保护信息逻辑模型及其推理方法的研究
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摘要
电网故障诊断系统利用故障过程中的各类信息进行故障识别,可以快速准确地对故障进行分析处理,协助调度员在故障后做出快速合理的运行决策。
随着调度自动化系统的不断完善,用于电网故障诊断的信息来源越来越丰富。在多数据源的条件下,电网故障诊断不仅判断设备的故障(异常),而且要分析故障的全过程,目标定位在重建故障的全过程。
针对现有的在线故障诊断系统的不足以及重建故障过程这一目标,本文研究开发了用于电网故障诊断的保护信息逻辑模型。该模型在数据来源方面综合利用了来自SCADA系统与故障信息系统两个数据源提供的信息。设计了一种通用的知识表示方法来描述不同数据源的报警信息之间或中间结论之间的因果关系,将该因果关系网转化成计算机识别的推理逻辑。数据库的设计方面,在原有EMS一次数据的基础上进行了修改,形成了新的一次数据库,并且开发设计了二次数据库。在此数据基础上,研究开发了分析各保护的保护范围、确定可疑故障设备、主动有效的收集数据、按照逻辑动作顺序对报警信息排序、提示漏报信息、提示拒动信息并分析拒动原因六个方面的推理功能。
最后,本文以某地区电网110kV线路故障为例,验证了该保护信息逻辑模型各推理功能的正确性。
The funtion of the fault diagnosis system is to diagnose the fault device with the fault information. It can quickly and accurately analyze the fault, determine the fault type and offer treatment advice to help dispatchers quickly make reasonable operational decision.
With the contant improvement of dispatching automation system, there have been more and more information for fault diagnosis. In the conditions of multiple data sources, fault diagnosis is not only to determine the fault equipment(exception), but also to analyze the entire process of fault, which is the target of the fault diagnosis.
To deal with some shortcoming of the online fault diagnosis for the current system and rebuid the porcess of the fault, the paper develops a protection model based on logic for the fault diagnosis system by making using of the dual-source data from the SCADA system and the fault information system. The logical model designs a general knowledge representation method to describe the causal relationship between alarm information or intermediate conclusion. It sets up the network of causal relationship between secondary information from different data sources and realizes the six following functions including determining the scope of protection, determining the suspected faulty equipment, active data collection, a logical sequence of alarm information, tips of missing information, tips of non-operation information and the reason of it.
Finally, the validity of logical protection model is verified by taking the power grid 110kV line fault as an example.
随着调度自动化系统的不断完善,用于电网故障诊断的信息来源越来越丰富。在多数据源的条件下,电网故障诊断不仅判断设备的故障(异常),而且要分析故障的全过程,目标定位在重建故障的全过程。
针对现有的在线故障诊断系统的不足以及重建故障过程这一目标,本文研究开发了用于电网故障诊断的保护信息逻辑模型。该模型在数据来源方面综合利用了来自SCADA系统与故障信息系统两个数据源提供的信息。设计了一种通用的知识表示方法来描述不同数据源的报警信息之间或中间结论之间的因果关系,将该因果关系网转化成计算机识别的推理逻辑。数据库的设计方面,在原有EMS一次数据的基础上进行了修改,形成了新的一次数据库,并且开发设计了二次数据库。在此数据基础上,研究开发了分析各保护的保护范围、确定可疑故障设备、主动有效的收集数据、按照逻辑动作顺序对报警信息排序、提示漏报信息、提示拒动信息并分析拒动原因六个方面的推理功能。
最后,本文以某地区电网110kV线路故障为例,验证了该保护信息逻辑模型各推理功能的正确性。
The funtion of the fault diagnosis system is to diagnose the fault device with the fault information. It can quickly and accurately analyze the fault, determine the fault type and offer treatment advice to help dispatchers quickly make reasonable operational decision.
With the contant improvement of dispatching automation system, there have been more and more information for fault diagnosis. In the conditions of multiple data sources, fault diagnosis is not only to determine the fault equipment(exception), but also to analyze the entire process of fault, which is the target of the fault diagnosis.
To deal with some shortcoming of the online fault diagnosis for the current system and rebuid the porcess of the fault, the paper develops a protection model based on logic for the fault diagnosis system by making using of the dual-source data from the SCADA system and the fault information system. The logical model designs a general knowledge representation method to describe the causal relationship between alarm information or intermediate conclusion. It sets up the network of causal relationship between secondary information from different data sources and realizes the six following functions including determining the scope of protection, determining the suspected faulty equipment, active data collection, a logical sequence of alarm information, tips of missing information, tips of non-operation information and the reason of it.
Finally, the validity of logical protection model is verified by taking the power grid 110kV line fault as an example.
引文
[1]郭创新,朱传柏,曹一家等.电力系统故障诊断的研究现状与发展趋势[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(8)：102-107
[2]许君德,赵冬梅,张东英等.基于双数据源的地区电网故障诊断实用化应用[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(13)：68-72
[3]文福栓.利用保护和断路器信息的电力系统故障诊断与不可观测的保护的状态识别的模型与Tabu搜索方法[J].电工技术学报,1998,13(5)：1-8
[4]刘青松,夏道止.基于正反向推理的电力系统故障诊断专家系统[J].电网技术,1998,23(9)：66-71
[5]Ernesto Vazquez M,Oscar L,Chacon M,et al. An On-Line Expert System for Fault Section Diagnosis in Power Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1997,12(1):357-362
[6]张学兵,刘小冰,阎彩萍等.基于正反推理的电力系统故障诊断[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(5)：30-33
[7]WAKE A, SAKAGUCHIT. Method to Determine the Fault Components of Power System Based on Description of Structure and Function of Relay System[J]. IEEE Trans. Japan,1984,104-B(10):248-256
[8]Young Moon Park, Gwang-Won Kim, Jin-Man Sohn. A Logic Based Expert Systerm for Fault Diagnosis of Power System[J]. IEEE Trans. Power Syetems,1997, V12(1):363-369
[9]T Minakawa, M Kunugi, K Shimada. Development and Implementation of a Power System Fault Diagnosis Expert System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1995,V10(2):932-939
[10]Park D Y, Ahn B S, Kim S H,et al. Dealing Uncertainties in the Fault Diagnosis System.In:ISAP'99.Rio de Janeiro(Brazil):1999
[11]Hyun Joon Cho, Jong Keun Park. An Expert System for Fault Section Diagnosis of Power Systems using Fuzzy Relations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1996,V12 (1):342-347
[12]顾雪平,盛四清,张文勤等.电力系统故障诊断神经网络专家系统的一种实现方式[J].电力系统自动化,1995,19(9)：245-25l
[13]张琦,韩祯祥,文福拴.一种基于粗糙集理论的电力系统故障诊断和警报处理新方法[J].中国电力,1998,31(4)：32-38
[14]孙静,秦世引,宋永华.一种基于Petri网和概率信息的电力系统故障诊断方法[J].电力系统自动化,2003,13(7)：24-27
[15]文福栓.只利用断路器信息诊断电力系统故障的高级遗传算法[J].电工技术学报,1996,11(2)：58-64
[16]Erneso vazquer M, Oscar L.Chacon M.Hector J.Altuve F. An on-line expert system for faultsection diagnosis in power system[J]. IEEE trans.on WARD, vol.12,no.1,pp.357-362,February 1997.
[17]杨海晶,张东英,吴琼.基电力系统柔性SCADA框架设计及功能分析[J].电网技术,2006,30(15)：36-39
[18]杜一,张沛超,聂宇本.基于故障录波数据的分布式电网故障诊断系统[J].继电器,2003,31(1)：26-29
[19]张琦,韩祯祥,文福拴.一种基于粗糙集理论的电力系统故障诊断和警报处理新方法[J].中国电力,1998,31(4)：32-38
[20]潘丹,曾安,郑启伦.一种基于粗糙集理论的智能故障诊断新方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,14(4)：48-62
[21]Hui Ren, Zengqiang Mi, Jinfeng Diao. A Novel Power System FDA Scherne Based On Petri Nets And Coding Theory[J].0-7803-8610-8/04/2004 IEEE:108-113
[22]P.T.T.Binh and N.D.Tuyen. Fault Diagnosis of Power System Using Neural Petri Net and Fuzzy Neural Petri Net[J].0-7803-9525-5/06/2006 IEEE
[23]郝琳娜.变电站录波数据分析与故障诊断系统的研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2002
[24]何赞峰.基于故障录波信息的电网故障诊断方法的研究及录波分析软件的开[D].北京：华北电力大学,2002
[25]周亚玲,张举,焦彦军等.基于故障录波器信息的故障诊断系统[J].电网技术,2001,25(11)：42-45
[26]党德玉,沈晶.一种电网调度中心的故障信息识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(18)：54-56
[27]许君德.地区电网故障诊断实用化研究与实现[D].北京：华北电力大学,2006
[28]Mehrotra S.On the implementation of primal-dual interior point method[J]. SIAM Journal on Optimization,1992,2(4):575-601
[29]张旭.地区电网故障诊断实用化研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2005
[30]邓国新.地区电网故障诊断系统中对错误信息辨识的研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2008
[31]Kim H, Ko Y, Jung K H. Arificial neural-network based feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction in distribution systems [J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1993,8(3):1356-1366
[32]Hsiao-Dong Chiang, Rene Jean-Jumeau.Optimal network reconfigurations in distribution systems:paitl:a new formulation and solution methodlslgy[J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery,1990,5(4):1902-1909
[33]周京阳,于尔铿,吴津.能量管理系统(EMS)[J].电力系统自动化,1997,21(3)：73-76
[34]Brown,R.E.Network reconfiguration for improving reliability in distribution systems[J]. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.2003,4(24): 19-24
[35]杨宜东,孙志挥.基十时间序列的电力系统故障诊断规则挖掘[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,17：223-224
[36]Jung Juhwan, Hong Mingguo, Liu Chenching, et al. Logic and Validation Techiniques for Handing of Mingssing Information in Fault Diagnosis[J]. Engineering Intelligent Systems,2001.9(4):213-217
[37]William R, Rince,Bruce F, Wollenberg, David B, Bertagnolli. Survey on excessive alarms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1989,4(3),950-956
[38]R.Khosla,T.Dillon. Learning Knowledge and Strategy of a Neuro-Expert System Architecture in Alarm Processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(4),1610-1618
[39]张楠,郭伟.电力系统故障诊断中智能化方法的应用述评[J].福建电脑,2006,3：48-50
[40]高翔,张沛超,章坚民.电网故障信息系统应用技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006
[41]郭光荣,李斌.电力系统继电保护(继电专业适用)[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[42]党德玉,沈晶.一种电网调度中心的故障信息识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(18)：54-56
[2]许君德,赵冬梅,张东英等.基于双数据源的地区电网故障诊断实用化应用[J].电力系统自动化,2006,30(13)：68-72
[3]文福栓.利用保护和断路器信息的电力系统故障诊断与不可观测的保护的状态识别的模型与Tabu搜索方法[J].电工技术学报,1998,13(5)：1-8
[4]刘青松,夏道止.基于正反向推理的电力系统故障诊断专家系统[J].电网技术,1998,23(9)：66-71
[5]Ernesto Vazquez M,Oscar L,Chacon M,et al. An On-Line Expert System for Fault Section Diagnosis in Power Systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1997,12(1):357-362
[6]张学兵,刘小冰,阎彩萍等.基于正反推理的电力系统故障诊断[J].电力系统自动化,1998,22(5)：30-33
[7]WAKE A, SAKAGUCHIT. Method to Determine the Fault Components of Power System Based on Description of Structure and Function of Relay System[J]. IEEE Trans. Japan,1984,104-B(10):248-256
[8]Young Moon Park, Gwang-Won Kim, Jin-Man Sohn. A Logic Based Expert Systerm for Fault Diagnosis of Power System[J]. IEEE Trans. Power Syetems,1997, V12(1):363-369
[9]T Minakawa, M Kunugi, K Shimada. Development and Implementation of a Power System Fault Diagnosis Expert System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1995,V10(2):932-939
[10]Park D Y, Ahn B S, Kim S H,et al. Dealing Uncertainties in the Fault Diagnosis System.In:ISAP'99.Rio de Janeiro(Brazil):1999
[11]Hyun Joon Cho, Jong Keun Park. An Expert System for Fault Section Diagnosis of Power Systems using Fuzzy Relations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1996,V12 (1):342-347
[12]顾雪平,盛四清,张文勤等.电力系统故障诊断神经网络专家系统的一种实现方式[J].电力系统自动化,1995,19(9)：245-25l
[13]张琦,韩祯祥,文福拴.一种基于粗糙集理论的电力系统故障诊断和警报处理新方法[J].中国电力,1998,31(4)：32-38
[14]孙静,秦世引,宋永华.一种基于Petri网和概率信息的电力系统故障诊断方法[J].电力系统自动化,2003,13(7)：24-27
[15]文福栓.只利用断路器信息诊断电力系统故障的高级遗传算法[J].电工技术学报,1996,11(2)：58-64
[16]Erneso vazquer M, Oscar L.Chacon M.Hector J.Altuve F. An on-line expert system for faultsection diagnosis in power system[J]. IEEE trans.on WARD, vol.12,no.1,pp.357-362,February 1997.
[17]杨海晶,张东英,吴琼.基电力系统柔性SCADA框架设计及功能分析[J].电网技术,2006,30(15)：36-39
[18]杜一,张沛超,聂宇本.基于故障录波数据的分布式电网故障诊断系统[J].继电器,2003,31(1)：26-29
[19]张琦,韩祯祥,文福拴.一种基于粗糙集理论的电力系统故障诊断和警报处理新方法[J].中国电力,1998,31(4)：32-38
[20]潘丹,曾安,郑启伦.一种基于粗糙集理论的智能故障诊断新方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,14(4)：48-62
[21]Hui Ren, Zengqiang Mi, Jinfeng Diao. A Novel Power System FDA Scherne Based On Petri Nets And Coding Theory[J].0-7803-8610-8/04/2004 IEEE:108-113
[22]P.T.T.Binh and N.D.Tuyen. Fault Diagnosis of Power System Using Neural Petri Net and Fuzzy Neural Petri Net[J].0-7803-9525-5/06/2006 IEEE
[23]郝琳娜.变电站录波数据分析与故障诊断系统的研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2002
[24]何赞峰.基于故障录波信息的电网故障诊断方法的研究及录波分析软件的开[D].北京：华北电力大学,2002
[25]周亚玲,张举,焦彦军等.基于故障录波器信息的故障诊断系统[J].电网技术,2001,25(11)：42-45
[26]党德玉,沈晶.一种电网调度中心的故障信息识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(18)：54-56
[27]许君德.地区电网故障诊断实用化研究与实现[D].北京：华北电力大学,2006
[28]Mehrotra S.On the implementation of primal-dual interior point method[J]. SIAM Journal on Optimization,1992,2(4):575-601
[29]张旭.地区电网故障诊断实用化研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2005
[30]邓国新.地区电网故障诊断系统中对错误信息辨识的研究[D].北京：华北电力大学,2008
[31]Kim H, Ko Y, Jung K H. Arificial neural-network based feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction in distribution systems [J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, 1993,8(3):1356-1366
[32]Hsiao-Dong Chiang, Rene Jean-Jumeau.Optimal network reconfigurations in distribution systems:paitl:a new formulation and solution methodlslgy[J]. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery,1990,5(4):1902-1909
[33]周京阳,于尔铿,吴津.能量管理系统(EMS)[J].电力系统自动化,1997,21(3)：73-76
[34]Brown,R.E.Network reconfiguration for improving reliability in distribution systems[J]. IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting.2003,4(24): 19-24
[35]杨宜东,孙志挥.基十时间序列的电力系统故障诊断规则挖掘[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,17：223-224
[36]Jung Juhwan, Hong Mingguo, Liu Chenching, et al. Logic and Validation Techiniques for Handing of Mingssing Information in Fault Diagnosis[J]. Engineering Intelligent Systems,2001.9(4):213-217
[37]William R, Rince,Bruce F, Wollenberg, David B, Bertagnolli. Survey on excessive alarms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1989,4(3),950-956
[38]R.Khosla,T.Dillon. Learning Knowledge and Strategy of a Neuro-Expert System Architecture in Alarm Processing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,1997,12(4),1610-1618
[39]张楠,郭伟.电力系统故障诊断中智能化方法的应用述评[J].福建电脑,2006,3：48-50
[40]高翔,张沛超,章坚民.电网故障信息系统应用技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2006
[41]郭光荣,李斌.电力系统继电保护(继电专业适用)[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[42]党德玉,沈晶.一种电网调度中心的故障信息识别方法[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(18)：54-56