光纤对接耦合理论分析的新方法
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摘要
光耦合技术是光通信、光传感以及光集成领域中的关键技术,在未来的
全光网络中占据有重要的地位,因此对光耦合理论进行研究是很必要的。本
文的主要研究内容有:
第一,借鉴量子力学的一维散射理论方法,计算具有纵向分离的两单模
光纤连接损耗理论。此方法是通过求解纵向波动方程,计算考虑由于端面反
射后波的相干效应时的回波损耗以及耦合效率,与前人的结果相比较,我们
得到更加准确的结果。在这基础上,用该方法计算两光纤同时具有角向偏离
和纵向偏离时的耦合效率;
第二,为了提高单模光纤到多模光纤的耦合效率,我们利用一自聚焦透
镜(G-lens)对单模光纤的模场半径进行扩束,使其与多模光纤的基模模场
半径相匹配,在保证只激励多模光纤中基模的前提下,提高单模光纤到多模
光纤的耦合效率;多模光纤系统中由于多模光纤本身的特点(模间色散严重),
使得该系统的传输带宽比较低,为了提高现有的多模光纤通信系统传输速率,
提出利用单模光纤对多模光纤系统进行滤模,在通信线路中滤掉高阶模降低
模间色散,以提高多模光纤系统的传输带宽。
第三,将多模光纤出射光看成准单色部分相干光,采用几何光学和波动
光学相结合的方法,分析多模光纤准直器的出射光场的特点,得到多模光纤
准直器的输出光场满足高斯分布,在满足物象关系下,高斯分布具有最小光
斑半径的结论。
The optical coupling technology is the key technology in optical communication, optical sensor and optical integration, and it will hold the primary status in optical networks in the future. So it is necessary to study the optical coupling theory deeply. The thesis comprises the following:Firstly, we present a new method that is similar to that of one dimension scattering theory in quantum mechanics. And this method can be used to calculate the return loss and coupling efficiency with a longitudinal separation between two single mode fibers. A more accurate expression of the return loss can be obtained by solving the longitudinal wave equation in our method, which takes into account the coherence effect mentioned above. As the same time, the coupling efficiency of two fibers with an angular misalignment and with a longitudinal separation between two single mode fibers was calculated.Secondly, in order to increase the coupling efficiency of single mode fiber to multimode fiber, The G—lens is used to expand the mode field radius of single-mode fiber. The girdling radius of single mode fiber has been expanded to match the girdling radius of fundamental-mode of multimode fiber, and to excite the fundamental-mode of multimode fiber, improves the coupling efficiency from single-mode fiber to multimode fiber.Because of the disadvantage of multimode fiber, such as mode dispersion, and the bandwidth of multimode fiber system is limited. In order to improve the bandwidth of multimode fiber system, a mode filter device that made by a single mode fiber is adopted.Thirdly, according to the statistical optics theory, the output of multimode
fiber was taken as a quasi-homogeneous source; geometry optics and wave-guide optics were taken to analyze the output of multimode fiber collimator. We obtain that the output field of multimode fiber satisfy Gauss distributing.
全光网络中占据有重要的地位,因此对光耦合理论进行研究是很必要的。本
文的主要研究内容有:
第一,借鉴量子力学的一维散射理论方法,计算具有纵向分离的两单模
光纤连接损耗理论。此方法是通过求解纵向波动方程,计算考虑由于端面反
射后波的相干效应时的回波损耗以及耦合效率,与前人的结果相比较,我们
得到更加准确的结果。在这基础上,用该方法计算两光纤同时具有角向偏离
和纵向偏离时的耦合效率;
第二,为了提高单模光纤到多模光纤的耦合效率,我们利用一自聚焦透
镜(G-lens)对单模光纤的模场半径进行扩束,使其与多模光纤的基模模场
半径相匹配,在保证只激励多模光纤中基模的前提下,提高单模光纤到多模
光纤的耦合效率;多模光纤系统中由于多模光纤本身的特点(模间色散严重),
使得该系统的传输带宽比较低,为了提高现有的多模光纤通信系统传输速率,
提出利用单模光纤对多模光纤系统进行滤模,在通信线路中滤掉高阶模降低
模间色散,以提高多模光纤系统的传输带宽。
第三,将多模光纤出射光看成准单色部分相干光,采用几何光学和波动
光学相结合的方法,分析多模光纤准直器的出射光场的特点,得到多模光纤
准直器的输出光场满足高斯分布,在满足物象关系下,高斯分布具有最小光
斑半径的结论。
The optical coupling technology is the key technology in optical communication, optical sensor and optical integration, and it will hold the primary status in optical networks in the future. So it is necessary to study the optical coupling theory deeply. The thesis comprises the following:Firstly, we present a new method that is similar to that of one dimension scattering theory in quantum mechanics. And this method can be used to calculate the return loss and coupling efficiency with a longitudinal separation between two single mode fibers. A more accurate expression of the return loss can be obtained by solving the longitudinal wave equation in our method, which takes into account the coherence effect mentioned above. As the same time, the coupling efficiency of two fibers with an angular misalignment and with a longitudinal separation between two single mode fibers was calculated.Secondly, in order to increase the coupling efficiency of single mode fiber to multimode fiber, The G—lens is used to expand the mode field radius of single-mode fiber. The girdling radius of single mode fiber has been expanded to match the girdling radius of fundamental-mode of multimode fiber, and to excite the fundamental-mode of multimode fiber, improves the coupling efficiency from single-mode fiber to multimode fiber.Because of the disadvantage of multimode fiber, such as mode dispersion, and the bandwidth of multimode fiber system is limited. In order to improve the bandwidth of multimode fiber system, a mode filter device that made by a single mode fiber is adopted.Thirdly, according to the statistical optics theory, the output of multimode
fiber was taken as a quasi-homogeneous source; geometry optics and wave-guide optics were taken to analyze the output of multimode fiber collimator. We obtain that the output field of multimode fiber satisfy Gauss distributing.
引文
[1] 王莉蓉.耦合器的模拟及设计和光波导器件的制作工艺研究:[硕士学位论文]浙江大学,2003
[2] Maclean D J H. Optical Line Systems: Transmission Aspects. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[3] Li T. Optical amplifiers transform lightwave communications, Phpto Spectra, 1995, Jan: 115-117.
[4] 陈智浩.高斯型等效双锥光纤模拟理论方法与器件应用:[博士学位论文] 清华大学电子工程系,1997.
[5] 齐晓玲.光通信元器件中光耦合的研究:[硕士学位论文]中山大学,2003.
[6] 林学煌.光无源器件[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.
[7] 丁原,王智.创新理念在光纤准直器装配技术研究中的应用,长春大学学报[J],2004,4-7.
[8] E J Murphy. Fiber Attachment for guided wave devices, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1988, vol 6, 862-868.
[9] A. H. Cherin and J. F.Dalgieish ITU Telecommun. J., 1981, vol 48, 657-665.
[10] 杨祥林.光纤通讯系统[M]北京:国防工业出版社 2001.
[11] 《37th Electronic Components Conference Proceedings》 Fiber Optic Compouents for Communication Applications, 1987, PP.243—253.
[12] Ronan G.J, and Koschat M.A., Journal Optical Communication, 1987, vol 8, 42-48.
[13] Gambling W. A., Matsumura H and Goeley A.O, Joining Loss in single-mode fiber, Electron Letter, 1978, vol 14, 54-55.
[14] Sakai J.J, and Kitmca.T, Splices loss evaluation for optical fiber with arbitrary index profile, Applied Optics, 1978, vol 17,2848-2853.
[15] Nemoto.S.and Makimoto.T, Analysis of splice loss in single mode fiber using a Gaussian field approximation", Optical and Quantuan Electron, Optical and Quantuan Electron, 1979,vol 11,447-457.
[16] Joyce,W.B, Alignment of Gaussian beams, Applied Optics, 1984,vol23, 4189-4194.
[17] S.E.Miller and A.G.Chynoweth, Single-mode Fiber Connector Design Aspects. 《Optical Fiber Telecommunication》, 1979, pp
[18] Marcuse, D, Tilt, offset, and end-separation loss of lowest-order slab waveguide mode, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1986, vol 4,1647-1650.
[19] Liang A.H., Huang W.B.and Fan C.C, Relation between three mode field half-width definitions for single-mode planar waveguide and application to splice-loss evaluation, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1989, vol 7, 2046-2051.
[20] 《17th Annul Connector and Interconnection Technology Symposium Proceeding》, Fiber Optic Couplers, Connectors and Splice Technology, 1994, 294—301.
[21] 《Design Cousideration For Single Mode Fiber Connectors》, Fiber Optic Couplers, Connectors and Splice Technology 1984, pp243—253.
[22] Meunier J.P.and Hosian S.I., An accurate splice loss analysis for single-mode graded-index fibers with mismatched parameters, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1992, vol 10, 1521-1526.
[23] Meunier J.P.and S.I.Hosian, An efficient model for splices loss evaluation in single mode graden index fibers, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1991,vol9, 1457-1463.
[24] Hossio S.L., Shamia, A.and Ghatak, A.K, Splice loss evaluation for single mode graded-index fibers, Applied Optics, 1982,vol 21,2716-2720.
[25] Marcuse, D, Loss analysis of single mode fiber splices, The Bell System Technical Journal, 1977, vol 56, 703—715.
[26] 叶培大.光波导技术基本理论[M]北京:人民邮电出版社 1981
[27] Toyokazu Sakamoto. Coupling characteristic analysis of single-mode and multimode Optical-fiber conectors using gradient-index-rod lenses[J]. Applied Optics, 1992, vol 31, 5184-5190.
[28] Shifu yuan and Nabeel A.riza. General formula for coupling-loss characterization of single-mode fiber collimaters buy use of gradient-index rod lenses[J]. Applied Optics, 1999, vol 38, 3214-3222.
[29] Joseph c.palais. Fiber coupling using graden-index rod lenses.Applied Optics. 1980, vol 19, 2011-2018.
[30] Misturu.K.,Member. Characteristics of Thermally Expanded Core Fiber[J].Journal Of Lightwave Technology. 1996, vol 14, 2209-2214.
[31] P. Chanclou, H. Ramanitra, P. Gravey, and M. Thual. Design and Performance of Expanded Mode FiberUsing Microoptics, Journal Of Lightwave Technology, 2002, vol 20, 836-842.
[32] K.Shirashi, T.Yang,and S.Kawakami. Light-propagation Characteristics in Thermally diffused expand core fiber[J]. Journal Of Lightwave Technology. 1993 ,vol 11, 1584-1591.
[33] Tadashi haibara,tsuyoshi nakashima, and hiroaki hanafusa. Connection loss reduction by thermally-diffued expanded core fiber. Photonics Technology Letters. 1991 vol 3,348-350.
[34] Yasuo Ohtera, Osamu Hanaizumi and Shojiro Kawakami. Numerical, Analysis of Eigenmodes and Splice Losses of Thermally Diffused Expanded Core Fiber. Journal Of Lightwave Technology. 1999, vol 17, 2675-2682.
[35] Osamu Hanaizumi, Yasuo Ohtera and Hiroaki Minamide. Fabrication of an Expanded Core Fiber Having MFD of 40 UM Preserving Outer Diameter. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 1994, vol 6, 842-844.
[36] 叶培大.光纤理论[M],上海:知识出版社1985,6—10.
[37] 陈智浩.高斯光束经GRIN棒透镜传输的几何模型[J].光纤与光缆及其应用技术 1994,3:5—6.
[38] Zygmunt Haas, Mario A.Santoro A mode filtering secheme for improvement of the bandwidth distance product in multimode fiber. J. Light wave Technol., 1993, vol. 11, 1125-1130.
[39] L.Raddatz, I.H.White, D.G..Cunningham and M.C.Nowell. Influence of restricted mode excitation on bandwidth of multimode fiber links. Photonics Technology Letters, 1998, vol. 10, 534-536.
[40] D.Gloge, Impulse response of clad optical multimode fiber, The Bell System Technical Journal, 1973, vol 52,, pp.801-816.
[41] W.A.Gambling, D.N.Payne, Gigahertz bandwidth in multimode, liquid-core, optical fiber waveguide, 1972, Optics Communication, vol 6,421-423.
[42] M. Webster, L. Raddatz, I. H. White, and D. G. Cunning, A statistical analysis of conditioned launch for gigabit rthernet links using multimode fiber. J. Light wave Technol., 1999, vol. 17, pp. 1532-1541.
[43] Z. Haas and M. A. Santoro, Mode filter secheme for improvement of the bandwidth-distance product in multimode fiber systems J. Lightwave Technol., 1993, vol. 11, pp. 1125-1131.
[44] L.Raddats, I.H.White, ect, Influnce of restricted mode exicitation on bandwidth of multimode fiber links, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1998, vol. 10, pp. 534-536.
[45] Denis Donlagic, Brian Culshaw, Microbend sensor structure for for use indistributed and quasi-distributed sensor systems based on selective launching and filtering of the modesin graded index multimode fiber, J. Lightwave Technol., 1999, vol. 17, pp. 1856-1868.
[46]: Arun Kumar, Ravi K, Varshney ect, Transmission characteristics of SMS fiber optic sensor structures, Optics Communication, 2003, vol 39,215-219.
[47] 程宁,许培英.斜端面聚焦纤维透镜传输特性的理论分析[J],光电子·激光 1998,9(4)312-315
[48] 虞国华,刘水华,方罗珍等.光纤准直器的高回波损耗的理论分析与研究[J],光学学报,1997,17(3)367—372.
[49] 虞国华,向清,任雪斌等.自聚焦透镜离轴耦合损耗理论研究[J],光子学报,1997,26(1),76—79.
[50] Robert W.Gilsdorf and Joseph C.Palais Single mode fibercoupling efficiency with graded-index rod lenses Applied Optics, vol 33 no. 16, 1994, 3440-3445.
[51] Toyokazu Sakamoto Coupling characteristic analysis of single mode fiber and multimode fiber connectors using gradient-index-rod lenses, Applied Optics, 1992, vol 31 no.25, 5184-5190.
[52] Shifu Yuan and Nabeel A.Riza General formula for coupling loss characterization of single mode fiber collimators by use of gradient-index-rod lenses Applied Optics, 1999, vol 38 no. 15, 3214-3222.
[53] Nobukatsu Takai and Toshimitsu Asakura Statistical properties of laser speckles produced under illumination from a multimode optical fiber J Opt.Soc.Am, 1985,Vol.2,No 8,1282—1290.
[54] J.Deschamps, D.Courjion and J.Bulabois Gaussian Schell-mode sources:an example and some perspectives. J Opt.Soc.Am, 1983 Vol.73,No3,256—261
[55] 齐晓玲,王福娟,蔡志岗等.多模光纤出射光束光强分布的研究[J],半导体光电,2003年第二期.
[56] 王素芹,阮玉,殷东亮,杨中文.C-lens准直器回波损耗的理论计算与分析[J]光电子技术与信息2003 16(1),24—28.
[57] 顾德门,统计光学[M]北京:科学出版社 秦克诚等译1992.
[58] 羊国光,宋菲君.高等物理光学[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1991.
[2] Maclean D J H. Optical Line Systems: Transmission Aspects. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[3] Li T. Optical amplifiers transform lightwave communications, Phpto Spectra, 1995, Jan: 115-117.
[4] 陈智浩.高斯型等效双锥光纤模拟理论方法与器件应用:[博士学位论文] 清华大学电子工程系,1997.
[5] 齐晓玲.光通信元器件中光耦合的研究:[硕士学位论文]中山大学,2003.
[6] 林学煌.光无源器件[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,1998.
[7] 丁原,王智.创新理念在光纤准直器装配技术研究中的应用,长春大学学报[J],2004,4-7.
[8] E J Murphy. Fiber Attachment for guided wave devices, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1988, vol 6, 862-868.
[9] A. H. Cherin and J. F.Dalgieish ITU Telecommun. J., 1981, vol 48, 657-665.
[10] 杨祥林.光纤通讯系统[M]北京:国防工业出版社 2001.
[11] 《37th Electronic Components Conference Proceedings》 Fiber Optic Compouents for Communication Applications, 1987, PP.243—253.
[12] Ronan G.J, and Koschat M.A., Journal Optical Communication, 1987, vol 8, 42-48.
[13] Gambling W. A., Matsumura H and Goeley A.O, Joining Loss in single-mode fiber, Electron Letter, 1978, vol 14, 54-55.
[14] Sakai J.J, and Kitmca.T, Splices loss evaluation for optical fiber with arbitrary index profile, Applied Optics, 1978, vol 17,2848-2853.
[15] Nemoto.S.and Makimoto.T, Analysis of splice loss in single mode fiber using a Gaussian field approximation", Optical and Quantuan Electron, Optical and Quantuan Electron, 1979,vol 11,447-457.
[16] Joyce,W.B, Alignment of Gaussian beams, Applied Optics, 1984,vol23, 4189-4194.
[17] S.E.Miller and A.G.Chynoweth, Single-mode Fiber Connector Design Aspects. 《Optical Fiber Telecommunication》, 1979, pp
[18] Marcuse, D, Tilt, offset, and end-separation loss of lowest-order slab waveguide mode, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1986, vol 4,1647-1650.
[19] Liang A.H., Huang W.B.and Fan C.C, Relation between three mode field half-width definitions for single-mode planar waveguide and application to splice-loss evaluation, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1989, vol 7, 2046-2051.
[20] 《17th Annul Connector and Interconnection Technology Symposium Proceeding》, Fiber Optic Couplers, Connectors and Splice Technology, 1994, 294—301.
[21] 《Design Cousideration For Single Mode Fiber Connectors》, Fiber Optic Couplers, Connectors and Splice Technology 1984, pp243—253.
[22] Meunier J.P.and Hosian S.I., An accurate splice loss analysis for single-mode graded-index fibers with mismatched parameters, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1992, vol 10, 1521-1526.
[23] Meunier J.P.and S.I.Hosian, An efficient model for splices loss evaluation in single mode graden index fibers, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1991,vol9, 1457-1463.
[24] Hossio S.L., Shamia, A.and Ghatak, A.K, Splice loss evaluation for single mode graded-index fibers, Applied Optics, 1982,vol 21,2716-2720.
[25] Marcuse, D, Loss analysis of single mode fiber splices, The Bell System Technical Journal, 1977, vol 56, 703—715.
[26] 叶培大.光波导技术基本理论[M]北京:人民邮电出版社 1981
[27] Toyokazu Sakamoto. Coupling characteristic analysis of single-mode and multimode Optical-fiber conectors using gradient-index-rod lenses[J]. Applied Optics, 1992, vol 31, 5184-5190.
[28] Shifu yuan and Nabeel A.riza. General formula for coupling-loss characterization of single-mode fiber collimaters buy use of gradient-index rod lenses[J]. Applied Optics, 1999, vol 38, 3214-3222.
[29] Joseph c.palais. Fiber coupling using graden-index rod lenses.Applied Optics. 1980, vol 19, 2011-2018.
[30] Misturu.K.,Member. Characteristics of Thermally Expanded Core Fiber[J].Journal Of Lightwave Technology. 1996, vol 14, 2209-2214.
[31] P. Chanclou, H. Ramanitra, P. Gravey, and M. Thual. Design and Performance of Expanded Mode FiberUsing Microoptics, Journal Of Lightwave Technology, 2002, vol 20, 836-842.
[32] K.Shirashi, T.Yang,and S.Kawakami. Light-propagation Characteristics in Thermally diffused expand core fiber[J]. Journal Of Lightwave Technology. 1993 ,vol 11, 1584-1591.
[33] Tadashi haibara,tsuyoshi nakashima, and hiroaki hanafusa. Connection loss reduction by thermally-diffued expanded core fiber. Photonics Technology Letters. 1991 vol 3,348-350.
[34] Yasuo Ohtera, Osamu Hanaizumi and Shojiro Kawakami. Numerical, Analysis of Eigenmodes and Splice Losses of Thermally Diffused Expanded Core Fiber. Journal Of Lightwave Technology. 1999, vol 17, 2675-2682.
[35] Osamu Hanaizumi, Yasuo Ohtera and Hiroaki Minamide. Fabrication of an Expanded Core Fiber Having MFD of 40 UM Preserving Outer Diameter. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 1994, vol 6, 842-844.
[36] 叶培大.光纤理论[M],上海:知识出版社1985,6—10.
[37] 陈智浩.高斯光束经GRIN棒透镜传输的几何模型[J].光纤与光缆及其应用技术 1994,3:5—6.
[38] Zygmunt Haas, Mario A.Santoro A mode filtering secheme for improvement of the bandwidth distance product in multimode fiber. J. Light wave Technol., 1993, vol. 11, 1125-1130.
[39] L.Raddatz, I.H.White, D.G..Cunningham and M.C.Nowell. Influence of restricted mode excitation on bandwidth of multimode fiber links. Photonics Technology Letters, 1998, vol. 10, 534-536.
[40] D.Gloge, Impulse response of clad optical multimode fiber, The Bell System Technical Journal, 1973, vol 52,, pp.801-816.
[41] W.A.Gambling, D.N.Payne, Gigahertz bandwidth in multimode, liquid-core, optical fiber waveguide, 1972, Optics Communication, vol 6,421-423.
[42] M. Webster, L. Raddatz, I. H. White, and D. G. Cunning, A statistical analysis of conditioned launch for gigabit rthernet links using multimode fiber. J. Light wave Technol., 1999, vol. 17, pp. 1532-1541.
[43] Z. Haas and M. A. Santoro, Mode filter secheme for improvement of the bandwidth-distance product in multimode fiber systems J. Lightwave Technol., 1993, vol. 11, pp. 1125-1131.
[44] L.Raddats, I.H.White, ect, Influnce of restricted mode exicitation on bandwidth of multimode fiber links, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 1998, vol. 10, pp. 534-536.
[45] Denis Donlagic, Brian Culshaw, Microbend sensor structure for for use indistributed and quasi-distributed sensor systems based on selective launching and filtering of the modesin graded index multimode fiber, J. Lightwave Technol., 1999, vol. 17, pp. 1856-1868.
[46]: Arun Kumar, Ravi K, Varshney ect, Transmission characteristics of SMS fiber optic sensor structures, Optics Communication, 2003, vol 39,215-219.
[47] 程宁,许培英.斜端面聚焦纤维透镜传输特性的理论分析[J],光电子·激光 1998,9(4)312-315
[48] 虞国华,刘水华,方罗珍等.光纤准直器的高回波损耗的理论分析与研究[J],光学学报,1997,17(3)367—372.
[49] 虞国华,向清,任雪斌等.自聚焦透镜离轴耦合损耗理论研究[J],光子学报,1997,26(1),76—79.
[50] Robert W.Gilsdorf and Joseph C.Palais Single mode fibercoupling efficiency with graded-index rod lenses Applied Optics, vol 33 no. 16, 1994, 3440-3445.
[51] Toyokazu Sakamoto Coupling characteristic analysis of single mode fiber and multimode fiber connectors using gradient-index-rod lenses, Applied Optics, 1992, vol 31 no.25, 5184-5190.
[52] Shifu Yuan and Nabeel A.Riza General formula for coupling loss characterization of single mode fiber collimators by use of gradient-index-rod lenses Applied Optics, 1999, vol 38 no. 15, 3214-3222.
[53] Nobukatsu Takai and Toshimitsu Asakura Statistical properties of laser speckles produced under illumination from a multimode optical fiber J Opt.Soc.Am, 1985,Vol.2,No 8,1282—1290.
[54] J.Deschamps, D.Courjion and J.Bulabois Gaussian Schell-mode sources:an example and some perspectives. J Opt.Soc.Am, 1983 Vol.73,No3,256—261
[55] 齐晓玲,王福娟,蔡志岗等.多模光纤出射光束光强分布的研究[J],半导体光电,2003年第二期.
[56] 王素芹,阮玉,殷东亮,杨中文.C-lens准直器回波损耗的理论计算与分析[J]光电子技术与信息2003 16(1),24—28.
[57] 顾德门,统计光学[M]北京:科学出版社 秦克诚等译1992.
[58] 羊国光,宋菲君.高等物理光学[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1991.