基于接触有限元六辊冷轧机板形控制研究
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摘要
板形是板带产品的重要质量指标,而板形控制是现代轧钢技术中的关键技术之一。为了满足现代板带生产的高质量和高生产率的需求,不仅要求板形控制具有较高的精度,而且还要有较强的在线可调性。
本文分析了目前常用的板形调节技术及其装置的优缺点;通过分析和研究轧辊弹性变形理论的计算方法(如简支梁法、合成梁法、弹性基础梁法、影响函数法等),推导出了六辊冷轧机辊系弹性变形公式;利用材料力学和理论力学的相关理论知识,推导出了板带凸度的理论计算公式;利用了MSC. MENTAT/MARC的非线性接触分析处理功能,以六辊冷轧机为对象完成了板形控制模型的计算分析,建立了板带宽度、工作辊直径、中间辊直径、支承辊直径、工作辊窜辊量、中间辊窜辊量、工作辊正弯辊力和中间辊正弯辊力等因素与板凸度之间关系的8个有限元子模型;通过对固定板带宽度的计算,得出这些因素的变化对板凸度的影响规律;与此同时,对不同板宽度在某一影响因素作用下的计算,找出各因素对不同的板带宽度板凸度的影响率;利用数学工具MATLAB拟合出这些因素对固定板宽板凸度变化的影响和对不同板宽板凸度变化影响率的曲线图。
本文利用有限元MSC.MENTAT/MARC的非线性接触分析计算方法,将轧辊处理为弹性接触变形体,将轧件处理成为弹塑性接触变形体,独立完成了板凸度的理论分析和有限元建模,为板形控制的研究提供了一种较为准确的算法,为生产实际操作提供了部分依据。
Profile is one of the most important indexes of strip quality, moreover, the profile control is the key technology in steel. To meet the need of high quality and productivity in strip milling, profile control is required to have a higher precision, as well as higher on-line regulation.
This paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of profile adjustment technology and its related apparatus which have been regularly used at present. The six-high mill elastic deformation formula was derived on the basis of the research and analysis on differ elastic deformation theories of rolls (for example, the method of freely supported beam、the method of composite beam、the method of spring beam、the method of influence function, etc). Furthermore, based on the theoretical knowledge of Mechanics of Materials and Theoretical Mechanics, the strip crown theoretical formula was derived too. Taking advantage of the powerful nonlinear contact analysis functions of MSC. MENTAT/MARC, this paper accomplished the analysis of profile control model which targeted the six-high mill. Moreover, this paper established eight finite element sub-model which was about the relationship between the degree of profile crowning and profile width, roll diameter, intermediate roll diameter, bearing roller diameter, roller channeling roll, in the middle roll channeling roller, Work Roll Bending strength, Roller is among Bending Force and other factors. The law about the impact of those factors’changes on the profile crowning was found out through the calculation of the fixed width of the profile. Meanwhile, after the calculation of different profile widths under a specific influencing factor, the impact rate was worked out, which caused by many factors on the profile crown of different strip width.Then with the mathematical tools MATLAB, the curve was worked out. It shows the impact on the crown changes of fixed width strip, and the impact rate of the crown changes of different width strip, which are all caused by these factors.
The paper adopted MSC.MENTAT/MARC nonlinear finite element analysis and calculation of contact function, and treated roll as elastic pieces and workpiece as elasto-plastic respectively, finally accomplished the crown of the theoretical analysis and finite element model. This study provided a more accurate algorithm for the further research of profile control, it supplied partial governing for production department.
本文分析了目前常用的板形调节技术及其装置的优缺点;通过分析和研究轧辊弹性变形理论的计算方法(如简支梁法、合成梁法、弹性基础梁法、影响函数法等),推导出了六辊冷轧机辊系弹性变形公式;利用材料力学和理论力学的相关理论知识,推导出了板带凸度的理论计算公式;利用了MSC. MENTAT/MARC的非线性接触分析处理功能,以六辊冷轧机为对象完成了板形控制模型的计算分析,建立了板带宽度、工作辊直径、中间辊直径、支承辊直径、工作辊窜辊量、中间辊窜辊量、工作辊正弯辊力和中间辊正弯辊力等因素与板凸度之间关系的8个有限元子模型;通过对固定板带宽度的计算,得出这些因素的变化对板凸度的影响规律;与此同时,对不同板宽度在某一影响因素作用下的计算,找出各因素对不同的板带宽度板凸度的影响率;利用数学工具MATLAB拟合出这些因素对固定板宽板凸度变化的影响和对不同板宽板凸度变化影响率的曲线图。
本文利用有限元MSC.MENTAT/MARC的非线性接触分析计算方法,将轧辊处理为弹性接触变形体,将轧件处理成为弹塑性接触变形体,独立完成了板凸度的理论分析和有限元建模,为板形控制的研究提供了一种较为准确的算法,为生产实际操作提供了部分依据。
Profile is one of the most important indexes of strip quality, moreover, the profile control is the key technology in steel. To meet the need of high quality and productivity in strip milling, profile control is required to have a higher precision, as well as higher on-line regulation.
This paper analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of profile adjustment technology and its related apparatus which have been regularly used at present. The six-high mill elastic deformation formula was derived on the basis of the research and analysis on differ elastic deformation theories of rolls (for example, the method of freely supported beam、the method of composite beam、the method of spring beam、the method of influence function, etc). Furthermore, based on the theoretical knowledge of Mechanics of Materials and Theoretical Mechanics, the strip crown theoretical formula was derived too. Taking advantage of the powerful nonlinear contact analysis functions of MSC. MENTAT/MARC, this paper accomplished the analysis of profile control model which targeted the six-high mill. Moreover, this paper established eight finite element sub-model which was about the relationship between the degree of profile crowning and profile width, roll diameter, intermediate roll diameter, bearing roller diameter, roller channeling roll, in the middle roll channeling roller, Work Roll Bending strength, Roller is among Bending Force and other factors. The law about the impact of those factors’changes on the profile crowning was found out through the calculation of the fixed width of the profile. Meanwhile, after the calculation of different profile widths under a specific influencing factor, the impact rate was worked out, which caused by many factors on the profile crown of different strip width.Then with the mathematical tools MATLAB, the curve was worked out. It shows the impact on the crown changes of fixed width strip, and the impact rate of the crown changes of different width strip, which are all caused by these factors.
The paper adopted MSC.MENTAT/MARC nonlinear finite element analysis and calculation of contact function, and treated roll as elastic pieces and workpiece as elasto-plastic respectively, finally accomplished the crown of the theoretical analysis and finite element model. This study provided a more accurate algorithm for the further research of profile control, it supplied partial governing for production department.
引文
[1] 黄庆学, 梁爱生. 高精度轧制技术. 冶金工业出版社, 2002
[2] 薛守义. 有限单元法. 中国建材工业出版社, 2005
[3] 陈火红. Marc 有限元实例分析教程. 机械工业出版社, 2002
[4] 曲东平. Solid edge 基础教程. 机械工业出版社, 2002
[5] 邹家祥. 轧钢机械. 冶金工业出版社, 2000
[6] 王邦文. 新型轧机. 冶金工业出版社, 1994
[7] 邹家祥. 轧钢机械. 冶金工业出版社, 2006
[8] 吕立华. 金属塑性变形与轧制原理, 2006
[9] 王国栋. 板形控制和板形理论. 冶金工业出版社, 1986
[10] [美]V.B.金兹伯格著. 高精度板带材轧制理论与实践. 冶金工业出版社, 2000
[11] [美]V.B.金兹伯格著. 板带轧制工艺学. 冶金工业出版社. 1998
[12] 邹家祥. 冶金机械的力学行为. 科学出版社, 1999
[13] 张清东, 黄纶伟, 周晓敏. 宽带钢轧机板形控制技术比较研究. 北京科技大学学报, 2000. Vol.22 No.2
[14] 赵林, 宋岚等. 板形控制技术现状及今后发展方向. 轧钢, 1995. No.3
[15] N.vazzoler. 六辊 3C 技术冷轧机新概念. 冶金设备, 2000
[16] 白金兰. 六辊轧机辊间压力分布解析. 东北大学学报, 2005
[17] 魏娟. 六辊轧机辊系变形的有限元分析. 冶金设备, 2006
[18] 于凤仁. 六辊轧机结构型式的新发展. 鞍钢技术, 1991
[19] 邸红双. 带有中间辊横移的新型六辊轧机的刚度特性. 东北大学学报, 1999
[20] 王滨生. 900MS 六辊冷轧机研制. 机械制造, 2004
[21] 韩旭中. 可逆式宽带钢冷轧机的现状和发展. 轧钢, 2004
[22] 魏立群. 六辊轧机轧辊间的压力计算. 上海应用技术学院学报, 2003
[23] 陈火红. MSC.MENTAT/MARC 培训教程和实例. 科学技术出版社, 2004
[24] 梁清香. 有限元与 Marc 实现. 机械工业出版社, 2005
[25] 刘兵山. Patran 从入门到精通. 中国水利水电出版社, 2002
[26] 庞玉华 , 毛晓春等. 现代板形控制手段的新进展. 重型机械, 1998. No.2
[27] 熊及滋. 压力加工设备. 冶金工业出版社, 1995
[28] 卢秉林. 板形——板厚综合控制方法的探讨. 冶金设备, 2002. No.134
[29] 张进之. 板形理论的进步与应用. 冶金设备, 2001. No.125
[30] 颜景星. 实用板形方程的建立和应用. 钢铁, 1999. Vol.34 No.6
[31] 贺毓辛. 韩静涛等. 板形综合治理浅谈. 宝钢技术, 1999.3
[32] 张铁. 板带材板形与横向厚差的关系. 轻金属, 1998. No.4
[33] 刘建昌. 顾树生等. 板形最优综合控制算法. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 1996. Vol.17 No.3
[34] 周善坤. 板形控制的基本原理. 轻合金加工技术, 1998. Vol.26 No.12
[35] 《机械设计手册》联合编写组编. 机械设计手册中册——机械设计计算. 化学工业出版社, 1982.10
[36] 刘鸿文. 材料力学. 高等教育出版社, 1992
[37] 孙蓟泉. 板形控制技术及应用 鞍钢技术, 2006
[38] 杨美顺. 现代冷轧机发展现状及展望. 中国冶金, 2004
[39] 石晓玉. 液压弯辊板形控制的分析与建模. 重庆大学硕士学位论文, 2004
[40] V.B.Ginzburg. et al. “Application of the ROLLFLEXTM Computer Model for Analysis of the Strip Profile and Flatness in Rolling Mills”. Paper presented at the 1987 AISE Annual Convention. Pittsburgh. Pa. Sept. 21-24. 1987
[41] V.B.Ginzburg. Geometry of Flat Rolled Products. Rolling Mill Technology Series. Vol.2 United Engineering Inc. Pittsburgh. Pa. 1990
[42] E.C.Larke. The Rolling of Sheet,Strip and Plate. Science Paperbacks and Chapman and Hall Ltd. London. 1967
[43] K.N.Shohet and N.A.Townsend,“Flatness Control in Plate Rolling”,Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,Oct. 1971
[44] Y.Takashima,et al,“Studies on the Strip Crown Control for Hot Strip Rolling-Double Chock Work Roll Bending System(DC-WRB)”,IHI Engineering Review,Vol.12 No.3,Oct. 1979
[45] R.M.Guo and J.H.Schunk,“Determination of Optimum Work Roll Crown for a Hot Strip Mill”,AISE Year Book,1989
[46] V.B.Ginzburg,et al. “Application of the Off-Line Computer Model MIILMAXR at Weirton Steel,s Hot Strip Mill”,AISE Year Book,1988
[47] R.R.Somers,et al,“Verification and Application of a Model for Predicting Hot Strip Profile,Crown and Flatness”,AISE Year Book,1984
[48] AISE Hot Strip Mill Profile and Flatness Study,Phase I,Association of Iron and Steel Engineers,Pittsburgh,Pa. 1986
[49] M.Okado,et al,“New Light on Behavior of Width of Edge of Head and Tail of Slabs in Hot Strip Rolling Mills”,Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,Vol.67 No.15,1981
[50] K.Saxl,“Transverse Gauge Variation in Strip and Sheet Rolling”,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Vol.172,1958
[51] J.F.McDermott,“Computer Roll Deflection Program for Predicting Strip Crown”,AISE Year Book,1984
[52] G.Wang,et al,“The Roll Elastic Deformation in the Mills with Rolls Shifted Transversely”,Proceedings of the 4th International Steel Rolling Conference:The Science and Technology of Flat Rolling,Vol.2,Deauville,France,1987
[53] C.S.Desai and J.F.Abel,Introduction to the Finite Element Method,Van Nostrand Reinhold,New York,1972
[54] R.H.Gallagher,Finite Element Analysis Fundamentals,Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,1975
[2] 薛守义. 有限单元法. 中国建材工业出版社, 2005
[3] 陈火红. Marc 有限元实例分析教程. 机械工业出版社, 2002
[4] 曲东平. Solid edge 基础教程. 机械工业出版社, 2002
[5] 邹家祥. 轧钢机械. 冶金工业出版社, 2000
[6] 王邦文. 新型轧机. 冶金工业出版社, 1994
[7] 邹家祥. 轧钢机械. 冶金工业出版社, 2006
[8] 吕立华. 金属塑性变形与轧制原理, 2006
[9] 王国栋. 板形控制和板形理论. 冶金工业出版社, 1986
[10] [美]V.B.金兹伯格著. 高精度板带材轧制理论与实践. 冶金工业出版社, 2000
[11] [美]V.B.金兹伯格著. 板带轧制工艺学. 冶金工业出版社. 1998
[12] 邹家祥. 冶金机械的力学行为. 科学出版社, 1999
[13] 张清东, 黄纶伟, 周晓敏. 宽带钢轧机板形控制技术比较研究. 北京科技大学学报, 2000. Vol.22 No.2
[14] 赵林, 宋岚等. 板形控制技术现状及今后发展方向. 轧钢, 1995. No.3
[15] N.vazzoler. 六辊 3C 技术冷轧机新概念. 冶金设备, 2000
[16] 白金兰. 六辊轧机辊间压力分布解析. 东北大学学报, 2005
[17] 魏娟. 六辊轧机辊系变形的有限元分析. 冶金设备, 2006
[18] 于凤仁. 六辊轧机结构型式的新发展. 鞍钢技术, 1991
[19] 邸红双. 带有中间辊横移的新型六辊轧机的刚度特性. 东北大学学报, 1999
[20] 王滨生. 900MS 六辊冷轧机研制. 机械制造, 2004
[21] 韩旭中. 可逆式宽带钢冷轧机的现状和发展. 轧钢, 2004
[22] 魏立群. 六辊轧机轧辊间的压力计算. 上海应用技术学院学报, 2003
[23] 陈火红. MSC.MENTAT/MARC 培训教程和实例. 科学技术出版社, 2004
[24] 梁清香. 有限元与 Marc 实现. 机械工业出版社, 2005
[25] 刘兵山. Patran 从入门到精通. 中国水利水电出版社, 2002
[26] 庞玉华 , 毛晓春等. 现代板形控制手段的新进展. 重型机械, 1998. No.2
[27] 熊及滋. 压力加工设备. 冶金工业出版社, 1995
[28] 卢秉林. 板形——板厚综合控制方法的探讨. 冶金设备, 2002. No.134
[29] 张进之. 板形理论的进步与应用. 冶金设备, 2001. No.125
[30] 颜景星. 实用板形方程的建立和应用. 钢铁, 1999. Vol.34 No.6
[31] 贺毓辛. 韩静涛等. 板形综合治理浅谈. 宝钢技术, 1999.3
[32] 张铁. 板带材板形与横向厚差的关系. 轻金属, 1998. No.4
[33] 刘建昌. 顾树生等. 板形最优综合控制算法. 东北大学学报(自然科学版), 1996. Vol.17 No.3
[34] 周善坤. 板形控制的基本原理. 轻合金加工技术, 1998. Vol.26 No.12
[35] 《机械设计手册》联合编写组编. 机械设计手册中册——机械设计计算. 化学工业出版社, 1982.10
[36] 刘鸿文. 材料力学. 高等教育出版社, 1992
[37] 孙蓟泉. 板形控制技术及应用 鞍钢技术, 2006
[38] 杨美顺. 现代冷轧机发展现状及展望. 中国冶金, 2004
[39] 石晓玉. 液压弯辊板形控制的分析与建模. 重庆大学硕士学位论文, 2004
[40] V.B.Ginzburg. et al. “Application of the ROLLFLEXTM Computer Model for Analysis of the Strip Profile and Flatness in Rolling Mills”. Paper presented at the 1987 AISE Annual Convention. Pittsburgh. Pa. Sept. 21-24. 1987
[41] V.B.Ginzburg. Geometry of Flat Rolled Products. Rolling Mill Technology Series. Vol.2 United Engineering Inc. Pittsburgh. Pa. 1990
[42] E.C.Larke. The Rolling of Sheet,Strip and Plate. Science Paperbacks and Chapman and Hall Ltd. London. 1967
[43] K.N.Shohet and N.A.Townsend,“Flatness Control in Plate Rolling”,Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute,Oct. 1971
[44] Y.Takashima,et al,“Studies on the Strip Crown Control for Hot Strip Rolling-Double Chock Work Roll Bending System(DC-WRB)”,IHI Engineering Review,Vol.12 No.3,Oct. 1979
[45] R.M.Guo and J.H.Schunk,“Determination of Optimum Work Roll Crown for a Hot Strip Mill”,AISE Year Book,1989
[46] V.B.Ginzburg,et al. “Application of the Off-Line Computer Model MIILMAXR at Weirton Steel,s Hot Strip Mill”,AISE Year Book,1988
[47] R.R.Somers,et al,“Verification and Application of a Model for Predicting Hot Strip Profile,Crown and Flatness”,AISE Year Book,1984
[48] AISE Hot Strip Mill Profile and Flatness Study,Phase I,Association of Iron and Steel Engineers,Pittsburgh,Pa. 1986
[49] M.Okado,et al,“New Light on Behavior of Width of Edge of Head and Tail of Slabs in Hot Strip Rolling Mills”,Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,Vol.67 No.15,1981
[50] K.Saxl,“Transverse Gauge Variation in Strip and Sheet Rolling”,Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Vol.172,1958
[51] J.F.McDermott,“Computer Roll Deflection Program for Predicting Strip Crown”,AISE Year Book,1984
[52] G.Wang,et al,“The Roll Elastic Deformation in the Mills with Rolls Shifted Transversely”,Proceedings of the 4th International Steel Rolling Conference:The Science and Technology of Flat Rolling,Vol.2,Deauville,France,1987
[53] C.S.Desai and J.F.Abel,Introduction to the Finite Element Method,Van Nostrand Reinhold,New York,1972
[54] R.H.Gallagher,Finite Element Analysis Fundamentals,Prentice-Hall,Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,1975