输电线微风振动及次档距振荡控制研究
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摘要
微风振动和次档距振荡容易导致架空输电线、电力金具的破坏，对输电线的安全可靠运行有着极大的威胁。随着我国特高压输电线路的大规模建设，由于输电线的直径、单位长度重量都有所增大，悬挂点高度也有所增加，因此，更容易发生微风振动和次档距振荡。而特高压输电工程作为影响力十分大的生命线工程，若遭到破坏将导致巨大的经济损失和其他次生灾害。为了保证特高压输电线的安全运行，对输电线的微风振动和次档距振荡控制提出了更高的要求，而目前的计算理论难以满足工程设计的需要，因此急需对这方面进行深入的研究。
本文对输电线的微风振动控制和次档距振荡进行了多方面的研究，主要包括能量平衡法的改进、防振锤-输电线耦合系统的振动求解、阻尼线的耗能计算理论、微风振动的室内模拟试验、分裂导线微风振动的精细计算理论、多分裂导线的最大次档距和阻尼间隔棒优化布置等几部分，具体如下：
首先分析了微风振动传统计算方法能量平衡法计算误差较大的原因，分别从风能输入功率、输电线自阻尼功率、防振锤消耗功率、输电线-防振锤耦合体系的振动求解等方面，对能量平衡法进行了改进，使能量平衡法可以考虑更多的影响因素以提高求解精度。并基于改进后能量平衡法编制了计算机辅助计算程序。
利用奇异摄动法求解了阻尼线的静态大变形方程，得到了阻尼线的静态大变形的形态计算结果。分析了阻尼线的设计参数对阻尼线静力形态、内力状况的影响规律。通过用伽辽金法求解阻尼线的振动控制方程，得到了阻尼线的振动频率和内力响应，给出了阻尼线的耗能计算方法。从而使能量平衡法可以考虑阻尼线的耗能。
为对理论研究成果进行验证，设计进行了微风振动的室内模拟试验。通过输电线自阻尼测试试验，验证了改进后输电线自阻尼计算公式的合理性；通过防振锤不同安装位置时的消振试验，间接验证了优化后的防振锤安装位置计算方法的科学性；通过阻尼线的消振试验，证明了阻尼线耗能计算理论的正确性。
建立了阻尼间隔棒的数学模型，给出了间隔棒的阻抗矩阵和耗能计算公式。然后，推导出了考虑阻尼间隔棒阻抗影响的分裂导线体系的振动方程组(含超越函数和复数)，通过求解超越特征值得到分裂导线的振动频率和模态，得到各间隔棒、各段子导线的振幅比，从而使分裂导线可以象单导线一样应用能量平衡法进行精细求解。
分析了分裂导线次档距振荡的影响因素，推导了考虑抗吸附条件、子导线振幅限制和扭转恢复特性要求的多分裂导线最大次档距的计算方法。给出了改进后的阻尼间隔棒优化布置计算方法和计算步骤。并提出了两种新次档距振荡控制方案的构想。
输电线的微风振动控制和次档距振荡控制研究是一个有着重大理论意义和社会经济意义的课题。希望本文的研究能够为特高压输电工程的建设提供一些有益参考，为输电线的微风振动控制设计及次档距振荡控制设计提供更为有效的理论依据，为以后更深入的研究打下一点基础。
Aeolian vibration and subspan oscillation very easily lead to damage of overhead transmission lines and electric power fittings, which has a very serious threat to the safe and reliable operation of transmission lines. With the Ultra-high Voltage(UHV) transmission lines of large-scale constructed in China, as the transmission lines in diameter, weight per unit length has increased, the suspension height also increased, therefore, their vibration condition becomes more serious. Moreover UHV transmission project as a great influence lifeline project, if be destructed would lead to huge economic losses and other secondary disasters. In order to ensure the safe operation of UHV transmission lines, a higher demand was put forward to the vibration control of aeolian vibration and subspan oscillation, but theoretical calculation of the current difficult to meet the needs of engineering design. There was an urgent need in this regard to conduct in-depth research.
In this dissertation, the studies on the control of aeolian vibration and subspan oscillation of power transmission lines are performed. The research content includes: improvement of energy balance method, vibration solution of stockbridge dampers-conductor coupling system, calculation theory of energy damping of wire damper, the indoor simulation experiments of aeolian vibration, precise calculation theory of aeolian vibration of bundle conductors, the largest subspan distance of bundle conductors and optimize the layout of spacer dampers. The specific contents are as follows:
Firstly, the causes of energy balance method result has some errors is analyzed. Then energy balance method is improved from the following aspects: the wind power input, the conductor self-damping, the damper dissipated power and vibration solution of Stockbridge dampers-conductor coupling system. So that improved energy balance method can consider more influential factors to enhance accuracy. Then computer-aided calculation procedures were programed based on the improved energy balance method, which lay the foundation for the control of aeolian vibration research.
After the theoretical mechanical model of wire damper is built, the large static deformation of wire damper is solved and established by using singular perturbation method, so the influence of wire damper's design parameters on the static line shape, internal forces are studied. The vibration control equation of wire damper is solved by Galerkin method, so the vibration frequency and internal forces response are obtained. Then energy dissipation calculation formulae of wire damper are derived, so the vibration energy dissipated by wire dampers can be considered in energy balance method. Theoretical calculation results were compared with the results of laboratory tests, the results proved the correctness of theoretical calculations.
In order to verify the results of theoretical studies, the indoor aeolian vibration simulation tests are designed. Through the conductor self damping measurements verified the rationality of improved formula for calculating transmission line self damping; through the damping tests of stockbridge damper is installed in different location, indirectly verified the correctness of the location optimized calculation of the stockbridge damper; through the damping test of wire dampers, the correctness of damping energy calculated theory of wire dampers are proved.
A mathematical model of damping spacer damper is established, then the impedance matrix and energy consuming formulae of spacer dampers are derived. Afterward, vibration equations of bundle conductors system which consider the effects of spacer dampers are derived(including transcendental function and plural), the vibration frequencies and modes of bundle conductors system are got by solving the transcendental eigenvalues of these equations. Then the amplitude ratio of each spacer dampers to sub-conductors are got, so bundle conductors can be exactly solved with the application of energy balance method as single-conductor.
The influencing factors of bundle conductors' subspan oscillation are introduced, then largest subspan distance of bundle conductors are calculated with considering anti-adsorption conditions, the amplitude limitations of sub-conductors and requirements of the reverse recovery characteristics. Afterwards, the calculation method of optimal spacer placement in the bundle conductor span is given out. At last, two new tentative control schemes for subspan oscillations are presented.
Study the aeolian vibration control of transmission lines and subspan oscillation control of bundle conductors has great theoretical significance and social economic significance. The work of this dissertation hopes to provide some useful reference for the construction of UHV transmission projects, hopes to provide a more effective theoretical basis for the design of aeolian vibration control and subspan oscillation control, and hopes to lay the foundation for a more in depth study of this subject in the future.
本文对输电线的微风振动控制和次档距振荡进行了多方面的研究，主要包括能量平衡法的改进、防振锤-输电线耦合系统的振动求解、阻尼线的耗能计算理论、微风振动的室内模拟试验、分裂导线微风振动的精细计算理论、多分裂导线的最大次档距和阻尼间隔棒优化布置等几部分，具体如下：
首先分析了微风振动传统计算方法能量平衡法计算误差较大的原因，分别从风能输入功率、输电线自阻尼功率、防振锤消耗功率、输电线-防振锤耦合体系的振动求解等方面，对能量平衡法进行了改进，使能量平衡法可以考虑更多的影响因素以提高求解精度。并基于改进后能量平衡法编制了计算机辅助计算程序。
利用奇异摄动法求解了阻尼线的静态大变形方程，得到了阻尼线的静态大变形的形态计算结果。分析了阻尼线的设计参数对阻尼线静力形态、内力状况的影响规律。通过用伽辽金法求解阻尼线的振动控制方程，得到了阻尼线的振动频率和内力响应，给出了阻尼线的耗能计算方法。从而使能量平衡法可以考虑阻尼线的耗能。
为对理论研究成果进行验证，设计进行了微风振动的室内模拟试验。通过输电线自阻尼测试试验，验证了改进后输电线自阻尼计算公式的合理性；通过防振锤不同安装位置时的消振试验，间接验证了优化后的防振锤安装位置计算方法的科学性；通过阻尼线的消振试验，证明了阻尼线耗能计算理论的正确性。
建立了阻尼间隔棒的数学模型，给出了间隔棒的阻抗矩阵和耗能计算公式。然后，推导出了考虑阻尼间隔棒阻抗影响的分裂导线体系的振动方程组(含超越函数和复数)，通过求解超越特征值得到分裂导线的振动频率和模态，得到各间隔棒、各段子导线的振幅比，从而使分裂导线可以象单导线一样应用能量平衡法进行精细求解。
分析了分裂导线次档距振荡的影响因素，推导了考虑抗吸附条件、子导线振幅限制和扭转恢复特性要求的多分裂导线最大次档距的计算方法。给出了改进后的阻尼间隔棒优化布置计算方法和计算步骤。并提出了两种新次档距振荡控制方案的构想。
输电线的微风振动控制和次档距振荡控制研究是一个有着重大理论意义和社会经济意义的课题。希望本文的研究能够为特高压输电工程的建设提供一些有益参考，为输电线的微风振动控制设计及次档距振荡控制设计提供更为有效的理论依据，为以后更深入的研究打下一点基础。
Aeolian vibration and subspan oscillation very easily lead to damage of overhead transmission lines and electric power fittings, which has a very serious threat to the safe and reliable operation of transmission lines. With the Ultra-high Voltage(UHV) transmission lines of large-scale constructed in China, as the transmission lines in diameter, weight per unit length has increased, the suspension height also increased, therefore, their vibration condition becomes more serious. Moreover UHV transmission project as a great influence lifeline project, if be destructed would lead to huge economic losses and other secondary disasters. In order to ensure the safe operation of UHV transmission lines, a higher demand was put forward to the vibration control of aeolian vibration and subspan oscillation, but theoretical calculation of the current difficult to meet the needs of engineering design. There was an urgent need in this regard to conduct in-depth research.
In this dissertation, the studies on the control of aeolian vibration and subspan oscillation of power transmission lines are performed. The research content includes: improvement of energy balance method, vibration solution of stockbridge dampers-conductor coupling system, calculation theory of energy damping of wire damper, the indoor simulation experiments of aeolian vibration, precise calculation theory of aeolian vibration of bundle conductors, the largest subspan distance of bundle conductors and optimize the layout of spacer dampers. The specific contents are as follows:
Firstly, the causes of energy balance method result has some errors is analyzed. Then energy balance method is improved from the following aspects: the wind power input, the conductor self-damping, the damper dissipated power and vibration solution of Stockbridge dampers-conductor coupling system. So that improved energy balance method can consider more influential factors to enhance accuracy. Then computer-aided calculation procedures were programed based on the improved energy balance method, which lay the foundation for the control of aeolian vibration research.
After the theoretical mechanical model of wire damper is built, the large static deformation of wire damper is solved and established by using singular perturbation method, so the influence of wire damper's design parameters on the static line shape, internal forces are studied. The vibration control equation of wire damper is solved by Galerkin method, so the vibration frequency and internal forces response are obtained. Then energy dissipation calculation formulae of wire damper are derived, so the vibration energy dissipated by wire dampers can be considered in energy balance method. Theoretical calculation results were compared with the results of laboratory tests, the results proved the correctness of theoretical calculations.
In order to verify the results of theoretical studies, the indoor aeolian vibration simulation tests are designed. Through the conductor self damping measurements verified the rationality of improved formula for calculating transmission line self damping; through the damping tests of stockbridge damper is installed in different location, indirectly verified the correctness of the location optimized calculation of the stockbridge damper; through the damping test of wire dampers, the correctness of damping energy calculated theory of wire dampers are proved.
A mathematical model of damping spacer damper is established, then the impedance matrix and energy consuming formulae of spacer dampers are derived. Afterward, vibration equations of bundle conductors system which consider the effects of spacer dampers are derived(including transcendental function and plural), the vibration frequencies and modes of bundle conductors system are got by solving the transcendental eigenvalues of these equations. Then the amplitude ratio of each spacer dampers to sub-conductors are got, so bundle conductors can be exactly solved with the application of energy balance method as single-conductor.
The influencing factors of bundle conductors' subspan oscillation are introduced, then largest subspan distance of bundle conductors are calculated with considering anti-adsorption conditions, the amplitude limitations of sub-conductors and requirements of the reverse recovery characteristics. Afterwards, the calculation method of optimal spacer placement in the bundle conductor span is given out. At last, two new tentative control schemes for subspan oscillations are presented.
Study the aeolian vibration control of transmission lines and subspan oscillation control of bundle conductors has great theoretical significance and social economic significance. The work of this dissertation hopes to provide some useful reference for the construction of UHV transmission projects, hopes to provide a more effective theoretical basis for the design of aeolian vibration control and subspan oscillation control, and hopes to lay the foundation for a more in depth study of this subject in the future.
引文
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