四倍体刺槐插条不定根发生的生理生化基础研究
|
摘要
四倍体刺槐是由人工诱导二倍体刺槐(2n)体细胞加倍(4n)而育成的优良品种。引种试验证明:四倍体刺槐在我国东经86。～124。、北纬23。～46。的广大地区、甚至西藏高原都可种植,可作为普通刺槐的替代品种。
生产上四倍体刺槐主要以嫁接繁殖为主,因繁殖速度慢、繁殖系数低、育苗周期长,难于满足需求,致使苗木价格居高不下;利用组织培养繁殖需要一定的物质和技术条件,在基层单位广泛应用存在一定难度;播种繁殖不能很好的保持母本优良性状,林分生产力低。扦插繁殖作为一种典型的、简单的繁殖方法,已经在许多树种中广泛应用。
四倍体刺槐属于扦插难生根树种,国内外虽已有报道解决了扦插成活率低的问题,但由于缺乏对四倍体刺槐插条不定根发生调控机理的研究,其快速育苗技术仍不成熟,成为制约其大范围推广的瓶颈。本研究主要以1 a、3 a和5 a生四倍体刺槐母树上剪取的1 a生硬枝和当年生的半木质化嫩枝为材料,运用阳畦和配有全光照自动间歇喷雾装置的育苗池育苗法,系统开展了四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝扦插繁殖技术研究,通过不定根发生过程中插穗下端形态和解剖学特性变化研究,划分不定根发生的阶段。在此基础上,重点研究了不同扦插技术对插条内生理生化特性的影响,以及不定根不同发育阶段生理生化特性的差异。主要研究结果有:
1.四倍体刺槐嫩枝扦插生根率和不定根发生速度大于硬枝扦插。嫩枝扦插生根率最高为87.26%,不定根生成需30 d～40 d;硬枝扦插生根率最高为73.33%,不定根生成60 d左右。
2.生长调节物质IBA处理硬枝和嫩枝插穗,可显著促进生根效果。硬枝扦插以IBA1000 mg·L-1,浸泡6 h的处理最佳;嫩枝扦插以IBA1400 mg·L-1,浸泡4 h处理最佳。
3.插壤温度对四倍体刺槐硬枝插条不定根发生起着一定的调控作用。不定根发生的最低积温是121.32℃,不定根大量形成的最低积温是276.0℃,当积温提高98.26℃时,生根率可提高13.16%。
4.采穗圃母树年龄对四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝插条的生根能力影响很大。随着母树年龄的增加,四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝扦插生根能力下降。嫩枝扦插随着扦插时间的推迟,生根能力也下降。因此,建议四倍体刺槐扦插采用1～3 a生母树,嫩枝扦插以5月中旬～7月中旬为宜。
5.四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝扦插生根过程可划分为3个主要时期:a愈伤组织诱导期,b不定根形成期(根原基诱导期),c不定根表达与伸长期。四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝扦插前插穗内无潜伏根原基,扦插后在切口愈伤组织中诱导产生根原基,不定根从愈伤组织伸出。
6.扦插过程中,内源IAA是影响四倍体刺槐生根的关键因子,内源IAA含量与生根率呈明显的负相关。硬枝插穗体内IAA含量高于嫩枝插穗,也是硬枝扦插生根率低于嫩枝的主要原因之一。内源ZR可促进插穗生根,其含量与生根率呈正相关。ABA含量的高低不是抑制生根的主要原因,而在生根过程中起协助作用。IAA/ABA比值的高低,可作为衡量其生根的指标之一,比值越低,生根率越高。
7. IAAO、POD和PPO是与四倍体刺槐扦插生根有一定关系的3种酶。扦插前,插穗体内IAAO活性对生根率的影响最大,PPO次之,POD影响最小。根原基诱导期,插穗体内PPO活性对生根率的影响最大,IAAO次之,POD影响最小。因此,生根过程中,插穗体内IAAO活性和PPO活性与生根关系密切,POD活性与生根关系不密切。
8.四倍体刺槐扦插过程中,可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和C/N比与生根率之间呈正相关。淀粉含量与生根率呈负相关。总氮含量对生根率的影响很小。
9.硬枝扦插,基质温度提高后,主要是通过降低插穗体内IAA含量,提高可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量的积累,并促进淀粉水解来影响生根。温度对硬枝插穗体内氧化酶活性的影响较小。
Tetraploid locust is an excellent cultivar of Robinia pseudoacacia acquired by artificially inducing the doubling of the diplod locust genome. The result of introduction field experiments showed that tetraploid locust can plant grow across large areas in China, between 23°～24°N, and 86°～124°E, including part of Tibet. It could potentially replace the ancestral diplod locust.
The tetraploid locust is generally propagated by grafting. The major shortcoming of grafting is its long wait time until maturity. For example, rootstocks need to be prepared 1-2 years before grafting. Then 2～3 more years are needed before the grafted plants can be transplanted. Laboratory-based in vitro propagation is a promising method for producing clonal plants. However, this method is technically demanding and requires good laboratory setup. As a result, it’s difficult to use this method for most plants in most places. Seed propagation is another way to propagate tetraploid locust, but the superior characteristics of the parent plants can’t be guaranteed to pass onto the offspring. As a result, the offspring may not be as productive as the parents. The last method is cutting propagation, a widely used method for clonally reproducing other plants.
Cuttings from tetraploid locust are often difficult to root. In some reports, high rooting rate had gotten with proper treatments. However, the rapid reproduction technique is not reality with the absent of rooting mechanism on tetraploid locust. In this study, annual branch (hardwood and softwood cuttings) in the 1-, 3-, 5-year-old cutting orchard of tetraploid locust were token as materials. The reproduction techniques for rooting hardwood and softwood cuttings were systematically studied and the adventitious roots inducing process of tetraploid locust cuttings were divided, which was depended on the studies of morphologic and anatomical characters. Then, the effect of reproduction techniques on physiological and biochemical characters and the physiological and biochemical differences of adventitious roots on rooting processes were studied. The main results are summarized below.
1. The rooting percentage and propagation speed of softwood cuttings on tetraploid locust are higher than those using hardwood cuttings. The highest rooting percentage is 87.26% and propagation period is 30 to 40 days in softwood cuttings. In contras, the highest rooting percentage of 73.33% and 60 days are required for hardwood cuttings.
2. Hardwood and softwood cuttings pre-treated with the growth regulator IBA showed significant inprovement in rooting performance of tetraploid locust. We found that hardwood cuttings pre-treated with 1000 mg·L-1 IBA solution for 6 h and softwood cuttings pre-treated with 1400 mg·L-1 IBA solution for 4 h produced the best rooting regeneration.
3. The present study showed that increasing ground temperature of significantly improved root generation of hardwood cuttings. The lowest effective accumulated temperature is 121.32℃for root initiation and 276.0℃for large roots formation. Rooting percentage improved by up to 13.16% with increasing effective accumulated temperature 98.26℃.
4. Rooting ability of hardwood and softwood cuttings decreased with the age of the parental plant. Rooting ability of softwood cuttings also decreased with the delay of planting time. Our results showed that 1 to 3 year parent stocks produce the highest rooting survival and the optimum time for planting softwood cuttings was between mid-May and mid-July.
5. The adventitious root formation of the tetraploid locust goes through three distinct phases, i.e. the callus induction phase, the root primordial formation phase, and the initiation and elongation phase of adventitious roots. There is no root primordial on hardwood and softwood cuttings of tetraploid locust before planting. Root primordial was produced from callus after planting which then initiated the adventitious roots formation.
6. During root formation, the high concentration of endogenous IAA is inhibitory. Endogenous IAA concentration is negatively correlated to the rooting percentage. One of the important reasons that the rooting percentage of hardwood cuttings was lower than softwood cuttings is its higher IAA concentration. On the other hand, endogenous ZR can promote rooting of cuttings. ZR concentration is postively correlated to the rooting percentage. Another hormone ABA can assist root formation and is concentration dependent. Overall, the IAA/ABA ratio plays an important role in regulating the rooting of locust cuttings. The higher IAA/ABA ratio, the higher rooting percentage.
7. IAAO, POD and PPO are three important enzymes associated with cutting rooting of tetraploid locust. Before planting, IAAO activity had the greatest influence on rooting percentage, the second was PPO activity and POD activity was the smallest. During root primordial formation, PPO activity had the greatest influence on rooting percentage, the second was IAAO activity, and POD activity was again the smallest. Thus, during the rooting process, IAAO and PPO activities in the cuttings were closely related to the development of adventitious roots. However, POD activity of cuttings had relatively little influence on the development of adventitious roots.
8. During tetraploid locust rooting, the soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, and C/N ratio are all positively correlated to the rooting percentage. The starch content was negatively correlated to the rooting percentage. The total nitrogen content was not correlated to the rooting percentage.
9. The effect of ground substrate temperature on hardwood cutting rooting percentage is mainly trough increasing the content of soluble proteins and soluble sugar, speeding up the degradation of starch. However, ground temperature had little influence on oxidase activity of the cuttings.
生产上四倍体刺槐主要以嫁接繁殖为主,因繁殖速度慢、繁殖系数低、育苗周期长,难于满足需求,致使苗木价格居高不下;利用组织培养繁殖需要一定的物质和技术条件,在基层单位广泛应用存在一定难度;播种繁殖不能很好的保持母本优良性状,林分生产力低。扦插繁殖作为一种典型的、简单的繁殖方法,已经在许多树种中广泛应用。
四倍体刺槐属于扦插难生根树种,国内外虽已有报道解决了扦插成活率低的问题,但由于缺乏对四倍体刺槐插条不定根发生调控机理的研究,其快速育苗技术仍不成熟,成为制约其大范围推广的瓶颈。本研究主要以1 a、3 a和5 a生四倍体刺槐母树上剪取的1 a生硬枝和当年生的半木质化嫩枝为材料,运用阳畦和配有全光照自动间歇喷雾装置的育苗池育苗法,系统开展了四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝扦插繁殖技术研究,通过不定根发生过程中插穗下端形态和解剖学特性变化研究,划分不定根发生的阶段。在此基础上,重点研究了不同扦插技术对插条内生理生化特性的影响,以及不定根不同发育阶段生理生化特性的差异。主要研究结果有:
1.四倍体刺槐嫩枝扦插生根率和不定根发生速度大于硬枝扦插。嫩枝扦插生根率最高为87.26%,不定根生成需30 d～40 d;硬枝扦插生根率最高为73.33%,不定根生成60 d左右。
2.生长调节物质IBA处理硬枝和嫩枝插穗,可显著促进生根效果。硬枝扦插以IBA1000 mg·L-1,浸泡6 h的处理最佳;嫩枝扦插以IBA1400 mg·L-1,浸泡4 h处理最佳。
3.插壤温度对四倍体刺槐硬枝插条不定根发生起着一定的调控作用。不定根发生的最低积温是121.32℃,不定根大量形成的最低积温是276.0℃,当积温提高98.26℃时,生根率可提高13.16%。
4.采穗圃母树年龄对四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝插条的生根能力影响很大。随着母树年龄的增加,四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝扦插生根能力下降。嫩枝扦插随着扦插时间的推迟,生根能力也下降。因此,建议四倍体刺槐扦插采用1～3 a生母树,嫩枝扦插以5月中旬～7月中旬为宜。
5.四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝扦插生根过程可划分为3个主要时期:a愈伤组织诱导期,b不定根形成期(根原基诱导期),c不定根表达与伸长期。四倍体刺槐硬枝和嫩枝扦插前插穗内无潜伏根原基,扦插后在切口愈伤组织中诱导产生根原基,不定根从愈伤组织伸出。
6.扦插过程中,内源IAA是影响四倍体刺槐生根的关键因子,内源IAA含量与生根率呈明显的负相关。硬枝插穗体内IAA含量高于嫩枝插穗,也是硬枝扦插生根率低于嫩枝的主要原因之一。内源ZR可促进插穗生根,其含量与生根率呈正相关。ABA含量的高低不是抑制生根的主要原因,而在生根过程中起协助作用。IAA/ABA比值的高低,可作为衡量其生根的指标之一,比值越低,生根率越高。
7. IAAO、POD和PPO是与四倍体刺槐扦插生根有一定关系的3种酶。扦插前,插穗体内IAAO活性对生根率的影响最大,PPO次之,POD影响最小。根原基诱导期,插穗体内PPO活性对生根率的影响最大,IAAO次之,POD影响最小。因此,生根过程中,插穗体内IAAO活性和PPO活性与生根关系密切,POD活性与生根关系不密切。
8.四倍体刺槐扦插过程中,可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和C/N比与生根率之间呈正相关。淀粉含量与生根率呈负相关。总氮含量对生根率的影响很小。
9.硬枝扦插,基质温度提高后,主要是通过降低插穗体内IAA含量,提高可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖含量的积累,并促进淀粉水解来影响生根。温度对硬枝插穗体内氧化酶活性的影响较小。
Tetraploid locust is an excellent cultivar of Robinia pseudoacacia acquired by artificially inducing the doubling of the diplod locust genome. The result of introduction field experiments showed that tetraploid locust can plant grow across large areas in China, between 23°～24°N, and 86°～124°E, including part of Tibet. It could potentially replace the ancestral diplod locust.
The tetraploid locust is generally propagated by grafting. The major shortcoming of grafting is its long wait time until maturity. For example, rootstocks need to be prepared 1-2 years before grafting. Then 2～3 more years are needed before the grafted plants can be transplanted. Laboratory-based in vitro propagation is a promising method for producing clonal plants. However, this method is technically demanding and requires good laboratory setup. As a result, it’s difficult to use this method for most plants in most places. Seed propagation is another way to propagate tetraploid locust, but the superior characteristics of the parent plants can’t be guaranteed to pass onto the offspring. As a result, the offspring may not be as productive as the parents. The last method is cutting propagation, a widely used method for clonally reproducing other plants.
Cuttings from tetraploid locust are often difficult to root. In some reports, high rooting rate had gotten with proper treatments. However, the rapid reproduction technique is not reality with the absent of rooting mechanism on tetraploid locust. In this study, annual branch (hardwood and softwood cuttings) in the 1-, 3-, 5-year-old cutting orchard of tetraploid locust were token as materials. The reproduction techniques for rooting hardwood and softwood cuttings were systematically studied and the adventitious roots inducing process of tetraploid locust cuttings were divided, which was depended on the studies of morphologic and anatomical characters. Then, the effect of reproduction techniques on physiological and biochemical characters and the physiological and biochemical differences of adventitious roots on rooting processes were studied. The main results are summarized below.
1. The rooting percentage and propagation speed of softwood cuttings on tetraploid locust are higher than those using hardwood cuttings. The highest rooting percentage is 87.26% and propagation period is 30 to 40 days in softwood cuttings. In contras, the highest rooting percentage of 73.33% and 60 days are required for hardwood cuttings.
2. Hardwood and softwood cuttings pre-treated with the growth regulator IBA showed significant inprovement in rooting performance of tetraploid locust. We found that hardwood cuttings pre-treated with 1000 mg·L-1 IBA solution for 6 h and softwood cuttings pre-treated with 1400 mg·L-1 IBA solution for 4 h produced the best rooting regeneration.
3. The present study showed that increasing ground temperature of significantly improved root generation of hardwood cuttings. The lowest effective accumulated temperature is 121.32℃for root initiation and 276.0℃for large roots formation. Rooting percentage improved by up to 13.16% with increasing effective accumulated temperature 98.26℃.
4. Rooting ability of hardwood and softwood cuttings decreased with the age of the parental plant. Rooting ability of softwood cuttings also decreased with the delay of planting time. Our results showed that 1 to 3 year parent stocks produce the highest rooting survival and the optimum time for planting softwood cuttings was between mid-May and mid-July.
5. The adventitious root formation of the tetraploid locust goes through three distinct phases, i.e. the callus induction phase, the root primordial formation phase, and the initiation and elongation phase of adventitious roots. There is no root primordial on hardwood and softwood cuttings of tetraploid locust before planting. Root primordial was produced from callus after planting which then initiated the adventitious roots formation.
6. During root formation, the high concentration of endogenous IAA is inhibitory. Endogenous IAA concentration is negatively correlated to the rooting percentage. One of the important reasons that the rooting percentage of hardwood cuttings was lower than softwood cuttings is its higher IAA concentration. On the other hand, endogenous ZR can promote rooting of cuttings. ZR concentration is postively correlated to the rooting percentage. Another hormone ABA can assist root formation and is concentration dependent. Overall, the IAA/ABA ratio plays an important role in regulating the rooting of locust cuttings. The higher IAA/ABA ratio, the higher rooting percentage.
7. IAAO, POD and PPO are three important enzymes associated with cutting rooting of tetraploid locust. Before planting, IAAO activity had the greatest influence on rooting percentage, the second was PPO activity and POD activity was the smallest. During root primordial formation, PPO activity had the greatest influence on rooting percentage, the second was IAAO activity, and POD activity was again the smallest. Thus, during the rooting process, IAAO and PPO activities in the cuttings were closely related to the development of adventitious roots. However, POD activity of cuttings had relatively little influence on the development of adventitious roots.
8. During tetraploid locust rooting, the soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, and C/N ratio are all positively correlated to the rooting percentage. The starch content was negatively correlated to the rooting percentage. The total nitrogen content was not correlated to the rooting percentage.
9. The effect of ground substrate temperature on hardwood cutting rooting percentage is mainly trough increasing the content of soluble proteins and soluble sugar, speeding up the degradation of starch. However, ground temperature had little influence on oxidase activity of the cuttings.
引文
蔡仁珍,曾青松.2008.激素处理对桂花插条生根及PPO,POD活性的影响.北方园艺, (7):169~171
曹帮华,扈红军,张大鹏,朱晓达.2008.桑树硬枝扦插生根能力及其生根关联酶活性的研究.蚕业科学, 34(1):96~100
曹昌林,董良利,宋旭东,史丽娟.2010.氮磷钾配施对高粱籽粒淀粉含量的影响.山东农业科学,(5):68~70
曹琴,王承禹,王鹏飞,杜俊杰.2009.叶片数量对欧李嫩枝扦插成活与生长的影响.安徽农业科学,37(4):
1526~1257,1626曹玉翠,曹帮华,贾波,秦勇建,刘凤,唐全.2008.木瓜硬枝扦插繁殖技术与生根关联酶活性研究.西南林学院学报,28(6):5~9
曹玉翠,曹帮华,王兵,庞丙亮,洪丕征.2009.不同生长素对蔷薇硬枝扦插生根的影响.江西农业大学学报,31(4):655~658
迟彦,侯义龙,于亚军,于大永,冯宝民,姚子昂,姜国斌.2007.芽变毛白杨及其亲缘种扦插生根过程中内源激素含量的动态变化.安徽农业科学, 35(27):8438~8439,8442
冯玉宝,孙英,高光林.2010.欧洲七叶树扦插繁育技术研究.安徽农业科学,38(26):14364~14365
付喜玲,郭先锋,康晓飞,黄雪,徐云强.2009.IBA对芍药扦插生根的影响及生根过程中氧化酶活性的变化.园艺学报,36(6):849~854
高玉艳.2008.几种生根剂对金银忍冬嫩枝扦插育苗作用的试验初报.中国林副特产,(4):17~19
谷凌云,和亚君,李福秀.2010.川滇桤木扦插生根能力的研究.北方园艺,(22):84~89
辜云杰,江波.2006.IBA和NAA对山杜英组培苗生根过程中内源IAA, ABA含量变化的影响.亚热带植物科学,35(3):25~27
管守忠.2010.丹桂扦插繁殖技术研究.福建林业科技,37(2):107~109
郭世贤,郑起超,褚鹏飞.2008.美国香柏引种栽培技术.中国林副特产,(5):55
郭毅,詹平银,周均,邵开茂,扈双.2010.青川县老鹰茶树人工扦插试验的初步探索.四川林业科技, 31(4):120~121,90
郝爱丽,王超,冯献宾,路丙社,白志英.2009.生长调节剂对青榨槭扦插生根及其氧化酶活性的影响.西北植物学报,29(10):2026~2030
扈红军,曹帮华,尹伟伦,翟明普.2008.榛子嫩枝扦插生根相关氧化酶活性变化及繁殖技术.林业科学, 44(6):60~65
扈红军,曹帮华,尹伟伦,翟明普,唐全,贾波.2007.不同处理对欧榛硬枝扦插生根的影响及生根过程中相关氧化酶活性的变化.林业科学,43(12):70~75
黄立华,朱虹.2009.饲料型四倍体刺槐组培扩繁技术.辽宁林业科技,(2):59~60
吉庆勇,何卫中.2009.长效控释肥对惠明白茶扦插生根的影响.茶叶,35(4):211~214
吉庆勇,柳旭波.2006.叶片自然凋落与插穗营养状况对桃扦插生根的影响.浙江农业科学,(3):272~274
勒栋梁,董凤祥,李宝,王贵禧.2009.杂交榛不同枝段绿枝扦插生根特性及相关氧化酶活性变化.林业科学研究,22(4):526~532
李大威,郭素娟,翟明普.2009.杂交榛和欧洲榛扦插生根关键技术.浙江林学院学,26(1):89~94
李海菊.2007.杜仲扦插育苗技术研究.林业实用技术,(2):5~6
李隆云,张雪,杨宪.2010.灰毡毛忍冬扦插生根的解剖学特征研究.中国中药杂志,35(4):431~434
李文勇,顾宝元,何树松,李红.2010.红瑞木扦插繁殖技术研究.中国林副特产,(6):21~23
黎霞,吴旻,蹇洪英,桂敏,龙江,熊丽.2009.扦插时间和植物生长调节剂对银叶树插条生根的影响.中国农学通报,25(02):143~147
李想,崔文山,皮科,李景海,于景财.2010.不同激素和基质对北美香柏扦插成活率的影响研究.辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),37(1):79~82
李永欣,曾慧杰,王晓明,蔡能.2010.光皮树扦插过程中内源激素变化.中国农学通报,26(15):247~251
李云,姜金仲.2006.我国饲料型四倍体刺槐研究进展.草业科学,23(1):41~46
李仲芳,路承香,高彦明,刘晓捷.2009.峨眉山鹅掌楸组培过程中几种酶活性的变化.经济林研究,27(3): 86~89
梁海荣,温阳,杨立中.2006.四倍体刺槐嫩枝插穗生根的解剖学观察.内蒙古林业科技,32(4):6~7
林海,王正颖,姜金仲.2008.我国四倍体刺槐研究综述.饲草研究,(1):10~13
林秋金,苏金强,谢南松,王美盛.2007.IBA促根剂对胡椒木扦插生根的影响.广西热带农业,(2):43~44
林士杰,姜静,冯昕,李同华,常万霞.2006.黑林1号杨组培叶片不定根的发生与内、外激素关系的研究.林业科技,31(1):8~11
刘丹梅,衣杰,孙书伟.2007.四倍体刺槐组培瓶苗生根培养研究.辽东学院学报(自然科学版),14(2): 70~72
刘就,陈考科,林喜珀,邓石婷.2007.杜鹃红山茶的栽培技术.中国热带农业,(1):61~62
刘涛,张华新,庞晓慧.2009.翅果油树年龄与内源激素含量及嫩枝扦插生根率的关系.经济林研究, 27(4):26~30
刘玉民,刘亚敏,马明,何丙辉,李昌晓.2010.马尾松扦插生根过程相关生理生化分析.林业科学,46(9): 28~33
刘珠琴,黄宗兴,舒巧云.2010.木瓜海棠长寿冠扦插技术研究.福建林业科技,37(4):105~107
陆璃,叶振华,贺漫媚,夏智.2010.吲哚丁酸对红粉撲花枝条扦插生根效应的影响.Landscape Technology,32(5):73~76
卢绪娟,丰震,赵兰勇,冯立国,于守超.2007.平阴玫瑰组培苗多酚含量及多酚氧化酶活性与其生根的关系.园艺学报,34(3):695~698
吕梅,方炎明,贾恒,王爱霞.2009.红桤木扦插生根过程中内源激素的变化.林业科技开发,23(2):16~19
吕梅,方炎明,尹增芳.2007.桤木插穗不定根发生与发育的解剖学观察.西北植物学报,27(5): 859~863
孟丙南,彭祚登,张中林,徐慧敏,李云.2010.四倍体刺槐硬枝沙藏结合生长调节物质处理扦插研究.黑龙江农业科学,(8):85~88
孟丙南,张江涛,丁向阳,李云,徐慧敏.2010.四倍体刺槐K2无性系嫩枝扦插技术研.林业科技,35(4):1~4
孟凡娟,黄凤兰.2010.饲料型四倍体刺槐的组培快繁技术.经济林研究,28(4):45~49
孟鹏,李玉灵,宋晓东,尤国春.2007.北美兰云杉全光喷雾下扦插影响因子研.河北林果研究,22(3): 237~241
潘健.2007.三种柃木属植物扦插生根机理研究[博士学位论文].南京:南京林业大学
齐永顺,张志华,王同坤,杜国强,张京政.2009.同源四倍体玫瑰香葡萄嫩枝扦插不定根发生过程中内源激素的变化.园艺学报,36(4):565~570
秦永建,曹帮华,魏蕾,张玲,唐全,贾波.2009.刺槐无性系硬枝扦插生根过程中生根关联酶活性变化.西北林学院学报,24(2):46~49
师晨娟,刘勇,王春城,司瑞新,张林玉.2006.青海云杉扦插的年龄效应及其生根机理研究.西北农林科技大大学学报(自然科学版),34(12):101~104
史俊燕,樊金栓,武建林.2007.枣嫩枝扦插及生理分析.山西果树,(2):6~8
宋柏权,刘丽君,董守坤,孙聪姝.2009.大豆不同碳代谢产物含量变化研究.大豆科学,28(4): 654~657
孙晓梅,韩华,王笑山.2009.不同株龄日本落叶松插穗的内源激素含量与生根的关系.植物生理学通讯, 45(3):217~222
孙晓梅,赵海洋,宁延龙,王军辉,王笑山,王玉芝.2009.不同生长素处理条件下杂种落叶松生根力的差异.林业科学,45(9):142~146
孙雪忠,金国庆,叶文国,余家中,宋卫青,叶洪.2008.三尖杉扦插育苗技术研究.浙江林业科技,28(3): 17~22
唐全,曹帮华,刘凤,贾波,曹玉翠.2009.悬铃木硬枝扦插年龄效应及对a-NAA处理的影响.西南大学学报(自然科学版),31(3):94~99
田如英,丁贵杰.2008.含笑扦插生根过程中生理生化物质变化初探.湖北农业科学,47(10):1186~1188
屠焰,刁其玉,张乃锋.2008.四倍体刺槐的饲用营养价值分析.饲料与畜牧,(10):8~9
王春荣,刘中柱,毕君,张岩.2009.银杏嫩枝扦插繁殖试验研究.河北林业科技,(3):4~5
汪芳.2010.四倍体刺槐在黄土高原地区的应用前景分析.南方农业,(11):77~78
王戈戎,袁晓颖.2007.喜树茎解剖构造及插条不定根的形成.东北林业大学学报,35(3):88~89
王济红,祁翔,姚松林,刘燕.2008.低浓度外源激素对兔眼蓝莓扦插繁殖的影响.西南农业学报,21(3): 741~44
王建华,孙晓梅,王笑山,徐成立,丁彪,王效东.2006.母株年龄、激素种类和浓度对落叶松扦插生根的影响.林业科学研究,19(1):102~108
王军辉,张建国,张守攻,许洋,杨红旗,张金学,孙国平.2006.青海云杉硬枝扦插的激素、年龄和位置效应研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),34(7):65~71
王玲,刘明国,董胜君.2010.北美香柏硬枝扦插繁殖技术研究.北方园艺,(24):100~102
王玲,董胜君,刘明国,王威,梁明哲.2010.北美香柏全光喷雾扦插繁殖技术研究.北方园艺,(11): 112~115
王清民,彭伟秀,吕保聚,裴东.2006.核桃试管不定根的组织学研究.西北植物学报,26(4):719~724
王文凤,李保会,张芹,刘云强,杜绍华,李建军.2007.IBA处理对蒙椴嫩枝扦插的影响.河北农业大学学报,30(5):48~50
汪玉林,庞惠仙,杨红明,马骏,马林.2010.四倍体刺槐在昆明地区引种栽培试验初报.林业调查规划, 35(1):130~134
韦记青,蒋运生,唐辉,韦霄,柴胜丰,陈宗游.2010.珍稀濒危植物金花茶扦插繁殖技术研究.广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),28(3):70~74
魏文军.2006.ABT生根粉在银杏嫩枝扦插育苗中的应用试验.落叶果树,(3):8~9
文颖强,冯嘉玥,万春雁.2007.ABT和CaCN2对葡萄插条萌芽生根及一些生理生化指标的影响.园艺园林科学,23(12):270~273
吴鹏飞,马祥庆,黄木生,吴镜辉,陈建波.2007.提高杉木优良无性系插穗生根能力.福建林学院学报, 27(4):337~342
吴延军,谢鸣,宋根华,隆前进.2010.毛花猕猴桃华特硬枝扦插技术.浙江农业科学,(6): 1221~1223
肖乾坤,张川红,郑勇奇.2010.影响花楸树嫩枝扦插成活率关键因素分析.河北农业大学学报,33(3): 67~71
谢寅峰,王莹,张志敏,方升,佐王纪.2009.青钱柳子叶不定根的发生机制.林业科学,45(12):72~76
徐丽萍,上官新晨,喻方圆.2009.秤锤树嫩枝扦插过程中几种酶活性变化研究.江西农业大学学报,31(2): 274~277
许晓岗,丁俊刚,童丽丽.2009.激素对楸子插穗内源激素含量和可溶性蛋白组成的影响.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),33(2):60~64
薛克娜,殷爱华,张学平,柯欢.2011.生长激素对杜鹃红山茶扦插效果的影响.林业科技开发,25(1): 109~111
杨青珍,王锋,李娟,季兰.2006.榛子绿枝插条生根的解剖学观察.中国农学通报,22(7):154~156
杨兴芳,曹帮华,李寿冰,任有华.2007.四倍体刺槐硬枝扦插技术研究.山东林业科技,(2):50~51
杨雪萌,房伟民,陈发棣,陈素梅.2010.两个菊花品种扦插生根过程及其插穗碳氮营养和内源激素的变化.南京农业大学学报,33(4):19~24
姚国明,何威,周为伟.2009.豫楸1号扦插生根过程中营养物质含量的变化.河南林业科学,29(3):1~3
姚瑞玲,项东云,陈建波,梁小春.2010.2种桉树插穗内酚酸类物及相关酶活性比较.桉树科技,27(2): 29~34
姚永宏,吴全,李忠林,邓祖玲,侯渝嘉,张玲,徐泽,蒋明才.2006.茶树插穗生根过程中可溶性糖等生化成分的动态变化.西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),28(3):510~512
姚占春,朴明花,马继峰.2007.饲料型四倍体刺槐嫩枝扦插试验初报.吉林林业科技,36(6):5~6,21
易敏,黄烈健,陈祖旭.2010.马占相思扦插繁殖技术研究.林业科学研究,23(6):910~913
于雪飞,白卉,王洪星.2009.4种内源激素在中美山杨组培生根过程中的变化.林业科技,34(2):5~7
张春梅,敖曼,孙万吉,迟彦.2007.紫杉扦插插穗生根机理的研究.辽宁林业科技,(2):33~34
张红梅,孙毅,杜建中,王亦学.2010.超声波、生长素和浸泡时长对毛白杨插穗生根率的影响.山西农业科学,38(3):37~38
张芹,李保会,朵建国,王文凤,刘云强,梁海永,杨建民.2007.IBA和发根农杆菌对糠椴嫩枝扦插的影响. 园艺学报,34(1):201~204
张义,韩诗曼.2009.李树嫩枝扦插生根过程的生理变化.安徽农学通报,15(21):136~137
张玉臣,周再知,梁坤南,马华明,黄桂华,林明平.2010.不同植物生长调节剂对白木香扦插生根的影响. 林业科学研究,23(2):278~282
张忠微,石素霞,张彦广,张忠朝,王志刚,刘行.2008.金露梅嫩枝插穗生根过程中营养物质含量变化研究.河北农业大学学报,31(4):56~59
赵敏冲,李莲芳,李根前,刘代亿,张跃敏.2008.IAA和IBA对云南松插穗扦插生根的影响.西部林业科学, 37(3):13~17
赵晓敏,霍常富,沈海龙.2007.影响林木插条生根的内部及环境因子研究综述.世界林业研究,20(5): 12~16
郑科,郎南军,曹福亮,向振勇,袁瑞玲.2010.麻风树枝条扦插生长中多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性变化. 贵州农业科学,38(4):177~180
郑健,郑勇奇,吴超.2009.花楸树嫩枝扦插繁殖技术研究.林业科学研究,22(1):91~97
周红敏,瞿红,叶晓霞.2010.萘乙酸对金银花扦插成活的影响.浙江林业科技,30(5):56~59
周修任,刘荷芬,刘桂安,洪小江.2010.ABT处理和插穗长度对栝楼扦插苗质量的影响.中国农学通报, 26(10):160~163
周志刚,刘果厚,杨利祥,史学刚,罗芳.2009.四合木硬枝扦插生根特性的研究.中国沙漠,29(3):519~523
朱林海,何丙辉.2010.重庆地区马尾松嫩枝扦插技术研究.西南大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):33~37
Ahmed Q, Amssa M. 2003. Endogenous phenolic contents, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) offshoots related to rooting ability. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 25(4): 417~421
Araya H T, Soundy P, Toit E S, Mudau F N. 2007. Influence of cutting position, medium, hormone and season on rooting of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides D C.) stem cuttings. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1: 243~252
Atangana A R, Tchoundjeu Z, Asaah E K, Atangana A R, Tchoundjeu Z, Asaah E K, Simons A J, Khasa D P. 2006. Domestication of Allanblackia floribunda: Amenability to vegetative propagation. Forest Ecology and Management, 27(2): 73~77
Celik H. 2005. Bluberry (Likapa) Growing Guide. In: Turkish. HASAD Publ: 128 Celik H. 2006a. Effect of bottom heating on rooting of northern blueberry softwood cuttings. Second national small fruits congress, 129~135
Celik H. 2006b. Blueberry, the newest berry fruit for Black Sea Region. In: Turkey. Second national small fruits congress, 124~128
Celik H, Odabas M S. 2009. Mathematical modeling of the indole-3-butyric acid applications on rooting of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) softwood-cuttings. Acta Physiol Plant, 31: 295~299
Coban H. 2007. Determination of polyphenol oxidase activity during rooting in cuttings of some grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.). Asian J Chem, 19: 4020~4024
Daizy R B, Harminder P S, Mansimran K, Ravinder K K, Surender S Y. 2008. Caffeine affects adventitious rooting and causes biochemical changes in the hypocotyl cutting of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.). Acta Physiol Plant, 30: 401~405
Debnath S C. 2007. Influence of Indole-3-butyric acid and propagation method on growth and development of in vitro-and ex vitroderived lowbush blueberry plants. Plant Growth Regul, 51: 245~253
Dhillon R S, Pundeer M S, Ahlawat K S, Kumari S. 2009. Development of efficient techniques for clonal multiplication of Jatropha curcas L., a potential biodiesel plant. Research communications, 96(6): 823~827
Druege U, Zerche S, Kadner R. 2004. Nitrogen and storage-affected carbohydrate partitioning in high-light-adapted Pelargonium cuttings in relation to survival and adventitious root formation under low light. Ann Bot, 94: 831~842
Fernandes S J M, Serrano M C, Amaral E. 2002. Effect of different hormone treatments on rooting of Olea europaea cv. Galega vulgar cuttings. Acta Horticulturae, 586: 875~877
Fishel D W, Zaezek J J, Preece J E. 2003. Positional influence on rooting of shoots forced from the main bole of swamp white oak and northern red oak. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33(4): 705~711
Gyana R R. 2006. Effects of auxins on adventitious root development from single node cuttings of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and associated biochemical changes. Plant Growth Regul, 48: 111~117
Hartmann H T, Kester D E, Davies F T, Geneve R L. 2002. Plant Propagation, Principles and Practices. 7 the Ed, Prentice Hall, New Jersey: 880
Hatzilazarou S P, Syros T D, Yupsanis T A, Bosabalidis A M, Economou A S. 2006. Peroxidases, lignin and anatomy during in vitro and ex vitro rooting of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) microshoots. J Plant Physiol, 163: 827~836
Kasim N E, Abou R M S, Shaheen M A, Yehia T A, Ali E L. 2009. Effect of different collection times and some treatments on rooting and chemical internal constituents of Bitter Almond hardwood cuttings. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(2): 116~122
Kim J Y, Seo S Y, Kim S K, Sung S K, Song K J, Gynheung A, Kim W T. 2001. Two polyphenol oxidases are differentially expressed during vegetative and reproductive development and in response to wounding of Fuji apple. Plant Sci, 161: 1145~1152
Kotis M, Yupsanis T A, Syros T D, Economou A S. 2009. Peroxidase, acid phosphatase, Rnase and Dnase activity and isoform patterns during in vitro rooting of Petunia×hybrida microshoots. Biologia Plantarum, 53(3): 530~538
Krisantini S, Johnston M, Williams R R, Beveridge C. 2006. Adventitious root formation in Grevillea (Proteaceae), an Australian native species. Scientia Horticulturae, 107(2): 171~175
LAI Rui yun , ZHONG Zan hua, ZHANG Xue qin, LIN Li xian, SU Ming hua, XIE Zhi nan. 2010. Effects of Remain ing Leaf Com bining w ith IBA on Rooting,Physiological and Biochem ical Indicators of Leaves from Bougainvillea spectabilis Cuttings. Agricultural Science & Technology, 11(7): 120~123
Leakey R R B. 2004. Physiology of vegetative reproduction, In: Burley J, Evans E, Younqist JA (eds) Encyclopaedia of Forest Sciences. Academic Press. London: 1655~1668
Metaxas D J, Syros T D, Yupsanis T, Economou A S. 2004. Peroxidases during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Arbutus unedo and Taxus baccata as affected by plant genotype and growth regulator treatment. Plant Growth Regul, 44: 257~266
Molassiotis A, Sotiropoulos T, Tanou G, Diamantidis G, Therios L. 2006a. Boron-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant and nucleolytic responses in shoot tips culture of the apple rootstock EM 9 (Malus domestica Borkh). Environ Exp Bot, 56: 54~62
Molassiotis A N, Sotiropoulos T, Tanou G, Kofidis G, Diamantidis G, Therios E. 2006b. Antioxidant and anatomical responces in shoot culture of the apple rootstock MM 106 treated with NaCl, KCl, mannitol or sorbitol. Biol Plant, 50: 61~68
Muratisfendiyaroglu, Elmasozeker. 2008. Rooting of OLEA Europaea“DOMAT”cuttings by auxin and salicylic acid treatments. Pak J Bot, 40(3): 1135~1141
Ngo Mpeck M L, Atangana A R, Omgba A M. 2009. Temporal variation in rooting of Annickia chlorantha leafy stem cuttings. New Forests, 38: 273~283
Niknam V, Razavi N, Ebrahimzadeh H, Sharifizadeh H. 2006. Effect of NaCl on biomass, protein and proline contents, and antioxidant enzymes in seedlings and calli of two Trigonella species. Biol Plant, 50: 591~596 Ozyigit I I, Kahramanz M B, Ecranz O. 2007. Relationship between explant age, total phenols and regeneration response in tissue cultured cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Afr J Biotech, 6: 3~8 Pan R C, Wang J X, Tian X S. 2002. Influence of ethylene on adventitious root formation in mung bean hypocotyls cuttings. Plant Growth Regul, 36: 135~139
Puffy S, Kwena W, Mpati. 2008. Influence of cutting position, medium, hormone and season on rooting of Fever Tea (Lippia javanica L.) stem cuttings. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, Global Science Books: 114~116
Rapaka V K, Bessler B, Schreiner M, Druege U. 2005. Interplay between initial carbohydrate availability, current photosynthesis, and adventitious root formation in Pelargonium cuttings. Plant Sci, 168: 1547~1560
Rosier C L, Frampton J, Goldfarb B. 2004. Growth stage, auxin type, and concentration influence rooting of stem cuttings of Fraser fir. HortScience, 39: 1392~1396
Saranga J, Cameron R. 2007. Adventitious root formation in Anacardium occidentale L. in response to phytohormones and rem oval of roots. Scientia Horticulturae, 111: 164~172
Satisha J, Ramteke S D, Karibasappa G S. 2007. Physiological and biochemical characterization of grape rootstocks. S Afr J Enol Vitic, 28: 163~168
Satisha J, Raveendran P, Rokade N D. 2008. Changes in polyphenol oxidase activity during rooting of hardwood cuttings in three Grape rootstocks under Indian conditions. S Afr J Enol Vitic, 29(2): 94~97
Schreckenberg K, Degrande A,Mbosso C. 2002. The social and economic importance of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H J Lam in southern Cameroon. For Trees Livelihoods, 12: 15~40
Sebastiani L, Rognetti T. 2004. Growing season and hydrogen peroxide effects on root induction and development in Olea europaea L. (cvs‘Frantoio’and‘Gentile di Larino’)cuttings. Scientia Horticulturae, 100: 75~82
Singh S, Kumar P, Ansari S A. 2004. A simple method for large-scale propagation of Dendrocalamus asper. Sci Hortic, 100: 251~255
Sunita K, Kochhar V K, Singh S P, Katiyar R S, Pushpangadan P. 2005. Differential rooting and sprouting behaviour of two Jatropha species and associated physiological and biochemical changes. Current Science, 89(6): 936~939
Syros T, Yupsanis T,Zafiriadis H, Economou A. 2004. Activity and isoforms of peroxidases, lignin and anatomy, during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Ebenus cretica L. J Plant Physio, 161: 69~77
Tang W, Newton R J. 2004. Increase of polyphenol oxidase and decrease of polyamines correlate with tissur browning in Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill). Plant Sci, 167: 621~628
Tarrago′P, Sansberro R, Filip P, Lo′pez A, Gonza′lez C, Luna L. 2005. Mroginskia Effect of leaf retention and flavonoids on rooting of Ilex paraguariensis cuttings. Scientia Horticulturae, 103(4): 479~488
Tohit G. 2000. Peroxidase and IAAO-xidase activities during rooting in cuttings of three poplar specie. Turk J Bot, 24: 97~101
Tsipouridis C, Thomidis T, Bladenopoulou S. 2006. Rhizogenesis of GF677, Early Crest May Crest and Arm King stem cuttings during the year in relation to carbohydrate and natural hormone content. Sci Hortic, 108: 200~204
Wilkerson E G, Gates R S, Zolnier S, Kester S T, Geneve R L. 2005. Transpiration capacity in poinsett ia cu ttings at different root ing stages and the development of a cutting coefficient for scheduling mist. JAm Soc Hort Sci, 130: 295~301.
Xian Feng Guo, XiLing Fu, DeKui Zang, Yan Ma. 2009. Effect of auxin treatments, cuttings’collection date and initial characteristics on Paeonia‘Yang Fei Chu Yu’cutting propagation. Scientia Horticulturae, 119: 177~181
X M Li, X Y He, L H Zhang, W Chen, Q Chen. 2009. Influence of elevated CO2 and O3 on IAA, IAA oxidase and peroxidase in the leaves of ginkgo trees. Biologia Plantarum, 53(2): 339~342
Yilmaz H, Taskin T, Otludil B. 2003. Polyphenol oxidase activity during rooting in cuttings of grapes (Vitis vinifera L) varieties. Turkish J Bot, 27: 495~498
曹帮华,扈红军,张大鹏,朱晓达.2008.桑树硬枝扦插生根能力及其生根关联酶活性的研究.蚕业科学, 34(1):96~100
曹昌林,董良利,宋旭东,史丽娟.2010.氮磷钾配施对高粱籽粒淀粉含量的影响.山东农业科学,(5):68~70
曹琴,王承禹,王鹏飞,杜俊杰.2009.叶片数量对欧李嫩枝扦插成活与生长的影响.安徽农业科学,37(4):
1526~1257,1626曹玉翠,曹帮华,贾波,秦勇建,刘凤,唐全.2008.木瓜硬枝扦插繁殖技术与生根关联酶活性研究.西南林学院学报,28(6):5~9
曹玉翠,曹帮华,王兵,庞丙亮,洪丕征.2009.不同生长素对蔷薇硬枝扦插生根的影响.江西农业大学学报,31(4):655~658
迟彦,侯义龙,于亚军,于大永,冯宝民,姚子昂,姜国斌.2007.芽变毛白杨及其亲缘种扦插生根过程中内源激素含量的动态变化.安徽农业科学, 35(27):8438~8439,8442
冯玉宝,孙英,高光林.2010.欧洲七叶树扦插繁育技术研究.安徽农业科学,38(26):14364~14365
付喜玲,郭先锋,康晓飞,黄雪,徐云强.2009.IBA对芍药扦插生根的影响及生根过程中氧化酶活性的变化.园艺学报,36(6):849~854
高玉艳.2008.几种生根剂对金银忍冬嫩枝扦插育苗作用的试验初报.中国林副特产,(4):17~19
谷凌云,和亚君,李福秀.2010.川滇桤木扦插生根能力的研究.北方园艺,(22):84~89
辜云杰,江波.2006.IBA和NAA对山杜英组培苗生根过程中内源IAA, ABA含量变化的影响.亚热带植物科学,35(3):25~27
管守忠.2010.丹桂扦插繁殖技术研究.福建林业科技,37(2):107~109
郭世贤,郑起超,褚鹏飞.2008.美国香柏引种栽培技术.中国林副特产,(5):55
郭毅,詹平银,周均,邵开茂,扈双.2010.青川县老鹰茶树人工扦插试验的初步探索.四川林业科技, 31(4):120~121,90
郝爱丽,王超,冯献宾,路丙社,白志英.2009.生长调节剂对青榨槭扦插生根及其氧化酶活性的影响.西北植物学报,29(10):2026~2030
扈红军,曹帮华,尹伟伦,翟明普.2008.榛子嫩枝扦插生根相关氧化酶活性变化及繁殖技术.林业科学, 44(6):60~65
扈红军,曹帮华,尹伟伦,翟明普,唐全,贾波.2007.不同处理对欧榛硬枝扦插生根的影响及生根过程中相关氧化酶活性的变化.林业科学,43(12):70~75
黄立华,朱虹.2009.饲料型四倍体刺槐组培扩繁技术.辽宁林业科技,(2):59~60
吉庆勇,何卫中.2009.长效控释肥对惠明白茶扦插生根的影响.茶叶,35(4):211~214
吉庆勇,柳旭波.2006.叶片自然凋落与插穗营养状况对桃扦插生根的影响.浙江农业科学,(3):272~274
勒栋梁,董凤祥,李宝,王贵禧.2009.杂交榛不同枝段绿枝扦插生根特性及相关氧化酶活性变化.林业科学研究,22(4):526~532
李大威,郭素娟,翟明普.2009.杂交榛和欧洲榛扦插生根关键技术.浙江林学院学,26(1):89~94
李海菊.2007.杜仲扦插育苗技术研究.林业实用技术,(2):5~6
李隆云,张雪,杨宪.2010.灰毡毛忍冬扦插生根的解剖学特征研究.中国中药杂志,35(4):431~434
李文勇,顾宝元,何树松,李红.2010.红瑞木扦插繁殖技术研究.中国林副特产,(6):21~23
黎霞,吴旻,蹇洪英,桂敏,龙江,熊丽.2009.扦插时间和植物生长调节剂对银叶树插条生根的影响.中国农学通报,25(02):143~147
李想,崔文山,皮科,李景海,于景财.2010.不同激素和基质对北美香柏扦插成活率的影响研究.辽宁大学学报(自然科学版),37(1):79~82
李永欣,曾慧杰,王晓明,蔡能.2010.光皮树扦插过程中内源激素变化.中国农学通报,26(15):247~251
李云,姜金仲.2006.我国饲料型四倍体刺槐研究进展.草业科学,23(1):41~46
李仲芳,路承香,高彦明,刘晓捷.2009.峨眉山鹅掌楸组培过程中几种酶活性的变化.经济林研究,27(3): 86~89
梁海荣,温阳,杨立中.2006.四倍体刺槐嫩枝插穗生根的解剖学观察.内蒙古林业科技,32(4):6~7
林海,王正颖,姜金仲.2008.我国四倍体刺槐研究综述.饲草研究,(1):10~13
林秋金,苏金强,谢南松,王美盛.2007.IBA促根剂对胡椒木扦插生根的影响.广西热带农业,(2):43~44
林士杰,姜静,冯昕,李同华,常万霞.2006.黑林1号杨组培叶片不定根的发生与内、外激素关系的研究.林业科技,31(1):8~11
刘丹梅,衣杰,孙书伟.2007.四倍体刺槐组培瓶苗生根培养研究.辽东学院学报(自然科学版),14(2): 70~72
刘就,陈考科,林喜珀,邓石婷.2007.杜鹃红山茶的栽培技术.中国热带农业,(1):61~62
刘涛,张华新,庞晓慧.2009.翅果油树年龄与内源激素含量及嫩枝扦插生根率的关系.经济林研究, 27(4):26~30
刘玉民,刘亚敏,马明,何丙辉,李昌晓.2010.马尾松扦插生根过程相关生理生化分析.林业科学,46(9): 28~33
刘珠琴,黄宗兴,舒巧云.2010.木瓜海棠长寿冠扦插技术研究.福建林业科技,37(4):105~107
陆璃,叶振华,贺漫媚,夏智.2010.吲哚丁酸对红粉撲花枝条扦插生根效应的影响.Landscape Technology,32(5):73~76
卢绪娟,丰震,赵兰勇,冯立国,于守超.2007.平阴玫瑰组培苗多酚含量及多酚氧化酶活性与其生根的关系.园艺学报,34(3):695~698
吕梅,方炎明,贾恒,王爱霞.2009.红桤木扦插生根过程中内源激素的变化.林业科技开发,23(2):16~19
吕梅,方炎明,尹增芳.2007.桤木插穗不定根发生与发育的解剖学观察.西北植物学报,27(5): 859~863
孟丙南,彭祚登,张中林,徐慧敏,李云.2010.四倍体刺槐硬枝沙藏结合生长调节物质处理扦插研究.黑龙江农业科学,(8):85~88
孟丙南,张江涛,丁向阳,李云,徐慧敏.2010.四倍体刺槐K2无性系嫩枝扦插技术研.林业科技,35(4):1~4
孟凡娟,黄凤兰.2010.饲料型四倍体刺槐的组培快繁技术.经济林研究,28(4):45~49
孟鹏,李玉灵,宋晓东,尤国春.2007.北美兰云杉全光喷雾下扦插影响因子研.河北林果研究,22(3): 237~241
潘健.2007.三种柃木属植物扦插生根机理研究[博士学位论文].南京:南京林业大学
齐永顺,张志华,王同坤,杜国强,张京政.2009.同源四倍体玫瑰香葡萄嫩枝扦插不定根发生过程中内源激素的变化.园艺学报,36(4):565~570
秦永建,曹帮华,魏蕾,张玲,唐全,贾波.2009.刺槐无性系硬枝扦插生根过程中生根关联酶活性变化.西北林学院学报,24(2):46~49
师晨娟,刘勇,王春城,司瑞新,张林玉.2006.青海云杉扦插的年龄效应及其生根机理研究.西北农林科技大大学学报(自然科学版),34(12):101~104
史俊燕,樊金栓,武建林.2007.枣嫩枝扦插及生理分析.山西果树,(2):6~8
宋柏权,刘丽君,董守坤,孙聪姝.2009.大豆不同碳代谢产物含量变化研究.大豆科学,28(4): 654~657
孙晓梅,韩华,王笑山.2009.不同株龄日本落叶松插穗的内源激素含量与生根的关系.植物生理学通讯, 45(3):217~222
孙晓梅,赵海洋,宁延龙,王军辉,王笑山,王玉芝.2009.不同生长素处理条件下杂种落叶松生根力的差异.林业科学,45(9):142~146
孙雪忠,金国庆,叶文国,余家中,宋卫青,叶洪.2008.三尖杉扦插育苗技术研究.浙江林业科技,28(3): 17~22
唐全,曹帮华,刘凤,贾波,曹玉翠.2009.悬铃木硬枝扦插年龄效应及对a-NAA处理的影响.西南大学学报(自然科学版),31(3):94~99
田如英,丁贵杰.2008.含笑扦插生根过程中生理生化物质变化初探.湖北农业科学,47(10):1186~1188
屠焰,刁其玉,张乃锋.2008.四倍体刺槐的饲用营养价值分析.饲料与畜牧,(10):8~9
王春荣,刘中柱,毕君,张岩.2009.银杏嫩枝扦插繁殖试验研究.河北林业科技,(3):4~5
汪芳.2010.四倍体刺槐在黄土高原地区的应用前景分析.南方农业,(11):77~78
王戈戎,袁晓颖.2007.喜树茎解剖构造及插条不定根的形成.东北林业大学学报,35(3):88~89
王济红,祁翔,姚松林,刘燕.2008.低浓度外源激素对兔眼蓝莓扦插繁殖的影响.西南农业学报,21(3): 741~44
王建华,孙晓梅,王笑山,徐成立,丁彪,王效东.2006.母株年龄、激素种类和浓度对落叶松扦插生根的影响.林业科学研究,19(1):102~108
王军辉,张建国,张守攻,许洋,杨红旗,张金学,孙国平.2006.青海云杉硬枝扦插的激素、年龄和位置效应研究.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),34(7):65~71
王玲,刘明国,董胜君.2010.北美香柏硬枝扦插繁殖技术研究.北方园艺,(24):100~102
王玲,董胜君,刘明国,王威,梁明哲.2010.北美香柏全光喷雾扦插繁殖技术研究.北方园艺,(11): 112~115
王清民,彭伟秀,吕保聚,裴东.2006.核桃试管不定根的组织学研究.西北植物学报,26(4):719~724
王文凤,李保会,张芹,刘云强,杜绍华,李建军.2007.IBA处理对蒙椴嫩枝扦插的影响.河北农业大学学报,30(5):48~50
汪玉林,庞惠仙,杨红明,马骏,马林.2010.四倍体刺槐在昆明地区引种栽培试验初报.林业调查规划, 35(1):130~134
韦记青,蒋运生,唐辉,韦霄,柴胜丰,陈宗游.2010.珍稀濒危植物金花茶扦插繁殖技术研究.广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),28(3):70~74
魏文军.2006.ABT生根粉在银杏嫩枝扦插育苗中的应用试验.落叶果树,(3):8~9
文颖强,冯嘉玥,万春雁.2007.ABT和CaCN2对葡萄插条萌芽生根及一些生理生化指标的影响.园艺园林科学,23(12):270~273
吴鹏飞,马祥庆,黄木生,吴镜辉,陈建波.2007.提高杉木优良无性系插穗生根能力.福建林学院学报, 27(4):337~342
吴延军,谢鸣,宋根华,隆前进.2010.毛花猕猴桃华特硬枝扦插技术.浙江农业科学,(6): 1221~1223
肖乾坤,张川红,郑勇奇.2010.影响花楸树嫩枝扦插成活率关键因素分析.河北农业大学学报,33(3): 67~71
谢寅峰,王莹,张志敏,方升,佐王纪.2009.青钱柳子叶不定根的发生机制.林业科学,45(12):72~76
徐丽萍,上官新晨,喻方圆.2009.秤锤树嫩枝扦插过程中几种酶活性变化研究.江西农业大学学报,31(2): 274~277
许晓岗,丁俊刚,童丽丽.2009.激素对楸子插穗内源激素含量和可溶性蛋白组成的影响.南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),33(2):60~64
薛克娜,殷爱华,张学平,柯欢.2011.生长激素对杜鹃红山茶扦插效果的影响.林业科技开发,25(1): 109~111
杨青珍,王锋,李娟,季兰.2006.榛子绿枝插条生根的解剖学观察.中国农学通报,22(7):154~156
杨兴芳,曹帮华,李寿冰,任有华.2007.四倍体刺槐硬枝扦插技术研究.山东林业科技,(2):50~51
杨雪萌,房伟民,陈发棣,陈素梅.2010.两个菊花品种扦插生根过程及其插穗碳氮营养和内源激素的变化.南京农业大学学报,33(4):19~24
姚国明,何威,周为伟.2009.豫楸1号扦插生根过程中营养物质含量的变化.河南林业科学,29(3):1~3
姚瑞玲,项东云,陈建波,梁小春.2010.2种桉树插穗内酚酸类物及相关酶活性比较.桉树科技,27(2): 29~34
姚永宏,吴全,李忠林,邓祖玲,侯渝嘉,张玲,徐泽,蒋明才.2006.茶树插穗生根过程中可溶性糖等生化成分的动态变化.西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),28(3):510~512
姚占春,朴明花,马继峰.2007.饲料型四倍体刺槐嫩枝扦插试验初报.吉林林业科技,36(6):5~6,21
易敏,黄烈健,陈祖旭.2010.马占相思扦插繁殖技术研究.林业科学研究,23(6):910~913
于雪飞,白卉,王洪星.2009.4种内源激素在中美山杨组培生根过程中的变化.林业科技,34(2):5~7
张春梅,敖曼,孙万吉,迟彦.2007.紫杉扦插插穗生根机理的研究.辽宁林业科技,(2):33~34
张红梅,孙毅,杜建中,王亦学.2010.超声波、生长素和浸泡时长对毛白杨插穗生根率的影响.山西农业科学,38(3):37~38
张芹,李保会,朵建国,王文凤,刘云强,梁海永,杨建民.2007.IBA和发根农杆菌对糠椴嫩枝扦插的影响. 园艺学报,34(1):201~204
张义,韩诗曼.2009.李树嫩枝扦插生根过程的生理变化.安徽农学通报,15(21):136~137
张玉臣,周再知,梁坤南,马华明,黄桂华,林明平.2010.不同植物生长调节剂对白木香扦插生根的影响. 林业科学研究,23(2):278~282
张忠微,石素霞,张彦广,张忠朝,王志刚,刘行.2008.金露梅嫩枝插穗生根过程中营养物质含量变化研究.河北农业大学学报,31(4):56~59
赵敏冲,李莲芳,李根前,刘代亿,张跃敏.2008.IAA和IBA对云南松插穗扦插生根的影响.西部林业科学, 37(3):13~17
赵晓敏,霍常富,沈海龙.2007.影响林木插条生根的内部及环境因子研究综述.世界林业研究,20(5): 12~16
郑科,郎南军,曹福亮,向振勇,袁瑞玲.2010.麻风树枝条扦插生长中多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性变化. 贵州农业科学,38(4):177~180
郑健,郑勇奇,吴超.2009.花楸树嫩枝扦插繁殖技术研究.林业科学研究,22(1):91~97
周红敏,瞿红,叶晓霞.2010.萘乙酸对金银花扦插成活的影响.浙江林业科技,30(5):56~59
周修任,刘荷芬,刘桂安,洪小江.2010.ABT处理和插穗长度对栝楼扦插苗质量的影响.中国农学通报, 26(10):160~163
周志刚,刘果厚,杨利祥,史学刚,罗芳.2009.四合木硬枝扦插生根特性的研究.中国沙漠,29(3):519~523
朱林海,何丙辉.2010.重庆地区马尾松嫩枝扦插技术研究.西南大学学报(自然科学版),32(2):33~37
Ahmed Q, Amssa M. 2003. Endogenous phenolic contents, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) offshoots related to rooting ability. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 25(4): 417~421
Araya H T, Soundy P, Toit E S, Mudau F N. 2007. Influence of cutting position, medium, hormone and season on rooting of bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides D C.) stem cuttings. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1: 243~252
Atangana A R, Tchoundjeu Z, Asaah E K, Atangana A R, Tchoundjeu Z, Asaah E K, Simons A J, Khasa D P. 2006. Domestication of Allanblackia floribunda: Amenability to vegetative propagation. Forest Ecology and Management, 27(2): 73~77
Celik H. 2005. Bluberry (Likapa) Growing Guide. In: Turkish. HASAD Publ: 128 Celik H. 2006a. Effect of bottom heating on rooting of northern blueberry softwood cuttings. Second national small fruits congress, 129~135
Celik H. 2006b. Blueberry, the newest berry fruit for Black Sea Region. In: Turkey. Second national small fruits congress, 124~128
Celik H, Odabas M S. 2009. Mathematical modeling of the indole-3-butyric acid applications on rooting of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) softwood-cuttings. Acta Physiol Plant, 31: 295~299
Coban H. 2007. Determination of polyphenol oxidase activity during rooting in cuttings of some grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.). Asian J Chem, 19: 4020~4024
Daizy R B, Harminder P S, Mansimran K, Ravinder K K, Surender S Y. 2008. Caffeine affects adventitious rooting and causes biochemical changes in the hypocotyl cutting of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus Roxb.). Acta Physiol Plant, 30: 401~405
Debnath S C. 2007. Influence of Indole-3-butyric acid and propagation method on growth and development of in vitro-and ex vitroderived lowbush blueberry plants. Plant Growth Regul, 51: 245~253
Dhillon R S, Pundeer M S, Ahlawat K S, Kumari S. 2009. Development of efficient techniques for clonal multiplication of Jatropha curcas L., a potential biodiesel plant. Research communications, 96(6): 823~827
Druege U, Zerche S, Kadner R. 2004. Nitrogen and storage-affected carbohydrate partitioning in high-light-adapted Pelargonium cuttings in relation to survival and adventitious root formation under low light. Ann Bot, 94: 831~842
Fernandes S J M, Serrano M C, Amaral E. 2002. Effect of different hormone treatments on rooting of Olea europaea cv. Galega vulgar cuttings. Acta Horticulturae, 586: 875~877
Fishel D W, Zaezek J J, Preece J E. 2003. Positional influence on rooting of shoots forced from the main bole of swamp white oak and northern red oak. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 33(4): 705~711
Gyana R R. 2006. Effects of auxins on adventitious root development from single node cuttings of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze and associated biochemical changes. Plant Growth Regul, 48: 111~117
Hartmann H T, Kester D E, Davies F T, Geneve R L. 2002. Plant Propagation, Principles and Practices. 7 the Ed, Prentice Hall, New Jersey: 880
Hatzilazarou S P, Syros T D, Yupsanis T A, Bosabalidis A M, Economou A S. 2006. Peroxidases, lignin and anatomy during in vitro and ex vitro rooting of gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) microshoots. J Plant Physiol, 163: 827~836
Kasim N E, Abou R M S, Shaheen M A, Yehia T A, Ali E L. 2009. Effect of different collection times and some treatments on rooting and chemical internal constituents of Bitter Almond hardwood cuttings. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 5(2): 116~122
Kim J Y, Seo S Y, Kim S K, Sung S K, Song K J, Gynheung A, Kim W T. 2001. Two polyphenol oxidases are differentially expressed during vegetative and reproductive development and in response to wounding of Fuji apple. Plant Sci, 161: 1145~1152
Kotis M, Yupsanis T A, Syros T D, Economou A S. 2009. Peroxidase, acid phosphatase, Rnase and Dnase activity and isoform patterns during in vitro rooting of Petunia×hybrida microshoots. Biologia Plantarum, 53(3): 530~538
Krisantini S, Johnston M, Williams R R, Beveridge C. 2006. Adventitious root formation in Grevillea (Proteaceae), an Australian native species. Scientia Horticulturae, 107(2): 171~175
LAI Rui yun , ZHONG Zan hua, ZHANG Xue qin, LIN Li xian, SU Ming hua, XIE Zhi nan. 2010. Effects of Remain ing Leaf Com bining w ith IBA on Rooting,Physiological and Biochem ical Indicators of Leaves from Bougainvillea spectabilis Cuttings. Agricultural Science & Technology, 11(7): 120~123
Leakey R R B. 2004. Physiology of vegetative reproduction, In: Burley J, Evans E, Younqist JA (eds) Encyclopaedia of Forest Sciences. Academic Press. London: 1655~1668
Metaxas D J, Syros T D, Yupsanis T, Economou A S. 2004. Peroxidases during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Arbutus unedo and Taxus baccata as affected by plant genotype and growth regulator treatment. Plant Growth Regul, 44: 257~266
Molassiotis A, Sotiropoulos T, Tanou G, Diamantidis G, Therios L. 2006a. Boron-induced oxidative damage and antioxidant and nucleolytic responses in shoot tips culture of the apple rootstock EM 9 (Malus domestica Borkh). Environ Exp Bot, 56: 54~62
Molassiotis A N, Sotiropoulos T, Tanou G, Kofidis G, Diamantidis G, Therios E. 2006b. Antioxidant and anatomical responces in shoot culture of the apple rootstock MM 106 treated with NaCl, KCl, mannitol or sorbitol. Biol Plant, 50: 61~68
Muratisfendiyaroglu, Elmasozeker. 2008. Rooting of OLEA Europaea“DOMAT”cuttings by auxin and salicylic acid treatments. Pak J Bot, 40(3): 1135~1141
Ngo Mpeck M L, Atangana A R, Omgba A M. 2009. Temporal variation in rooting of Annickia chlorantha leafy stem cuttings. New Forests, 38: 273~283
Niknam V, Razavi N, Ebrahimzadeh H, Sharifizadeh H. 2006. Effect of NaCl on biomass, protein and proline contents, and antioxidant enzymes in seedlings and calli of two Trigonella species. Biol Plant, 50: 591~596 Ozyigit I I, Kahramanz M B, Ecranz O. 2007. Relationship between explant age, total phenols and regeneration response in tissue cultured cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Afr J Biotech, 6: 3~8 Pan R C, Wang J X, Tian X S. 2002. Influence of ethylene on adventitious root formation in mung bean hypocotyls cuttings. Plant Growth Regul, 36: 135~139
Puffy S, Kwena W, Mpati. 2008. Influence of cutting position, medium, hormone and season on rooting of Fever Tea (Lippia javanica L.) stem cuttings. Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology, Global Science Books: 114~116
Rapaka V K, Bessler B, Schreiner M, Druege U. 2005. Interplay between initial carbohydrate availability, current photosynthesis, and adventitious root formation in Pelargonium cuttings. Plant Sci, 168: 1547~1560
Rosier C L, Frampton J, Goldfarb B. 2004. Growth stage, auxin type, and concentration influence rooting of stem cuttings of Fraser fir. HortScience, 39: 1392~1396
Saranga J, Cameron R. 2007. Adventitious root formation in Anacardium occidentale L. in response to phytohormones and rem oval of roots. Scientia Horticulturae, 111: 164~172
Satisha J, Ramteke S D, Karibasappa G S. 2007. Physiological and biochemical characterization of grape rootstocks. S Afr J Enol Vitic, 28: 163~168
Satisha J, Raveendran P, Rokade N D. 2008. Changes in polyphenol oxidase activity during rooting of hardwood cuttings in three Grape rootstocks under Indian conditions. S Afr J Enol Vitic, 29(2): 94~97
Schreckenberg K, Degrande A,Mbosso C. 2002. The social and economic importance of Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H J Lam in southern Cameroon. For Trees Livelihoods, 12: 15~40
Sebastiani L, Rognetti T. 2004. Growing season and hydrogen peroxide effects on root induction and development in Olea europaea L. (cvs‘Frantoio’and‘Gentile di Larino’)cuttings. Scientia Horticulturae, 100: 75~82
Singh S, Kumar P, Ansari S A. 2004. A simple method for large-scale propagation of Dendrocalamus asper. Sci Hortic, 100: 251~255
Sunita K, Kochhar V K, Singh S P, Katiyar R S, Pushpangadan P. 2005. Differential rooting and sprouting behaviour of two Jatropha species and associated physiological and biochemical changes. Current Science, 89(6): 936~939
Syros T, Yupsanis T,Zafiriadis H, Economou A. 2004. Activity and isoforms of peroxidases, lignin and anatomy, during adventitious rooting in cuttings of Ebenus cretica L. J Plant Physio, 161: 69~77
Tang W, Newton R J. 2004. Increase of polyphenol oxidase and decrease of polyamines correlate with tissur browning in Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill). Plant Sci, 167: 621~628
Tarrago′P, Sansberro R, Filip P, Lo′pez A, Gonza′lez C, Luna L. 2005. Mroginskia Effect of leaf retention and flavonoids on rooting of Ilex paraguariensis cuttings. Scientia Horticulturae, 103(4): 479~488
Tohit G. 2000. Peroxidase and IAAO-xidase activities during rooting in cuttings of three poplar specie. Turk J Bot, 24: 97~101
Tsipouridis C, Thomidis T, Bladenopoulou S. 2006. Rhizogenesis of GF677, Early Crest May Crest and Arm King stem cuttings during the year in relation to carbohydrate and natural hormone content. Sci Hortic, 108: 200~204
Wilkerson E G, Gates R S, Zolnier S, Kester S T, Geneve R L. 2005. Transpiration capacity in poinsett ia cu ttings at different root ing stages and the development of a cutting coefficient for scheduling mist. JAm Soc Hort Sci, 130: 295~301.
Xian Feng Guo, XiLing Fu, DeKui Zang, Yan Ma. 2009. Effect of auxin treatments, cuttings’collection date and initial characteristics on Paeonia‘Yang Fei Chu Yu’cutting propagation. Scientia Horticulturae, 119: 177~181
X M Li, X Y He, L H Zhang, W Chen, Q Chen. 2009. Influence of elevated CO2 and O3 on IAA, IAA oxidase and peroxidase in the leaves of ginkgo trees. Biologia Plantarum, 53(2): 339~342
Yilmaz H, Taskin T, Otludil B. 2003. Polyphenol oxidase activity during rooting in cuttings of grapes (Vitis vinifera L) varieties. Turkish J Bot, 27: 495~498