异丙醇油脂浸出工艺的研究
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摘要
本论文对用异丙醇代替正己烷浸出大豆油,花生油和棉籽油
    的工艺及能量回收进行了研究。目的是在保证安全、低消耗情况
    下用异丙醇浸出高品质的油脂和粕。
     通过实验,对比了异丙醇和正己烷浸出的油脂和粕的质量。
    异丙醇浸出的大豆油脂含磷脂0.1%,游离脂肪酸0.09%,豆粕的
    蛋白质分散指数为61;正己烷浸出的大豆油脂含磷脂2.1%,游离
    脂肪酸0.7%,豆粕的蛋白质分散指数为14。异丙醇浸出的棉籽
    油不含游离棉酚和黄曲霉毒素,棉籽饼粕中游离棉酚残留
    0.013%,黄曲霉毒素残留0.0002%。异丙醇浸出的花生油含游离
    脂肪酸0.45%,花生粕含油3.4%,蛋白质43.1%,灰分6.5%。
     异丙醇浸出的油脂和粕的质量比正己烷好,使用与正己烷相
    同的浸出条件,则溶剂比高达2.5:1;同时蒸发回收异丙醇所需的
    能量消耗是正己烷的5倍。为了降低溶剂比和回收异丙醇的能量
    消耗,引进了膨化预处理,冷却分离混合油,循环分离后的混合
    油上相液和膜过滤。浸出溶剂比达到1:1。
     在可接受的费用范围内膜过滤使异丙醇达到93%以上的纯
    度。蒸发1kg的87.7%异丙醇需能量865.2kj,冷却分离仅需43.26kj,
    这是蒸发能量的5%。冷却分离,然后用硅橡胶膜进行过滤的方法
    从混合油中回收溶剂,再把浸出前使物料干燥到3.5%的水分含量
    的能量消耗计算在内,异丙醇冷却回收过程可节约22%的能量。
     异丙醇的易燃性和易爆性低于正己烷,浸出的油和粕的质量
    较好,因此,在采用膨化预处理,冷却分离混合油,循环上相液
    和膜过滤回收异丙醇的条件下,异丙醇代替正己烷作为浸出溶剂
    是可行的。
The research was conducted for the processing technology and
     energy recycling to evaluate isopropyl alcohol as an alternative of
     hexane for extraction soybean, peanut and cottonseed oils. The object
     was to extract high quality oil and meal by isopropyl alcohol at low
     costs and high safety.
    
     The quality of oil and meal of isopropyl alcohol extraction were
     compared with those of hexane. The soy oil extracted by isopropyl
     alcohol comprised 0.1% lecithin, 0.09% free fatty acid, the Protein
     Dispersion Index (PDI) of soy meal was 61; the hexane extracted soy
     oil comprised 2.1% lecithin, 0.7% free fatty acid, the PDI of soy meal
     was 14. The cotton seed oil extracted by isopropyl alcohol did not
     comprised free cotton hydroxybenzene and aflatoxin, there were
     0.013% free cotton hydroxybenzene and 0.0002% aflatoxin in the
     meal. The peanut oil extracted by isopropyl alcohol comprised 0.45%
     free fatty acid, the meal comprised 3% water, 3.4% oil, 43.1% protein
     and 6.5% ash.
    
     The oil and meal quality of isopropyl alcohol extracted were
     better than hexane extracted. The solvent ratio would be 2.5 1, if the
     extraction condition was the same as hexane, which needed 5 times
     energy to recycle the isopropyl alcohol. For detracted the solvent ratio
     and energy for recycling the solvent, the expanding, chilling
     separating miscella, recycling tip-phase and the membrane filtration.
     The resulted ratio was 1:1.
    
    
    
     3
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
     By membrane filtration isopropyl alcohol was concentrated to
     more than 93% at acceptable costs. 865.2kj energy was needed to
     evaporate 1 kg 87.7% isopropyl alcohol water azeotrope, only 43.26kj
     was needed for chilling, equivalent to 5% of that of evaporation.
     Plus the expense of drying collets to 3.5% moisture before extraction,
     22% energy was saved by used chilling separation and membrane
     filtration.
    
     isopropyl alcohol was not prone to fire and explosion compared
     with hexane. Better qualities of oil and meal were resulted by
     isopropyl alcohol extraction. Base on the expanding, chilling
     separation, recycling up-phase and membrane filtration, isopropyl
     alcohol is feasible as a replacement solvent for hexane.
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