低渗透油田表面活性剂降压增注实验研究
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摘要
低渗透油藏石油储量已成为我国石油资源的重要组成部分,我国的大部分低渗透油田主要以注水开发方式为主,低渗透油藏普遍存在着孔喉细小、渗透率低、渗流阻力大等特征,加之储层中存在敏感矿物、注入水不配伍等因素导致油层伤害,油层吸水能力不断降低,注水压力不断上升,直接影响油田的采油速度。常规的压裂酸化等增注措施作用范围较小且有效期短,而表面活性剂增注伴随着注水进行,处理半径较大,已经在中高渗透油藏开发过程得到了良好的开发效果,因此,研究低渗油藏表面活性剂驱降压增注机理及方法,对有效开发低渗油藏、缓解开发中存在的问题具有重要的意义。
本文以室内实验为手段,首先对储层敏感性、水驱渗流特征及储层孔隙结构进行了研究,以界面张力为主要评价指标,筛选出适合低渗透储层的表面活性剂,研究了表面活性剂浓度、地层水矿化度和pH值等对表面活性剂性能的影响。通过天然岩心降压实验,系统研究了表面活性剂段塞尺寸、注入速度以及注入时机对天然岩心降压增注效果的影响。研究表明,所筛选的表面活性剂可以有效降低注入压力,改善油水两相渗流特征,提高油水相对渗透率,扩大油水两相共渗区范围;降压增注效果随表面活性剂段塞尺寸增大而增大,随注入速度的增大而减小;表面活性剂的最佳注入参数为:表面活性剂NS-1的最佳浓度为0.5%,最佳注入量为1PV;表面活性剂SR-1的最佳浓度为0.3%,最佳注入量为1PV。
the reserve of low permeability reservoirs has become an important part of petroleum resources in our country. Most of the low permeability oilfield in China is mainly waterflooding development approach.The physical properties of low permeability reservoirs are usually different from common reservoirs,and pore small, low permeability and large flow resistance are commonly found in low permeability reservoirs.In addition sensitive minerals are in the reservoir and the injection of water is not compatible.These factors cause great damage to the formation.The injection pressure is increasing and the injection rate is reducinge.Furthermore, the scope of the common fracture and acid is small and the effective time is short.Surfactant associated with water injection to deal with larger radius,surfactant flooding in high permeability reservoirs has achieved good results.So the study of surfactant flooding in lowering injection pressure is significant to the development of low permeability reservoirs.
In this paper, laboratory experiments as a means of water flooding characteristics in low permeability reservoir were studied.The interfacial tension is the main evaluation index of the surfactant used for reducing injecting pressure.The concentrations of surfactant,salinity and pH on interfacial tension behaviors are investigated.Carried out chemical flooding to reduce injecting pressure tests,evaluated the influence of surfactant flooding in low permeability reservoirs.Also,the surfactant slug size,injection rate and injection opportunity on reducing injecting pressure are investigated.Research indicates that surfactant flooding can reduce the injection pressure of lowpermeability cores,improve the two phase flow characteristics,increase the relative permeability of both phases,widen two phase flow region Detection results exhibit that with the increase of the surfactant slug size,the lowering injection pressure effectiveness rises,which decreases with the injection rate.There is a best parameter combination in surfactant flooding. surfactant concentration of NS-1 is 0.5%, the best injection volume is 1PV, the optimal concentration of surfactant SR -J3 is 0.3%, the best injection volume is 1PV.
本文以室内实验为手段,首先对储层敏感性、水驱渗流特征及储层孔隙结构进行了研究,以界面张力为主要评价指标,筛选出适合低渗透储层的表面活性剂,研究了表面活性剂浓度、地层水矿化度和pH值等对表面活性剂性能的影响。通过天然岩心降压实验,系统研究了表面活性剂段塞尺寸、注入速度以及注入时机对天然岩心降压增注效果的影响。研究表明,所筛选的表面活性剂可以有效降低注入压力,改善油水两相渗流特征,提高油水相对渗透率,扩大油水两相共渗区范围;降压增注效果随表面活性剂段塞尺寸增大而增大,随注入速度的增大而减小;表面活性剂的最佳注入参数为:表面活性剂NS-1的最佳浓度为0.5%,最佳注入量为1PV;表面活性剂SR-1的最佳浓度为0.3%,最佳注入量为1PV。
the reserve of low permeability reservoirs has become an important part of petroleum resources in our country. Most of the low permeability oilfield in China is mainly waterflooding development approach.The physical properties of low permeability reservoirs are usually different from common reservoirs,and pore small, low permeability and large flow resistance are commonly found in low permeability reservoirs.In addition sensitive minerals are in the reservoir and the injection of water is not compatible.These factors cause great damage to the formation.The injection pressure is increasing and the injection rate is reducinge.Furthermore, the scope of the common fracture and acid is small and the effective time is short.Surfactant associated with water injection to deal with larger radius,surfactant flooding in high permeability reservoirs has achieved good results.So the study of surfactant flooding in lowering injection pressure is significant to the development of low permeability reservoirs.
In this paper, laboratory experiments as a means of water flooding characteristics in low permeability reservoir were studied.The interfacial tension is the main evaluation index of the surfactant used for reducing injecting pressure.The concentrations of surfactant,salinity and pH on interfacial tension behaviors are investigated.Carried out chemical flooding to reduce injecting pressure tests,evaluated the influence of surfactant flooding in low permeability reservoirs.Also,the surfactant slug size,injection rate and injection opportunity on reducing injecting pressure are investigated.Research indicates that surfactant flooding can reduce the injection pressure of lowpermeability cores,improve the two phase flow characteristics,increase the relative permeability of both phases,widen two phase flow region Detection results exhibit that with the increase of the surfactant slug size,the lowering injection pressure effectiveness rises,which decreases with the injection rate.There is a best parameter combination in surfactant flooding. surfactant concentration of NS-1 is 0.5%, the best injection volume is 1PV, the optimal concentration of surfactant SR -J3 is 0.3%, the best injection volume is 1PV.
引文
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[3]李道品.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:154~166.
[4]张星,毕义泉,汪庐山等.低渗透油藏活性水增注技术探讨[J].石油地质与工程,2009,23(5):121-123.
[5]孙春辉.低渗透高温油藏活性水降压增注研究[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士论文,2010.
[6] Uren L C, Fahry E H. Petroleum Division, ALME, 1927:318.
[7]王德民.对大庆油田持续发展有影响的四项工艺技术与方法探讨[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2002,21(1):10-19.
[8]刘方,高正松,缪鑫才.表面活性剂在石油开采中的应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(12):696-699.
[9] Kalogerakis,Nicolas,Jamaluccin.Effect of surfactants on hydrate formation kinetics.SPE,1993,25188.
[10] Maerker J.M,Gale W.W..Surfactant flood process design for Loudon.SPE,1992,27824.
[11]康万利,刘永建.我国复合驱用表面活性剂研究进展[J].日用化学工业,2000,4:30-33.
[12] Rosen M.J.. Surfactants and interfacial phenomena. New York: John Wiley&Sons,Inc,l998:229-235.
[13]吴景春.改善特低渗透油藏注水开发效果技术及机理研究[D].大庆石油学院博士学位论文,2006.
[14]梁亚宁.大庆外围油田表面活性剂降压增注技术研究[D].大庆石油学院硕士学位论文,2006.
[15]付美龙,王何伟等.吴旗油田表面活性剂降压增注物模实验和现场实验[J].油田化学,2008,25(4):332-335.
[16]韩洪宝,程林松,张明禄等.特低渗油藏考虑启动压力梯度的物理模拟及数值模拟方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(6):49-53.
[17]邓英尔,阎庆来,马宝歧.界面分子作用与渗透率的关系及其对渗流的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(2):46-49.
[18]李莉,董平川,张茂林.特低渗透油藏非达西渗流模型及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(11):2272-2279.
[19]刘德新,岳湘安,燕松等.吸附水层对低渗透油藏渗流的影响机理[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,(12)6:40-42.
[20]高辉.特低渗透砂岩储层微观孔隙结构与渗流机理研究[D].西北大学,2009.
[21]袁玉英,王永生,李晓霞等.鄯善油田启动压力梯度的确定及应用[J].吐哈油气,2008,(13)4:375-377.
[22]王道富.鄂尔多斯盆地特低渗透油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2008.
[23]郭沫贞,肖林鹏,张生兵等.低渗透砂岩油层相对渗透率曲线特征、影响因素及其对开发的影响[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):445-450.
[24]崔浩哲,姚光庆,周锋德.低渗透砂砾岩油层相对渗透率曲线的形态及其变化特征[J].地质科技情报,2003,22(1):88-91.
[25]张人雄.新疆宝浪油田相对渗透率曲线研究[J].新疆石油地质,2000,21(2):138-140.
[26]刘爱武,李学文.低渗油藏的两相渗流特征及其影响因素[J].石油天然气学报,2006,28(3):325-327.
[27]王启蒙,汪强,诸葛镇.低渗储层渗流规律及水驱油机理研究[J].小型油气藏,2003,8(1):29-34.
[28]杨正明.低渗透油藏渗流机理及其应用[D].中国科学院,2004.
[29]徐守余,宋洪亮.微观剩余油仿真实验研究[J].中国科技论文在线,2008,3(11):863-866.
[30]胡志明,把智波,熊伟等.低渗透油藏微观孔隙结构分析[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(3):51-53.
[31]王学武,杨正明,刘霞霞等.榆树林油田特低渗透储层微观孔隙结构特征[J].石油天然气学报,2008,30(2):508-510.
[32]彭彩珍,李治平,贾闽惠.低渗透油藏毛管压力曲线特征分析及应用[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,24(2):21-24.
[33]代勇,韩永林,李继红.鄂尔多斯盆地上里塬地区长8特低渗储层孔隙结构特征[J].内蒙古石油化工,2008,5:162-164.
[34]于俊波,郭殿军,王新强.基于恒速压泵技术的低渗透储层物性特征[J].大庆石油学院学报,2006,30(2):22-25.
[35]王东方,葛际江,张贵才等.新型阴离子-非离子表面活性剂界面张力的研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2008,23(6):70-73.
[36]刘卫东.低渗透油田润湿反转降压增注技术及应用[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2009,28:146-149.
[37]崔宝臣,吴景春,贾振歧.非离子表面活性剂/低碳醇体系的界面活性及应用[J].油田化学,2003,20(4):354-356.
[38]曾保全,程林松,李春兰等.特低渗透储层活性水驱实验研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2009,28:25-27.
[39] T.M.Doscheretal.Analysis of Five Field Tests Steam Drive Additives.SPE12057,1983SPE Annual Teehnieal Conference and Exhibition,San Franeiseo,SePt.5-8.
[40] Fernbach,S.Class V computers to challenge mathematicians,1973,SIAM News,6,No.6.
[41] Forester,C.K.Higher order monotonic convective difference schemes, J.Compt.Phys,23,No.1,1987,pp.1-22.
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