各路段的养护措施类型，第二阶段根据各养护措施类型选择对应层次分析法模型进行决策。结果显示，层次分析法是进行养护决策的有力手段，它可以对人们的思维过程进行加工整理，按照系统分析问题的方法进行科学决策。合理选择影响养护决策的准则并建立好的层次结构是非常关键的，它直接影响能否最终得到最优决策方案。
In recent years, as the priority strategic target of national development, China’stransport infrastructure has been developed rapidly on the basis of total value and scale. Dueto the growth of highway mileage and traffic flow, public’s demand has increased gradually.Therefore, how to carry out the maintaining work, make sure the highway on a goodoperational state is a very difficult task for the highway maintenance managerial personnel.Normally, the highway maintenance is a long-term, continuous and periodic procedure.Therefore, in the highway’s operational process, it is necessary to undertake a trackingmeasurement, generate a reasonable assessment and choose a scientific measure, so that thefund on ensuring the operational state of the pavement will be minimized to a certain level.In order to gain an ideal maintaining effect, one should have a reasonable maintenancedesign. As to some certain pavement maintenance projects, a reasonable maintenance designshould cover several design stages, i.e. detection, assessment, decision making and design,then make sure all these stages have been well link-upped. As a result, how to develop acomplete set of hardware and software system with the consideration of actual needs ofasphalt pavement maintenance design, and fully improve the efficiency and quality ofmaintenance design are vitally important.
This article combined the national high-tech research and development plan projects,aims to undertake a series of researches and discussions on detecting asphalt pavementdisease and maintenance design. The key findings of this study are as follow:
With consideration of the key features of asphalt pavement maintenance design, i.e.huge information and short design cycle, this article developed a set of Computer-AidedDesign tool for the detection of asphalt pavement disease and maintenance design. It is ableto cover the collection of pavement field diseases information, reduction of indoor data,assessment of the pavement service condition and decision of the pavement maintenance. Itdramatically improved the efficiency of maintenance design, scientificalness of maintenance decision, and served better for the maintenance procedure.
Based on the disadvantages (i.e. drawbacks on the safety, speed, precision issues,higher price of automatic detection equipment, results cannot be easily used in maintenancedesign, unable to analyze causes of disease and etc.) of the traditional manual detectionmethod, this article proposed JGLYH-001pavement disease acquisition equipment which isa more suitable equipment for the needs of maintenance design. This new equipmentcombines GPS positioning technique, distance measurement device, triangulation method,and digital camera together, well solved the problems caused by the traditional manualdetection method. Specifically, it ensures the safety issues, improves the efficiency, and theresults can be used in maintenance design directly. The positional accuracy is able to meetthe requirements of planar location of pavement damaged investigation by using GPS modeGT-730test. The procedure is aimed at the actual characteristics of highway alignment,using piecewise cubic curve-fitting measurement to narrow the positional accuracy.MatrixVB is adopted in the fitting process which realized the hybrid programming of VisualBasic and matlab, therefore, the work efficiency has been improved dramatically.
Road segment is the smallest management unit of pavement management. It is the basicof pavement detection, assessment, and decision making. If the partition of road segment isnot meticulous and reasonable, it will lower the efficiency of pavement assessment andmaintenance decision making. Besides, it may make the maintenance design insufficient orover conservative. As a result, it will cause a huge waste of maintenance fund and make themaintenance design unscientific. This article adopted cumulative difference method withpolylines approach to divide the road segment. Compare with clustering method, thistechnique is more convenience to use and able to meet the requirements of the partition ofmaintenance road segment. Many research pointed that there are an interrelationship amongthe indicators of pavement operational state, hence, if one can combine the related indictorstogether when partitioning road segment, the workload could be reduced and work efficiencycould be improved.
Maintenance design is the core of pavement management, rationality of maintenancedesign directly affects the operational state of the pavement. This article adopted piecewise decision method, preliminary estimate the pavement maintenance type for each road segmenton the first stage; choose the suitable analytic hierarchy process model based on thepavement maintenance type on the second stage. The result shows that Analytic HierarchyModel is the most appropriate approach, it will reorganize human thought processes; make ascientific decision according to the systematic analysis method. It is essential to choose therational maintenance standards and establish a good hierarchical structure as they will affectthe feasibility of maintenance design.
本文结合国家高技术研究发展计划项目对针对于科学养护的沥青路面病害检测和养护决策方法进行了一系列研究与探讨，主要研究结论如下：
1.本文针对沥青路面养护设计数据信息大、设计周期短的主要特征，开发出一套系统化的沥青路面病害检测和养护决策的计算机辅助设计工具，能够覆盖路面外业病害信息采集、内业数据整理、路段划分、路面使用状况评价、路面养护决策的全部过程，可以大大提高养护设计的效率，明显改善养护决策的科学性，更好的为养护工作服务。
2.本文针对传统的人工检测方法存在着安全、速度、精度等诸多方面的缺陷以及自动化检测设备昂贵无法普及、分析结果不易用于养护设计、无法分析病害成因等问题，推出一种适合养护设计需要的路面破损信息采集设备JGLYH-001型路面病害采集仪，设备通过GPS定位、距离测量装置、三角测量方法、数码相机等的组合应用，较好的解决了传统人工检测存在的问题，既保证了安全，又大大的提高了工作效率，采集成果可以直接应用于路面养护设计。通过对选用GPS模块GT-730的试验精度分析，定位精度可以满足路面破损调查平面定位的要求。针对公路线形的实际特点，采用分段三次曲线拟合测量数据减小定位精度，拟合过程中采用MatrixVB实现了VisualBasic结合matlab混合编程，极大的提高了工作效率。
3.路段是路面管理中最小的管理单元，路段划分是路面检测、评价、决策的基础。如果路段划分不够细致、合理，可能导致路面评价和确定养护策略效率严重低，还会导致设计不足或设计过于保守，这样很可能造成养护决策不科学，形成养护资金的大量浪费。本文采用累积差值法结合折线拟合自动划分路段的方法，相对于聚类分析方法具有原理简单，使用方便，能够满足科学划分养护路段的需求。国内已经有许多研究成果发现路面使用性能的多个指标之间具有一定的内在联系，具体划分路段时，需要能将相关性较强的影响因素予以合并，可以明显减少工作量，提高工作效率。
4.养护决策是路面管理的核心内容，养护维修方案的合理与否，直接影响到路面的使用性能。本文的养护决策采用分阶段决策法，第一阶段初步决策判断各路段的养护措施类型，第二阶段根据各养护措施类型选择对应层次分析法模型进行决策。结果显示，层次分析法是进行养护决策的有力手段，它可以对人们的思维过程进行加工整理，按照系统分析问题的方法进行科学决策。合理选择影响养护决策的准则并建立好的层次结构是非常关键的，它直接影响能否最终得到最优决策方案。
In recent years, as the priority strategic target of national development, China’stransport infrastructure has been developed rapidly on the basis of total value and scale. Dueto the growth of highway mileage and traffic flow, public’s demand has increased gradually.Therefore, how to carry out the maintaining work, make sure the highway on a goodoperational state is a very difficult task for the highway maintenance managerial personnel.Normally, the highway maintenance is a long-term, continuous and periodic procedure.Therefore, in the highway’s operational process, it is necessary to undertake a trackingmeasurement, generate a reasonable assessment and choose a scientific measure, so that thefund on ensuring the operational state of the pavement will be minimized to a certain level.In order to gain an ideal maintaining effect, one should have a reasonable maintenancedesign. As to some certain pavement maintenance projects, a reasonable maintenance designshould cover several design stages, i.e. detection, assessment, decision making and design,then make sure all these stages have been well link-upped. As a result, how to develop acomplete set of hardware and software system with the consideration of actual needs ofasphalt pavement maintenance design, and fully improve the efficiency and quality ofmaintenance design are vitally important.
This article combined the national high-tech research and development plan projects,aims to undertake a series of researches and discussions on detecting asphalt pavementdisease and maintenance design. The key findings of this study are as follow:
With consideration of the key features of asphalt pavement maintenance design, i.e.huge information and short design cycle, this article developed a set of Computer-AidedDesign tool for the detection of asphalt pavement disease and maintenance design. It is ableto cover the collection of pavement field diseases information, reduction of indoor data,assessment of the pavement service condition and decision of the pavement maintenance. Itdramatically improved the efficiency of maintenance design, scientificalness of maintenance decision, and served better for the maintenance procedure.
Based on the disadvantages (i.e. drawbacks on the safety, speed, precision issues,higher price of automatic detection equipment, results cannot be easily used in maintenancedesign, unable to analyze causes of disease and etc.) of the traditional manual detectionmethod, this article proposed JGLYH-001pavement disease acquisition equipment which isa more suitable equipment for the needs of maintenance design. This new equipmentcombines GPS positioning technique, distance measurement device, triangulation method,and digital camera together, well solved the problems caused by the traditional manualdetection method. Specifically, it ensures the safety issues, improves the efficiency, and theresults can be used in maintenance design directly. The positional accuracy is able to meetthe requirements of planar location of pavement damaged investigation by using GPS modeGT-730test. The procedure is aimed at the actual characteristics of highway alignment,using piecewise cubic curve-fitting measurement to narrow the positional accuracy.MatrixVB is adopted in the fitting process which realized the hybrid programming of VisualBasic and matlab, therefore, the work efficiency has been improved dramatically.
Road segment is the smallest management unit of pavement management. It is the basicof pavement detection, assessment, and decision making. If the partition of road segment isnot meticulous and reasonable, it will lower the efficiency of pavement assessment andmaintenance decision making. Besides, it may make the maintenance design insufficient orover conservative. As a result, it will cause a huge waste of maintenance fund and make themaintenance design unscientific. This article adopted cumulative difference method withpolylines approach to divide the road segment. Compare with clustering method, thistechnique is more convenience to use and able to meet the requirements of the partition ofmaintenance road segment. Many research pointed that there are an interrelationship amongthe indicators of pavement operational state, hence, if one can combine the related indictorstogether when partitioning road segment, the workload could be reduced and work efficiencycould be improved.
Maintenance design is the core of pavement management, rationality of maintenancedesign directly affects the operational state of the pavement. This article adopted piecewise decision method, preliminary estimate the pavement maintenance type for each road segmenton the first stage; choose the suitable analytic hierarchy process model based on thepavement maintenance type on the second stage. The result shows that Analytic HierarchyModel is the most appropriate approach, it will reorganize human thought processes; make ascientific decision according to the systematic analysis method. It is essential to choose therational maintenance standards and establish a good hierarchical structure as they will affectthe feasibility of maintenance design.
引文
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