铸态TB6钛合金的加工图及其锻造工艺优化
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摘要
TB6钛合金是一种为适应损伤容限设计原则而生产的高结构效益的钛合金,由于具有良好的综合性能,在民用和军用飞机上获得了广泛的应用。TB6钛合金锻造变形组织对变形温度、应变速率等锻造热力参数比较敏感,热力参数容差小,因此有必要对TB6钛合金锻造热力参数的优化进行研究。本文根据铸态TB6钛合金的等温恒应变速率压缩实验数据,对其热变形行为进行了分析,并采用基于动态材料模型的加工图技术对该合金锻造热力参数进行了优化。所得结果对铸态TB6钛合金锻造工艺的制定及获得组织与性能优良且稳定一致的锻件具有重要的指导意义。
利用Thermecmaster-Z型热加工模拟实验机,在变形温度和应变速率分别为800～1150℃和0.001～10s-1的范围内对铸态TB6钛合金进行了等温恒应变速率热压缩实验。利用压缩实验所获得的数据,绘制了不同变形温度及应变速率条件下的真应力-应变曲线,并分别分析了变形温度和应变速率对铸态TB6钛合金流动应力的影响。结果表明,流动应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小。从流动应力值的大小来考虑,在低的变形温度条件下(800～950℃),应变速率范围为0.001～0.1 s-1时适宜加工;而在高的变形温度条件下(1000～1150℃),应变速率范围为0.001～1 s-1时适宜加工。计算得出,铸态TB6钛合金在应变为0.8时的平均变形激活能Q=225.32kJ/mol。
对铸态TB6钛合金的热压缩实验数据进行合理的处理,并分别基于Prasad判据和Murty判据绘制出该合金在不同应变量下的加工图。比较和分析表明,基于Murty判据绘制出的加工图比基于Prasad判据绘制出的加工图更能准确的预测和优化锻造热力参数。根据对基于Murty判据绘制出的加工图中稳定区与失稳区的失稳现象分析及组织观察,确定出不同区域的变形机制,并优化出该合金的锻造热力参数。结果表明:当变形温度范围为800～890℃,应变速率范围为0.01～1s-1时,易出现局部流动现象;而当变形温度范围为800～890℃,应变速率范围为1～10 s-1时,则出现了裂纹。在所研究参数范围内,铸态TB6钛合金有四个较佳的变形热力参数区域,分别为800～950℃、0.001～0.008s-1,1025～1075℃、0.001～0.032s-1,920～975℃、1.8～10s-1和1030～1065℃、3.2～10s-1。其中最佳的锻造热力参数分别为850～875℃、0.001s-1附近及1050～1075℃、0.001s-1附近,它们的变形机制分别为大晶粒超塑性与动态再结晶。
TB6 titanium alloy is a kind of titanium alloy in order to meet the damage tolerance design principles and production of high structural efficiency , which obtain a wide range of applications in the civil and military aircraft for its good overall performance. Because the deformed microstructure of TB6 titanium alloy is sensitive to the deformation of thermal parameters such as the deformation temperatures and the strain rates and this alloy has a small tolerance of forging thermomechanical parameters, it is essential to optimize the thermomechanical parameters of TB6 titanium alloy. In this paper, the hot deformation behavior of casting TB6 titanium alloy was analyzed by using the test data obtained from the isothermal and constant strain rate compression tests, and the forging thermomechanical parameters were optimized by using the processing map technology based on dynamic material model. The obtained results are of great value for making reasonable forging process to manufacture casting TB6 titanium alloy forgings with excellent and uniform microstructures as well as properties that can be repeated under the same processing conditions.
The isothermal and constant strain rate compression tests were carried out in the temperature range of 800～1150℃and strain rate range of 0.001～10\s-1 by Thermecmaster-Z simulator. The true stress-true strain curves at different temperatures and strain rates were plotted with the data obtained from the test, and the influence of the temperature and strain rate on the flow stress of casting TB6 titanium alloy was analyzed. The results indicated that the flow stress decreases with the increasing temperatures and decreasing strain rates. In view of the value of flow stress, the strain rate range of 0.001～0.1 s-1 is suitable for working in the low-temperature(800～950℃)and the strain rate range of 0.001～1s-1 is suitable for working in the high-temperatur(e1000～1150℃). The average deformation activation energy of TB6 titanium alloy at a stain of 0.8 was calculated as 225.32kJ/mol.
The hot compression test data of casting TB6 titanium alloy were treated reasonably, and the processing maps for this alloy were developed at various stains with data based on Prasad criterion and Murty criterion, respectively. The comparison and analysis of the processing maps based on Prasad criterion and Murty criterion showed that the processing maps based on Murty criterion can predict and optimize the forging thermomechanical parameters more accurately. By analyzing the stability and instability regions of the processing maps and observing microstructure of the samples deformed in different regions in the processing maps based on Murty criterion, the deformation mechanisms in different regions were identified and the thermomechanical parameters of this alloy were optimized. The results showed that the flow localization tended to occur in the temperature range of 800～890℃and strain rate range of 0.01～1s-1, and the crack tended to occur in the temperature range of 800～890℃and strain rate range of 1～10 s-1. There are four regimes corresponding to preferable deformation thermomechanical parameters described as following: 800～950℃、0.001～0.008s-1,1025～1075℃、0.001～0.032s-1,920～975℃、1.8～10s-1 and 1030～1065℃、3.2～10s-1, respectively. The optimum of deformation thermomechanical parameters were in the order of the temperature between 850～875℃, the strain rate at 0.001s-1 and the temperature between 1050～1075℃, the strain rate at 0.001s-1 with the deformation mechanisms of large-grained superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization, respectively.
利用Thermecmaster-Z型热加工模拟实验机,在变形温度和应变速率分别为800～1150℃和0.001～10s-1的范围内对铸态TB6钛合金进行了等温恒应变速率热压缩实验。利用压缩实验所获得的数据,绘制了不同变形温度及应变速率条件下的真应力-应变曲线,并分别分析了变形温度和应变速率对铸态TB6钛合金流动应力的影响。结果表明,流动应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而减小。从流动应力值的大小来考虑,在低的变形温度条件下(800～950℃),应变速率范围为0.001～0.1 s-1时适宜加工;而在高的变形温度条件下(1000～1150℃),应变速率范围为0.001～1 s-1时适宜加工。计算得出,铸态TB6钛合金在应变为0.8时的平均变形激活能Q=225.32kJ/mol。
对铸态TB6钛合金的热压缩实验数据进行合理的处理,并分别基于Prasad判据和Murty判据绘制出该合金在不同应变量下的加工图。比较和分析表明,基于Murty判据绘制出的加工图比基于Prasad判据绘制出的加工图更能准确的预测和优化锻造热力参数。根据对基于Murty判据绘制出的加工图中稳定区与失稳区的失稳现象分析及组织观察,确定出不同区域的变形机制,并优化出该合金的锻造热力参数。结果表明:当变形温度范围为800～890℃,应变速率范围为0.01～1s-1时,易出现局部流动现象;而当变形温度范围为800～890℃,应变速率范围为1～10 s-1时,则出现了裂纹。在所研究参数范围内,铸态TB6钛合金有四个较佳的变形热力参数区域,分别为800～950℃、0.001～0.008s-1,1025～1075℃、0.001～0.032s-1,920～975℃、1.8～10s-1和1030～1065℃、3.2～10s-1。其中最佳的锻造热力参数分别为850～875℃、0.001s-1附近及1050～1075℃、0.001s-1附近,它们的变形机制分别为大晶粒超塑性与动态再结晶。
TB6 titanium alloy is a kind of titanium alloy in order to meet the damage tolerance design principles and production of high structural efficiency , which obtain a wide range of applications in the civil and military aircraft for its good overall performance. Because the deformed microstructure of TB6 titanium alloy is sensitive to the deformation of thermal parameters such as the deformation temperatures and the strain rates and this alloy has a small tolerance of forging thermomechanical parameters, it is essential to optimize the thermomechanical parameters of TB6 titanium alloy. In this paper, the hot deformation behavior of casting TB6 titanium alloy was analyzed by using the test data obtained from the isothermal and constant strain rate compression tests, and the forging thermomechanical parameters were optimized by using the processing map technology based on dynamic material model. The obtained results are of great value for making reasonable forging process to manufacture casting TB6 titanium alloy forgings with excellent and uniform microstructures as well as properties that can be repeated under the same processing conditions.
The isothermal and constant strain rate compression tests were carried out in the temperature range of 800～1150℃and strain rate range of 0.001～10\s-1 by Thermecmaster-Z simulator. The true stress-true strain curves at different temperatures and strain rates were plotted with the data obtained from the test, and the influence of the temperature and strain rate on the flow stress of casting TB6 titanium alloy was analyzed. The results indicated that the flow stress decreases with the increasing temperatures and decreasing strain rates. In view of the value of flow stress, the strain rate range of 0.001～0.1 s-1 is suitable for working in the low-temperature(800～950℃)and the strain rate range of 0.001～1s-1 is suitable for working in the high-temperatur(e1000～1150℃). The average deformation activation energy of TB6 titanium alloy at a stain of 0.8 was calculated as 225.32kJ/mol.
The hot compression test data of casting TB6 titanium alloy were treated reasonably, and the processing maps for this alloy were developed at various stains with data based on Prasad criterion and Murty criterion, respectively. The comparison and analysis of the processing maps based on Prasad criterion and Murty criterion showed that the processing maps based on Murty criterion can predict and optimize the forging thermomechanical parameters more accurately. By analyzing the stability and instability regions of the processing maps and observing microstructure of the samples deformed in different regions in the processing maps based on Murty criterion, the deformation mechanisms in different regions were identified and the thermomechanical parameters of this alloy were optimized. The results showed that the flow localization tended to occur in the temperature range of 800～890℃and strain rate range of 0.01～1s-1, and the crack tended to occur in the temperature range of 800～890℃and strain rate range of 1～10 s-1. There are four regimes corresponding to preferable deformation thermomechanical parameters described as following: 800～950℃、0.001～0.008s-1,1025～1075℃、0.001～0.032s-1,920～975℃、1.8～10s-1 and 1030～1065℃、3.2～10s-1, respectively. The optimum of deformation thermomechanical parameters were in the order of the temperature between 850～875℃, the strain rate at 0.001s-1 and the temperature between 1050～1075℃, the strain rate at 0.001s-1 with the deformation mechanisms of large-grained superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization, respectively.
引文
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