软件无线电中频数字化技术研究与实现
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摘要
本文在分析了理想软件无线电系统和当前数字信号处理器的运算能力后，提出了现阶段可实现的软件无线电系统，即建立在标准化模块化的通用硬件平台上的软件可编程可再配置软件无线电中频数字化系统，并对这个系统上可实现的软件无线电通用数字技术作了介绍。本文以软件无线电中频数字化接收机为例，针对调频信号的接收，详细地阐述了软件无线电中频数字化的实现理论基础及其算法，借助计算机软件对调频信号接收机模型作了实时仿真，得到了满意的仿真结果，对进一步的项目研究起到了很大指导作用。作者设计了软件无线电中频数字化接收机通用硬件平台，结合原理图对硬件工作的机理进行了全面的分析，并对一些重要的数字芯片的特性和使用作了说明。通过向这个通用硬件平台上加载相应的软件完成特定的通信功能，通过对软件的升级可以对这个系统不断升级，作者设计了使这个硬件平台完成调频信号数字接收机功能的全部软件，使这个硬件平台可以作为软件无线电超短波调频电台的中频数字化模块，承担调频信号的数字解调。最后，将软件加载到中频数字化硬件平台上，借助电路板和测量设备，得到了满意的试验结果，充分证实了软件无线电中频数字化技术的理论和实现的可行性以及本系统作为软件无线电超短波调频电台的中频数字化模块的可行性。
This dissertation analyses the system of the ideal software radio and the processing ability of digital signal processors, provides the realization of software radio system in recent years, that is, based on the commonly used hardware platform, software programmable and configurable, IF digital system, and declares the popular digital technologies in software radio which can be used in this IF digital system. Taking IF digital receiver of software radio as example, based on the FM signal receiving, the dissertation illustrates the realization of theory basis and arithmetic of IF digital in software radio, and makes a real-time simulation to the receiver model using the computer software, then gets some satisfying results. The author designs the commonly used hardware platform of IF digital receiver in software radio, and companying with the schematic circuit plot analyses the working principle of hardware system, moreover, explains the properties and usages of some important digital processors. Special function will be implemented by downloading special software into the hardware platform, and the system can be constantly upgraded by continually upgrading the software. The author programs all the software which defines all the functions of IF digital receiver taking FM receiving as example, which makes it the IF digital unit of ultrashort FM transceiver. By the means of downloading software into the IF digital hardware platform, some satisfying results have gotten and shown in this dissertation with help of circuit board and measuring devices, which fully testifies the feasibility of theory and realization of IF digital technology in software radio and the feasibility of this project as IF digital unit of ultrashort transceiver.
This dissertation analyses the system of the ideal software radio and the processing ability of digital signal processors, provides the realization of software radio system in recent years, that is, based on the commonly used hardware platform, software programmable and configurable, IF digital system, and declares the popular digital technologies in software radio which can be used in this IF digital system. Taking IF digital receiver of software radio as example, based on the FM signal receiving, the dissertation illustrates the realization of theory basis and arithmetic of IF digital in software radio, and makes a real-time simulation to the receiver model using the computer software, then gets some satisfying results. The author designs the commonly used hardware platform of IF digital receiver in software radio, and companying with the schematic circuit plot analyses the working principle of hardware system, moreover, explains the properties and usages of some important digital processors. Special function will be implemented by downloading special software into the hardware platform, and the system can be constantly upgraded by continually upgrading the software. The author programs all the software which defines all the functions of IF digital receiver taking FM receiving as example, which makes it the IF digital unit of ultrashort FM transceiver. By the means of downloading software into the IF digital hardware platform, some satisfying results have gotten and shown in this dissertation with help of circuit board and measuring devices, which fully testifies the feasibility of theory and realization of IF digital technology in software radio and the feasibility of this project as IF digital unit of ultrashort transceiver.
引文
[1] Mitola J.III,Software radios-survey, critical evaluation and future directions , Telesystems Conference, 1992. NTC-92., National , 19-20 May 1992 ,Page(s): 13/15 -13/23.
[2] Buracchini, E. ，The software radio concept ,IEEE Communications Magazine , Volume: 38 Issue: 9 , Sept. 2000 ，Page(s): 138 -143.
[3] Mitola, J. ,The software radio architecture , IEEE Communications Magazine , Volume: 33 Issue: 5 , May 1995 ,Page(s): 26 -38.
[4] Vidano, R. ,SPEAKeasy II-an IPT approach to software programmable radio development , MILCOM 97 Proceedings , Volume: 3 , 1997 ,Page(s): 1212 -1215 vol.3.
[5] The ACTS FIRST project and its approach to software radio design ,Bennett, D.W.; Kenington, P.B.; McGeehan, J.P.;,Adaptable and Multistandard Mobile Radio Terminals (Reg. No. 1998/406), IEE Colloquium on , 18 May 1998 ,Page(s): 4/1 -4/6.
[6] Kourtis S.; McAndrew P.; Tottle P., Software radio 2G & 3G inner receiver processing , UMTS Terminals and Software Radio (Ref. No. 1999/055), IEE Colloquium on , 1999 ,Page(s): 6/1 -6/7.
[7] Shihe Li; Jun Li ,TD-SCDMA: standardization and prototype development , Communications, 1999. APCC/OECC '99. Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on . and Fourth Optoelectronics and Communications Conference , Volume: 2 , 1999 ,Page(s): 1715 vol.2.
[8] Park, J.; Joe, E.; Myung-Jun Choe; Bang-Sup Song ，A 5-MHz IF digital FM demodulator， Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 34 Issue: 1 , Jan. 1999 ，Page(s): 3 -11.
[9] Balan, C.; Munteanu, D.; Simion, S. ,Processing FM signal using digital baseband methods , Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2001. TELSIKS 2001. 5th International Conference on , Volume: 2 , 2001 ,Page(s): 587 -590 vol.2.
[10] Hong-Kui Yang; Snelgrove, W.M. ，High speed polyphase CIC decimation filters， Circuits and Systems, 1996. ISCAS '96., Connecting the World., 1996 IEEE International Symposium on , Volume: 2 , 1996 ，Page(s): 229 -232 vol.2.
[11] Soo-Chang Pei; Peng-Hua Wang ，Design of equiripple FIR filters with constraint using a multiple exchange algorithm， Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 49 Issue: 1 , Jan. 2002 ，Page(s): 113 -116.
[12] Chan, Y.T.; Ma, Q.; So, H.C.; Inkol, R. ，Evaluation of various FFT methods for single tone detection and frequency estimation ， Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1997. Engineering Innovation: Voyage of Discovery. IEEE 1997 Canadian Conference on , Volume: 1 , 1997 ，Page(s): 211 -214 vol.1.
[13] Van Rooyen, G.-J.; Lourens, J.G. ，A quadrature baseband approach to direct digital FM synthesis ， Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 46 Issue: 3 , Sept. 2000 ，Page(s): 227 -230.
[14] Kwon, H.M.; Kwang Bok Lee ，A novel digital FM receiver for mobile and personal communications， Communications, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 44 Issue: 11 , Nov. 1996 ，Page(s): 1466 -1476.
[15] Zheng Wu; Cheng Luo; Xin Su; Xibin Xu ，Digital filter implementation for software radio ， Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001. VTC 2001 Spring. IEEE VTS 53rd , 2001 ，Page(s): 1902 -1906 vol.3.
[16] Sawai, R.; Harada, H.; Shirai, H.; Fujise, M.，A feasibility of an adaptive sampling processing method for software defined radio， Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001. VTC 2001 Spring. IEEE VTS 53rd , 2001 ，Page(s): 1892 -1896 vol.3.
[17] Davies, N.C. ，A high performance HF software radio， HF Radio Systems and Techniques, 2000. Eighth International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 474) , 2000 ，Page(s): 249 -256.
[18] Mitola, J., III ，Software radio architecture: a mathematical perspective ， Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 17 Issue: 4 , April 1999 ，Page(s): 514 -538.
[19] Jennison, B.K. ，Performance of a linear frequency-modulated signal detection algorithm ， Radar Conference, 2000. The Record of the IEEE 2000 International , 2000 ，Page(s): 447 -450.
[28] Jongsun Park; Woopyo Jeong; Hunsoo Choo ，High performance and low power FIR filter design based on sharing multiplication， Low Power Electronics and Design, 2002. ISLPED '02. Proceedings of the 2002 International Symposium on , 2002 ，Page(s): 295 -300.
[20] Rowinska-Schwarzweller, A.; Wintermantel, M. ，On designing fir filters using windows based on Gegenbauer polynomials ， Circuits and Systems, 2002. ISCAS 2002. IEEE International Symposium on , Volume: 1 , 2002 ，Page(s): 413 -416.
[21] Aikawa, N.; Sato, M. ，Low delay lowpass fir filters with maximally flat characteristics in the passband, and the transmission zeros in the stopband ， Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2002 IEEE International Conference on , Volume: 2 , 2002，Page(s): 1533 -1536.
[22] Stathaki, T.; Fotinopoulos, I. ，Equiripple minimum phase FIR filter design from linear phase systems using root moments ， Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 48 Issue: 6 , June 2001 ，Page(s): 580 -587.
[23] Kei-Yong Khoo; Zhan Yu; Wilson, A.N., Jr. ，Efficient high-speed CIC decimation filter ， ASIC Conference 1998. Proceedings. Eleventh Annual IEEE International , 1998 ，Page(s): 251 -254.
[24] Cook, P.G.; Bonser, W.,Architectural overview of the SPEAKeasy system, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 17 Issue: 4 , April 1999 ,Page(s): 650 -661.
[25] Analog Devices AD6640 Data,12-bit 65 MSPS IF Sampling A/D converter,1998.
[26] TI TMS320VC5410 Data,Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor,2000.
[27] TI TLV5636 Data,2.7V to 5.5V low power 12-bit digital to analog converter with internal reference and power down,1999.
[28] AMD Am29DL400B Data, 4 Megabit CMOS 3.0 Volt-only Simultaneous Operation Flash Memory,2000.
[29] XILINX XC9572 Data,XC9572 In-System Programmable CPLD,1998.
[30] Analog Devices AD6620 Data,65 MSPS Digital Receive Signal Processor,1998.
[31] http://www.analog.com.
[32] http://www.ti.com.
[33] 杨小牛等,软件无线电原理与应用,电子工业出版社,2001.
[2] Buracchini, E. ，The software radio concept ,IEEE Communications Magazine , Volume: 38 Issue: 9 , Sept. 2000 ，Page(s): 138 -143.
[3] Mitola, J. ,The software radio architecture , IEEE Communications Magazine , Volume: 33 Issue: 5 , May 1995 ,Page(s): 26 -38.
[4] Vidano, R. ,SPEAKeasy II-an IPT approach to software programmable radio development , MILCOM 97 Proceedings , Volume: 3 , 1997 ,Page(s): 1212 -1215 vol.3.
[5] The ACTS FIRST project and its approach to software radio design ,Bennett, D.W.; Kenington, P.B.; McGeehan, J.P.;,Adaptable and Multistandard Mobile Radio Terminals (Reg. No. 1998/406), IEE Colloquium on , 18 May 1998 ,Page(s): 4/1 -4/6.
[6] Kourtis S.; McAndrew P.; Tottle P., Software radio 2G & 3G inner receiver processing , UMTS Terminals and Software Radio (Ref. No. 1999/055), IEE Colloquium on , 1999 ,Page(s): 6/1 -6/7.
[7] Shihe Li; Jun Li ,TD-SCDMA: standardization and prototype development , Communications, 1999. APCC/OECC '99. Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on . and Fourth Optoelectronics and Communications Conference , Volume: 2 , 1999 ,Page(s): 1715 vol.2.
[8] Park, J.; Joe, E.; Myung-Jun Choe; Bang-Sup Song ，A 5-MHz IF digital FM demodulator， Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 34 Issue: 1 , Jan. 1999 ，Page(s): 3 -11.
[9] Balan, C.; Munteanu, D.; Simion, S. ,Processing FM signal using digital baseband methods , Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2001. TELSIKS 2001. 5th International Conference on , Volume: 2 , 2001 ,Page(s): 587 -590 vol.2.
[10] Hong-Kui Yang; Snelgrove, W.M. ，High speed polyphase CIC decimation filters， Circuits and Systems, 1996. ISCAS '96., Connecting the World., 1996 IEEE International Symposium on , Volume: 2 , 1996 ，Page(s): 229 -232 vol.2.
[11] Soo-Chang Pei; Peng-Hua Wang ，Design of equiripple FIR filters with constraint using a multiple exchange algorithm， Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 49 Issue: 1 , Jan. 2002 ，Page(s): 113 -116.
[12] Chan, Y.T.; Ma, Q.; So, H.C.; Inkol, R. ，Evaluation of various FFT methods for single tone detection and frequency estimation ， Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1997. Engineering Innovation: Voyage of Discovery. IEEE 1997 Canadian Conference on , Volume: 1 , 1997 ，Page(s): 211 -214 vol.1.
[13] Van Rooyen, G.-J.; Lourens, J.G. ，A quadrature baseband approach to direct digital FM synthesis ， Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 46 Issue: 3 , Sept. 2000 ，Page(s): 227 -230.
[14] Kwon, H.M.; Kwang Bok Lee ，A novel digital FM receiver for mobile and personal communications， Communications, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 44 Issue: 11 , Nov. 1996 ，Page(s): 1466 -1476.
[15] Zheng Wu; Cheng Luo; Xin Su; Xibin Xu ，Digital filter implementation for software radio ， Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001. VTC 2001 Spring. IEEE VTS 53rd , 2001 ，Page(s): 1902 -1906 vol.3.
[16] Sawai, R.; Harada, H.; Shirai, H.; Fujise, M.，A feasibility of an adaptive sampling processing method for software defined radio， Vehicular Technology Conference, 2001. VTC 2001 Spring. IEEE VTS 53rd , 2001 ，Page(s): 1892 -1896 vol.3.
[17] Davies, N.C. ，A high performance HF software radio， HF Radio Systems and Techniques, 2000. Eighth International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 474) , 2000 ，Page(s): 249 -256.
[18] Mitola, J., III ，Software radio architecture: a mathematical perspective ， Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 17 Issue: 4 , April 1999 ，Page(s): 514 -538.
[19] Jennison, B.K. ，Performance of a linear frequency-modulated signal detection algorithm ， Radar Conference, 2000. The Record of the IEEE 2000 International , 2000 ，Page(s): 447 -450.
[28] Jongsun Park; Woopyo Jeong; Hunsoo Choo ，High performance and low power FIR filter design based on sharing multiplication， Low Power Electronics and Design, 2002. ISLPED '02. Proceedings of the 2002 International Symposium on , 2002 ，Page(s): 295 -300.
[20] Rowinska-Schwarzweller, A.; Wintermantel, M. ，On designing fir filters using windows based on Gegenbauer polynomials ， Circuits and Systems, 2002. ISCAS 2002. IEEE International Symposium on , Volume: 1 , 2002 ，Page(s): 413 -416.
[21] Aikawa, N.; Sato, M. ，Low delay lowpass fir filters with maximally flat characteristics in the passband, and the transmission zeros in the stopband ， Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2002 IEEE International Conference on , Volume: 2 , 2002，Page(s): 1533 -1536.
[22] Stathaki, T.; Fotinopoulos, I. ，Equiripple minimum phase FIR filter design from linear phase systems using root moments ， Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 48 Issue: 6 , June 2001 ，Page(s): 580 -587.
[23] Kei-Yong Khoo; Zhan Yu; Wilson, A.N., Jr. ，Efficient high-speed CIC decimation filter ， ASIC Conference 1998. Proceedings. Eleventh Annual IEEE International , 1998 ，Page(s): 251 -254.
[24] Cook, P.G.; Bonser, W.,Architectural overview of the SPEAKeasy system, Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on , Volume: 17 Issue: 4 , April 1999 ,Page(s): 650 -661.
[25] Analog Devices AD6640 Data,12-bit 65 MSPS IF Sampling A/D converter,1998.
[26] TI TMS320VC5410 Data,Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor,2000.
[27] TI TLV5636 Data,2.7V to 5.5V low power 12-bit digital to analog converter with internal reference and power down,1999.
[28] AMD Am29DL400B Data, 4 Megabit CMOS 3.0 Volt-only Simultaneous Operation Flash Memory,2000.
[29] XILINX XC9572 Data,XC9572 In-System Programmable CPLD,1998.
[30] Analog Devices AD6620 Data,65 MSPS Digital Receive Signal Processor,1998.
[31] http://www.analog.com.
[32] http://www.ti.com.
[33] 杨小牛等,软件无线电原理与应用,电子工业出版社,2001.