基于泛布尔代数的医疗诊断推理机的原理研究与实现
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摘要
医疗诊断推理专家系统是当前人工智能研究中最活跃的分支之一,它实现了人工智能从理论研究走向实际应用,从一般思维方法探讨转入专门知识运用的重大突破。医疗诊断逻辑推理机作为医疗诊断推理专家系统最核心的部分,其性能的好坏决定该专家系统的成败。主要的研究成果如下:
采用泛布尔代数公理体系作为理论依据研究医疗诊断逻辑推理机的原理,提出了如何运用逻辑非运算来实现推理过程的简化,并介绍实际的医疗诊断逻辑推理机的设计方案与方法。
开展了医疗诊断逻辑推理机推理策略的研究。讨论了基于初步诊断与鉴别诊断的正反推理过程与基于病症-疾病映射关系的泛布尔函数式的匹配比较的研究。同时研究了逻辑非运算的适用范围与使用方法,以及如何采用逻辑非运算来实现泛布尔函数式的简化。
整个推理机由上位机人机交互界面和下位机硬件推理机两部分组成。前者的主要功能是为用户手动输入疾病症状提供一个交互式平台,可以完成向用户提问,并将用户回答的结果简单处理后传给下位机。后者的主要功能是完成推理,并将推理的结果回传给上位机显示。上位机人机交互界面采用Visual Basic编程,下位机硬件系统采用“ARM单片机PLC2124+XCR3128型CPLD+USB接口芯片PDIUSBD12”的构架模式。
完成医疗诊断推理机推理比较部分的软件设计。基于ISE Foundation 6.1软件平台,采用VHDL硬件描述语言对CPLD硬件推理机进行了研究和设计。基于ADS集成开发环境,采用C语言实现了PLC2124的系统流程控制、数据通讯和协助CPLD完成推理。
完成医疗诊断推理机USB通讯软件编程。在基于Windows DDK的USB硬件驱动平台下,对推理机下位机硬件与PC互联进行了研究和设计。针对软件的模块化,着重实现了USB设备固件程序、USB设备驱动程序与USB设备通讯应用程序三个子模块程序的编写。基于Visual Studio 6.0软件,设计了上位机人机交互界面,并研究了上位机人机交互界面与下位机硬件设备间USB通讯方式;制定了符合本系统的通讯协议,并在该通讯协议的基础上,实现了上、下位机间的数据交换。
Medical Diagnosis Inference Expert System is one of the active embranchment of artificial intelligent research at present. It is an importance breakthrough that the Expert System realized practice application of artificial intelligent from academic research and realized expert knowledge application from common thinking way discussion. As hardcore of Medical Diagnosis Inference Expert System, stand or fall of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference's capability determined the Expert System. Main research achievement is as bellows:Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference's theory is researched based on Pan-Boolean algebraic on Axiomatic, how to realize consequence applying Non-logic is put forward, and an practice design scheme and method of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference are introduced.Research on conducted strategy of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference is developed. We discussed forward reasoning and backward reasoning based on basic and differential diagnosis, and studied matching compare of Pan-Boolean function based on symptom and disease mapping. Simultaneity, applicable range and using way of Non-logic are studied, and how to simplified Pan-Boolean Function adopting Non-logic.The integrated Inference makes up of two parts: the host human-computer interaction interface and hardware Inference. The former, which accomplish enquiries for user and transmit answer's result of user by simply dealing to MCU, provides an alternating platform for user inputting disease's symptom manually. The later completes conduction, as well as return conducing result to the host. The host human-computer interaction interface adopt Visual Basic, while the hardware system apply PLC2124 of ARM MCU, XCR3128of CPLD and PDIUSBD12 of USB interface chip.The soft design on conducing and comparing of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference is completed. Based on ISE Foundation 6.1 soft platform, we made research and design on the CPLD hardware Inference applying VHDL Hardware Description Language. It realized system flowing control of PLC2124 communication by applying C language, and accomplished conduction by assisting CPLD, based on ADS integrated exploration environment.
The USB communication program of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference is completed. In the USB hardware drive platform based on Windows DDK, mutual link between the hardware Inference with the host is researched and designed. Aiming to the soft modularization, we mainly realized three blockettes: the firmware program of USB device, the drive program of USB device and the communication application program of USB device. Based on the Visual Studio 6.0 software, we designed the host human-computer interaction interface, and studied the USB communication way between the host human-computer interaction interface with the hardware; the communication agreement fitting for the system is established, and realized data transmission between the host with the hardware.
采用泛布尔代数公理体系作为理论依据研究医疗诊断逻辑推理机的原理,提出了如何运用逻辑非运算来实现推理过程的简化,并介绍实际的医疗诊断逻辑推理机的设计方案与方法。
开展了医疗诊断逻辑推理机推理策略的研究。讨论了基于初步诊断与鉴别诊断的正反推理过程与基于病症-疾病映射关系的泛布尔函数式的匹配比较的研究。同时研究了逻辑非运算的适用范围与使用方法,以及如何采用逻辑非运算来实现泛布尔函数式的简化。
整个推理机由上位机人机交互界面和下位机硬件推理机两部分组成。前者的主要功能是为用户手动输入疾病症状提供一个交互式平台,可以完成向用户提问,并将用户回答的结果简单处理后传给下位机。后者的主要功能是完成推理,并将推理的结果回传给上位机显示。上位机人机交互界面采用Visual Basic编程,下位机硬件系统采用“ARM单片机PLC2124+XCR3128型CPLD+USB接口芯片PDIUSBD12”的构架模式。
完成医疗诊断推理机推理比较部分的软件设计。基于ISE Foundation 6.1软件平台,采用VHDL硬件描述语言对CPLD硬件推理机进行了研究和设计。基于ADS集成开发环境,采用C语言实现了PLC2124的系统流程控制、数据通讯和协助CPLD完成推理。
完成医疗诊断推理机USB通讯软件编程。在基于Windows DDK的USB硬件驱动平台下,对推理机下位机硬件与PC互联进行了研究和设计。针对软件的模块化,着重实现了USB设备固件程序、USB设备驱动程序与USB设备通讯应用程序三个子模块程序的编写。基于Visual Studio 6.0软件,设计了上位机人机交互界面,并研究了上位机人机交互界面与下位机硬件设备间USB通讯方式;制定了符合本系统的通讯协议,并在该通讯协议的基础上,实现了上、下位机间的数据交换。
Medical Diagnosis Inference Expert System is one of the active embranchment of artificial intelligent research at present. It is an importance breakthrough that the Expert System realized practice application of artificial intelligent from academic research and realized expert knowledge application from common thinking way discussion. As hardcore of Medical Diagnosis Inference Expert System, stand or fall of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference's capability determined the Expert System. Main research achievement is as bellows:Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference's theory is researched based on Pan-Boolean algebraic on Axiomatic, how to realize consequence applying Non-logic is put forward, and an practice design scheme and method of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference are introduced.Research on conducted strategy of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference is developed. We discussed forward reasoning and backward reasoning based on basic and differential diagnosis, and studied matching compare of Pan-Boolean function based on symptom and disease mapping. Simultaneity, applicable range and using way of Non-logic are studied, and how to simplified Pan-Boolean Function adopting Non-logic.The integrated Inference makes up of two parts: the host human-computer interaction interface and hardware Inference. The former, which accomplish enquiries for user and transmit answer's result of user by simply dealing to MCU, provides an alternating platform for user inputting disease's symptom manually. The later completes conduction, as well as return conducing result to the host. The host human-computer interaction interface adopt Visual Basic, while the hardware system apply PLC2124 of ARM MCU, XCR3128of CPLD and PDIUSBD12 of USB interface chip.The soft design on conducing and comparing of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference is completed. Based on ISE Foundation 6.1 soft platform, we made research and design on the CPLD hardware Inference applying VHDL Hardware Description Language. It realized system flowing control of PLC2124 communication by applying C language, and accomplished conduction by assisting CPLD, based on ADS integrated exploration environment.
The USB communication program of Medical Diagnosis Logic Inference is completed. In the USB hardware drive platform based on Windows DDK, mutual link between the hardware Inference with the host is researched and designed. Aiming to the soft modularization, we mainly realized three blockettes: the firmware program of USB device, the drive program of USB device and the communication application program of USB device. Based on the Visual Studio 6.0 software, we designed the host human-computer interaction interface, and studied the USB communication way between the host human-computer interaction interface with the hardware; the communication agreement fitting for the system is established, and realized data transmission between the host with the hardware.
引文
[1] 李衍华,孟宪鹏.逻辑学导读[M].北京:解放军出版社,1985.6:3-10,170—185.
[2] 黄德铭,施寿康.急诊规范与程序[M].上海:上海医科大学出版社,1995.8:25—54
[3] Joseph Giarratano,Gary Riley.专家系统原理与编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.4:1～30.
[4] 陈再旺,陈景长.一个医疗辅助诊断专家系统的设计和实现[J].计算机系统应用.Vol.12 2001
[5] Janet K, Willian M. Case-Based Reasoning[J]. IEEE Expert. 1992. 7(5)
[6] 《中国医药卫生知识资源总库》导论.CNKI导报——医药卫生信息化专刊.http://www.chkd.cnki.net/
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[11] 张晓等.正颌外科计算机辅助诊断、模拟手术及面像预测系统准确性研究[J].中华口腔医学杂志.1998 Vol.01
[12] 赵德平.B超诊断专家系统的设计和应用[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报.1997 Vol 02
[13] 吴新根.一种基于概率神经网络模型的胃病诊断专家系统[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版).1999 Vol.04
[14] 刘世玲,刘济跃.脑血管病发病与气象条件的关系及其预报专家系统[J].中华内科杂志.2000 Vol.01
[15] 高黎,卜淮原,胡曙.一种医疗智能诊断推理机的设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件.2002 Vol.6
[16] 张南纶.新控制原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.1:13-59.
[17] 张南纶、肖奚安、朱梧贾.泛布尔代数公理体系[J].空军气象学院学报,1985 Vol.01。
[18] 吴绍平.泛函分析及其应用.浙大:浙大出版社,2001.5
[19] 李世繁.形式逻辑新编[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983.10:38-59
[20] Zhang Hongmei, Wang Yongcheng. A disease diagnosis expert system model that simulates human [J] . Application Research of Computers, 2000, Vol. 01
[21] 樊永正.模仿思维的医学专家系统[J].计算机研究与发展,1995,Vol.04
[22] 俞思伟.医学专家系统的设计原理与实现方法[J].人工智能与专家系统,2002,Vol.06
[23] Pugh G E. Tan J K. Computerized database for Emergency Care: What Impact on Patient Care?[J]. Methods of Information in Medieme. 1999,33(5):507-513
[24] 顾正.帕金森氏病诊断中归纳推理代数的应用[J].第四界全球智能控制与自动化大会文集.上海:华东理工大学出版社,2002:779—785
[25] Reiter R. A Logic for Default Reasoning [J]. Artificial Interlligence. 1998, Vol.03
[26] Zhang Liqun, Li Jie. One scheduling algorithm applied in multiple-experts consultation system[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2000, Vol. 03
[27] Hudson. Fuzzy logic in medical expert system[J]. Foreign Medicine: Bioedical Engineering, 1995,18 (3): 148～154.
[28] PHILIPS LPC2114/2124型16/32位微控制器芯片中文说明书.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.下载网站:http://www.zlgmcu.com
[29] 赵晶等.电路设计与制版 Protel99高级应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.1
[30] XCR3128 Product Specification. Download form www.xilinx.com/partinfo/notify/pdn0007.htm
[31] Huang Weizhu, Xu Jun. Universe Serial Bus (USB) . APPLICATION RESEARCH OF COMPUTERS, 2001 Vol. 21
[32] PDIUSBD12 Product Specification. Download form: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com
[33] 周立功等.EasyARM2100开发套件用户指南.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,2004.4
[34] 周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.11
[35] 王诚,薛小刚等.FPGA/CPLD设计工具:Xilinx ISE 6.x使用详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.7
[36] 任晓东,文博.FPGA/CPLD高级应用开发指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.6
[37] 潘松,王国栋等.VHDL实用教程[M].北京:电子科技大学出版社,2001.9
[38] Wang Xingdong, u Songyu, Ye Wei. Virtual FPGA/CPLD Laboratory Based on Remote Testing[J]. The 4th International Conference On ASIC. 2001.10
[39] wang yan, wu zhongming. The Research of the USB Interface Technology in the Testing System[J]. Harbin Institute of Technology. 2003.02
[40] John Hyde著,孙耀国等译.USB设计应用实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.8
[41] Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class UFI Command Sepcification Revisionl. 0. December 14, 1998
[42] Universal Serial Bus Specification. Compaq, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, Revison 1.1, Sept. 23. 1998. 2
[43] 张剑.基于USB总线的便携式数据采集系统设计[硕士学位论文].南京理工大学,2004.3
[44] Chen Qimei, Zhang Jing. USB Data Stream Models[J]. APPLICATION RESEARCH OF COMPUTERS. 2001 Vol. 21 No. 03
[45] 李现勇.Visual C++串行通讯技术与工程实践[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.7
[46] Kate Gregpry著,前导工作室译.Visual C++6.0开发使用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.6
[47] Chris Cant著.Windows WDM设备驱动程序开发指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.1
[48] 王钦.Visual Basisc 6.0入门与提高[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.2
[49] 赵斯思.Visual Basisc数据库编程技术与实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.6
[2] 黄德铭,施寿康.急诊规范与程序[M].上海:上海医科大学出版社,1995.8:25—54
[3] Joseph Giarratano,Gary Riley.专家系统原理与编程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.4:1～30.
[4] 陈再旺,陈景长.一个医疗辅助诊断专家系统的设计和实现[J].计算机系统应用.Vol.12 2001
[5] Janet K, Willian M. Case-Based Reasoning[J]. IEEE Expert. 1992. 7(5)
[6] 《中国医药卫生知识资源总库》导论.CNKI导报——医药卫生信息化专刊.http://www.chkd.cnki.net/
[7] Satio K, et al. Medical Diagnostic Expert System Based On PDP model. Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. On Neural Network . San Diego . 1998.12
[8] http://www.shanghai-ison.com.cn/zymzdyb.htm,上海颐圣计算机系统有限公司网页.
[9] 汪亚明,郑凯.基于计算机图像分析的青光眼诊断系统[J].电子商务.1997年12期
[10] 汤学民.血气酸碱分析计算机辅助诊断系统的开发[J].数理医药学杂志.1999;12(4)
[11] 张晓等.正颌外科计算机辅助诊断、模拟手术及面像预测系统准确性研究[J].中华口腔医学杂志.1998 Vol.01
[12] 赵德平.B超诊断专家系统的设计和应用[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报.1997 Vol 02
[13] 吴新根.一种基于概率神经网络模型的胃病诊断专家系统[J].东南大学学报(自然科学版).1999 Vol.04
[14] 刘世玲,刘济跃.脑血管病发病与气象条件的关系及其预报专家系统[J].中华内科杂志.2000 Vol.01
[15] 高黎,卜淮原,胡曙.一种医疗智能诊断推理机的设计与实现[J].计算机应用与软件.2002 Vol.6
[16] 张南纶.新控制原理[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.1:13-59.
[17] 张南纶、肖奚安、朱梧贾.泛布尔代数公理体系[J].空军气象学院学报,1985 Vol.01。
[18] 吴绍平.泛函分析及其应用.浙大:浙大出版社,2001.5
[19] 李世繁.形式逻辑新编[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1983.10:38-59
[20] Zhang Hongmei, Wang Yongcheng. A disease diagnosis expert system model that simulates human [J] . Application Research of Computers, 2000, Vol. 01
[21] 樊永正.模仿思维的医学专家系统[J].计算机研究与发展,1995,Vol.04
[22] 俞思伟.医学专家系统的设计原理与实现方法[J].人工智能与专家系统,2002,Vol.06
[23] Pugh G E. Tan J K. Computerized database for Emergency Care: What Impact on Patient Care?[J]. Methods of Information in Medieme. 1999,33(5):507-513
[24] 顾正.帕金森氏病诊断中归纳推理代数的应用[J].第四界全球智能控制与自动化大会文集.上海:华东理工大学出版社,2002:779—785
[25] Reiter R. A Logic for Default Reasoning [J]. Artificial Interlligence. 1998, Vol.03
[26] Zhang Liqun, Li Jie. One scheduling algorithm applied in multiple-experts consultation system[J]. Application Research of Computers, 2000, Vol. 03
[27] Hudson. Fuzzy logic in medical expert system[J]. Foreign Medicine: Bioedical Engineering, 1995,18 (3): 148～154.
[28] PHILIPS LPC2114/2124型16/32位微控制器芯片中文说明书.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司.下载网站:http://www.zlgmcu.com
[29] 赵晶等.电路设计与制版 Protel99高级应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.1
[30] XCR3128 Product Specification. Download form www.xilinx.com/partinfo/notify/pdn0007.htm
[31] Huang Weizhu, Xu Jun. Universe Serial Bus (USB) . APPLICATION RESEARCH OF COMPUTERS, 2001 Vol. 21
[32] PDIUSBD12 Product Specification. Download form: http://www.semiconductors.philips.com
[33] 周立功等.EasyARM2100开发套件用户指南.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,2004.4
[34] 周立功等.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.11
[35] 王诚,薛小刚等.FPGA/CPLD设计工具:Xilinx ISE 6.x使用详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.7
[36] 任晓东,文博.FPGA/CPLD高级应用开发指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.6
[37] 潘松,王国栋等.VHDL实用教程[M].北京:电子科技大学出版社,2001.9
[38] Wang Xingdong, u Songyu, Ye Wei. Virtual FPGA/CPLD Laboratory Based on Remote Testing[J]. The 4th International Conference On ASIC. 2001.10
[39] wang yan, wu zhongming. The Research of the USB Interface Technology in the Testing System[J]. Harbin Institute of Technology. 2003.02
[40] John Hyde著,孙耀国等译.USB设计应用实例[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.8
[41] Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class UFI Command Sepcification Revisionl. 0. December 14, 1998
[42] Universal Serial Bus Specification. Compaq, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, Revison 1.1, Sept. 23. 1998. 2
[43] 张剑.基于USB总线的便携式数据采集系统设计[硕士学位论文].南京理工大学,2004.3
[44] Chen Qimei, Zhang Jing. USB Data Stream Models[J]. APPLICATION RESEARCH OF COMPUTERS. 2001 Vol. 21 No. 03
[45] 李现勇.Visual C++串行通讯技术与工程实践[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.7
[46] Kate Gregpry著,前导工作室译.Visual C++6.0开发使用手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.6
[47] Chris Cant著.Windows WDM设备驱动程序开发指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.1
[48] 王钦.Visual Basisc 6.0入门与提高[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.2
[49] 赵斯思.Visual Basisc数据库编程技术与实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.6