慢性乙肝患者和配偶的疾病认知干预对患者生活质量及病情的影响
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摘要
目的
了解慢性乙肝患者疾病认知状况、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能之间的相互关系及对生活质量的影响。
方法
采用对慢性乙型肝炎患者的疾病认知、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能及生活质量进行问卷调查的横断面研究设计。总共134名慢性乙肝患者参与了调查,测量的量表包括疾病认知调查问卷修订版(TheRevised Illness Perception Questionnaire,IPQ-R)、正性负性情绪量表(Positive and Negative Affect Scale,PANAS)、特质应对方式问卷(Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,TCSQ)、一般自我效能感量表(General Self-Efficacy Scale,GSES)、Olson婚姻满意度与交流问卷(ENRICH)、慢性乙型肝炎患者生活质量量表(Quality of Life Scale for Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B,QLS-CHB)。
结果
1.患者疾病认知中情绪陈述及相关性因子与情绪调整、应对方式呈负相关,情绪陈述与自我效能感有负相关,控制性因子与情绪调整、应对方式及自我效能感呈正相关；自我效能感与情绪调整、应对方式间呈正相关。
2.疾病认知中控制性因子、情绪调整与生活质量的生理、心理及社会维度呈正相关,而相关性和情绪陈述因子则与上述三个维度呈负相关；应对方式与生活质量的各维度呈显著的正相关；自我效能感与生活质量的生理维度呈现正相关；而疾病认知中的病程与严重后果因子还有患者的婚姻满意度与生活质量未发现显著的相关。生活质量高分组的疾病控制性认知、情绪调整、应对方式和自我效能的得分明显高于低分组的得分,高分组的疾病相关性、情绪陈述认知显著低于低分组的得分。
3.疾病认知各因子、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能对生活质量的逐步回归分析发现：①病程认知对生活质量的心理与社会维度有负性的影响；②严重后果认知对生活质量社会维度有负性的影响；③控制性认知对生活质量生理、心理与社会维度有正性的影响；④相关性认知对生活质量生理和心理维度有负性的影响；⑤情绪调整对生活质量生理、心理和社会维度均有显著的正性影响；⑥应对方式和自我效能对生活质量心理维度有显著的正性影响。
4.经中介变量的检验程序,结果示情绪调整为疾病认知与生活质量间的完全中介变量,应对方式和自我效能为部分中介变量。
结论
1.患者疾病认知的控制性因子、情绪调整是生活质量生理维度的积极因素,相关性因子是其消极因素；患者疾病病程认知因子、相关性认知因子是生活质量心理维度的消极因素,而控制性因子、情绪调整、应对方式和自我效能是其积极因素；疾病病程认知和严重后果认知因子是生活质量社会维度的消极因素,而控制性因子、情绪调整是其积极因素。
2.随着疾病控制性认知的提高,患者情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能感均有所改善；随着疾病相关性、情绪陈述认知的降低,患者情绪调整、应对方式均有所改善；患者疾病控制性认知、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能的得分越高,疾病相关性、情绪陈述认知的得分越低,生活质量越好。
3.疾病认知通过情绪调整影响了患者的生活质量,而部分通过应对方式和自我效能来影响患者生活质量。
目的
了解慢性乙肝患者配偶疾病认知、情绪调整对患者生活质量的影响。
方法
采用针对慢性乙型肝炎患者配偶的疾病认知、情绪调整、婚姻满意度进行调查的横断面研究设计。总共134名慢性乙肝患者配偶参与了调查,用于测量的量表包括疾病认知调查问卷修订版(The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,IPQ-R)、正性负性情绪量表(Positive and Negative Affect Scale,PANAS)、Olson婚姻满意度与交流问卷(ENRICH)。
结果
1.患者及配偶的疾病认知在病程、严重后果、控制性及情绪陈述因子上无明显差异,两者的相关性认知有显著性的差异,配偶认为患者对疾病相关的了解程度比患者自身认知的要差。配偶与患者疾病病程、控制性及相关性认知缺乏显著相关,而严重后果与情绪陈述均呈显著正相关。
2.配偶控制性认知与患者生活质量生理和社会维度呈正相关,配偶疾病相关性认知与生活质量症状维度呈正相关,配偶情绪陈述认知与患者情绪调整、自我效能及生活质量生理、心理、社会维度呈负相关,配偶情绪调整与患者情绪调整及生活质量心理维度呈正相关；配偶相关性认知与自身情绪调整呈负相关,配偶的婚姻满意度、控制性认知与自身情绪调整呈正相关。
3.配偶疾病认知各因子、情绪调整对患者生活质量的逐步回归分析发现：①配偶情绪调整对患者生活质量生理、心理维度有正性的影响,且与患者的情绪调整存在交互作用；②配偶严重后果认知对患者生活质量社会维度有负性的影响,与患者严重后果认知存在交互作用；③配偶控制性认知对患者生活质量生理、心理和社会维度都有正性的影响,且配偶控制性认知与患者控制性认知之间存在交互作用。
4.患者生活质量高分组的配偶疾病控制性认知和情绪调整得分较高,疾病情绪陈述认知得分较低。
结论
1.慢性乙肝患者和配偶的疾病认知差异性并不明显；配偶疾病认知的控制性因子是患者生活质量生理、心理和社会维度的积极因素,且这种积极影响是通过患者自身的控制性作为调节的；配偶严重后果的认知因子是患者社会功能的消极因素,且也是通过患者自身的后果认知作为调节的。较高的配偶控制性认知和较低的情绪陈述认知对患者总体生活质量的提高有利。
2.配偶的情绪调整状况是患者生活质量生理维度和心理维度的积极因素,这种影响是通过患者的情绪调整作为调节的；配偶情绪调整还有利于患者总体生活质量的提高。
目的
初步探讨针对慢性乙肝患者及配偶的疾病认知干预对患者生活质量和病情的作用及其作用机制。
方法
采用心理干预组与药物治疗组对照的前瞻性干预研究设计,系统比较了两组间在疾病认知、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能、生活质量以及肝功能指标方面治疗前后的差异,同时对患者生活质量改善的预测因素进行了分析。根据就诊顺序将患者随机分至心理干预组或药物治疗组,入组时心理干预组65人,药物治疗组69人,最后心理干预组54人,药物治疗组52人完成了研究。被试在入院后即与配偶一起进行基线指标的测量,包括疾病认知调查问卷修订版(The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,IPQ-R)、正性负性情绪量表(Positive and Negative Affect Scale,PANAS)、特质应对方式问卷(Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,TCSQ)、一般自我效能感量表(General Self-Efficacy Scale,GSES)、Olson婚姻满意度与交流问卷(ENRICH)、慢性乙型肝炎患者生活质量量表(Quality of Life Scale for Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B,QLS-CHB),治疗后6周、12周对患者进行上述指标的追踪调查。
结果
1.干预组与控制组治疗前后的疾病认知各因子得分均有显著性差异,除控制性因子得分升高外其余因子均有明显降低；心理干预组在疾病认知各因子方面减分的差值均显著高于控制组。
2.干预组与控制组情绪调整、应对方式与自我效能感在治疗后的得分都有显著的升高；干预组治疗前后减分的程度显著高于控制组。
3.对于生活质量各维度进行重复测量的方差分析(Repeated measures analysis of variance),结果如下：
①对于生活质量症状维度的分析显示,时间因素的主效应达到显著性水平,组别因素的主效应也达到显著性水平；组别和时间因素两者的交互作用也很显著,简单效应分析显示两组在时间1水平上有显著差异,在时间2、3水平上无明显差异；
②对于生活质量生理维度的分析显示,时间因素的主效应达到显著性水平,组别因素的主效应达到显著性水平；组别和时间存在交互作用,简单效应分析显示两组在时间1水平上无显著性差异,在时间2、3水平上差异显著。
③对于生活质量心理维度的分析显示,受疾病相关性认知、是否接受抗病毒治疗与时间的交互作用的影响,时间因素的主效应变得缺乏显著性,而组别因素受相关性认知的影响,主效应有显著性,组别和时间存在交互作用,简单效应显示两组在时间1、时间3水平上有显著差异。
④对于生活质量社会维度的分析显示,时间因素的主效应达到显著性,组别因素的主效应有显著性,组别和时间没有明显的交互作用。
4.心理干预组治疗前后生活质量各维度减分的程度显著高于控制组；两组ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL在治疗后的值都有显著的降低,ALB明显升高；心理干预组治疗前后肝功能各项指标改善的程度除AST外与控制组无明显差别。
5.患者病程认知与情绪陈述认知及应对方式得分对生活质量总分有显著的预测作用；配偶严重后果认知、相关性认知和情绪陈述认知得分以及情绪调整得分对患者生活质量总分有显著的预测作用。
6.心理干预组病程认知、严重后果认知、相关性认知、情绪陈述认知减分与生活质量生理、心理、社会维度及总分减分有显著的负相关；控制性认知、应对方式、情绪调整、自我效能感减分与生活质量生理、心理、社会维度及总分减分有显著的正相关；情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能减分与生活质量症状维度减分有显著的正相关。
结论
1.疾病认知方面,心理干预显著改善了患者疾病认知的水平,且随着疾病认知的改善,生活质量也有较大的提高,病程认知和情绪陈述认知对生活质量的改善有较强的预测作用；
2.情绪调整方面,心理干预显著改善了患者的情绪调整状况,随着情绪调整的改善,生活质量明显提高；
3.自我效能感方面,心理干预显著改善了患者自我效能水平,随着自我效能感的提高,生活质量也明显提高；
4.应对方式方面,心理干预显著改善了患者应对方式水平,随着应对方式的提高,生活质量也明显提高,并且应对方式对生活质量的改善有较强的预测作用；
5.生活质量方面,干预组与控制组均有效改善了患者生活质量的各个维度,心理干预组的作用更显著,对生理维度与心理维度尤其明显；
6.心理干预对患者病情影响并不显著,可能是干预和追踪时间较短的原因。
7.配偶严重后果认知、相关性认知、情绪陈述认知及情绪调整对患者生活质量的改善有较强的预测作用。
Objective
To understand the relationship between illness perceptions, emotional adjustment, coping style, self-efficacy and how these factors affect the quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey research design was used in our study. Illness perceptions, emotional adjustment, coping style, self-efficacy, marital satisfaction and quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis B was surveyed with the corresponding scales. A total of 134 chronic hepatitis B patients participated in the study. Measurement scales included The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R), Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES), Olson mariral quality questionnaire (ENRICH), and Quality of Life Scale for Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B(QLS-CHB).
Results
1. The emotional representations and coherence factors of illness perceptions were negatively correlated with emotional adjustment and coping style. The emotional representations factor was negatively correlated with self-efficacy. The control factor of illness perceptions was positively correlated with emotional adjustment, coping style and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was positively correlated with emotional adjustment and coping style.
2. The control factor of illness perceptions and emotional adjustment were positively correlated with quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors. Coping style was positively correlated with quality of life in all dimentions. The coherence and emotional representations factors were negatively correlated with quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors. Self-efficacy was positively correlated with quality of life in physical factor. The timeline and consequences factors of illness perceptions and marital satisfaction found no significant correlation with quality of life.
3. The stepwise regression analysis on quality of life showed that:①The timeline factor has negative effects on quality of life in psychological and social factors;②The consequences factor has negative effects on quality of life in social factor;③The control factor has positive effects on quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors;④The coherence factor has negative effects on quality of life in physical and psychological factor;⑤Emotional adjustment has positive effects on quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors;⑥Coping style and self-efficacy have positive effects on quality of life in psychological factor.
4. Through the estimation of mediating effects, emotional adjustment was proved to be a completely mediator between illness perceptions and quality of life; coping style and self-efficacy were proved to be a partly mediator between illness percptions and quality of life.
Conclusions
1. The control factor in illness perceptions and emotional adjustment are the positive factors to the physical dimension of quality of life, while the coherence factor is the negative factor; The timeline and coherence factors in illness perceptions are the negative factors to the psychological dimension of quality of life, while the control factor, emotional adjustment, coping style and self-efficacy are the positive factors; The timeline and consequences factors in illness perceptions are the negative factors to the social dimension of quality of life, while the control factor and emotional adjustment are the positive factor.
2. Increasing as the control factor in illness perceptions, the patients' emotional adjustment, coping style and self-efficacy are improved. Decreasing as the coherence and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions, the patients'emotional adjustment and coping style are improved. The various dimensions of quality of life are improved with the improvement of coping style.
3. The illness perceptions affected the patients'quality of life through emotional adjustment completely, coping style and self-efficacy partly.
Objective
To understand the affection of the spouses'illness perceptions, emotional adjustment on quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey research design was used in this study. Illness perceptions, emotional adjustment and marital satisfaction of the spouses was surveyed with the corresponding scales. A total of 134 spouses of the chronic hepatitis B patients participated in the study. Measurement scales included The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R), Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS), Olson mariral quality questionnaire(ENRICH).
Results
1. The timeline, consequences, control and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions between the patients and their spouses have no significant differences. The coherence factor in illness perceptions between them has significant differences. The spouses thought the patients'level of understanding their conditions was poorer than the patients'own recognition. The timeline, control and coherence factors in illness perceptions between the patients and the spouses have no significant correlation, while the consequences and emotional representations factors between them have significant positive correlation.
2. The spouses'control factor in illness perceptions was positively correlated with the patients'quality of life in physical and social factors. The spouses'coherence factor in illness perceptions was positively correlated with the patients'quality of life in symptom factor. The spouses'emotional representations factor in illness perceptions was negatively correlated with the patients'emotional adjustment, self-efficacy and quality of life in physical, psychological, social factors. The spouses'emotional adjustment was positively correlated with the patients'emotional adjustment and quality of life in psychological factor. The spouses'coherence factor in illness perceptions was negatively correlated with their own emotional adjustment. The spouses'marital satisfaction and control factor in illness perceptions were positively correlated with their own emotional adjustment.
3. The stepwise regression analysis on quality of life showed that:①The spouses'emotional adjustment has positively effects on the patients'quality of life in physical and psychological factors, and has an interaction with the patients'emotional adjustment;②The spouses' consequences factor in illness perceptions has negatively effects on the patients'quality of life in social factor, and has an interaction with the patients'consequence factor.③The spouses'control factor in illness perceptions has positively effects on the patients'quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors, and has an interaction with the patients'control factor.
Conclusions
1. The differences of illness perceptions between the patients and the spouses are not obvious. The spouses'control factor in illness perceptions is the positive factor to the patients'physical, psychological, social dimensions of quality of life, and the positive impact is through the patients'own control factor as a regulation. The spouses'consequences factor in illness perceptions is the negative factor to the patients'social dimension of quality of life, similarly, the impact is through the patients' own consequences factor as a regulation.
2. The spouses'emotional adjustment is the positive factor to the patients'physical and psychological dimensions of quality of life, and this impact is also through the patients'own emotional adjustment as a regulation.
Objective
Discussed the impact of illness perceptions intervention to the chronic hepatitis B patients and their spouses on quality of life and condition of the patients and its mechanism.
Methods
This study is a randomized controlled trial and the prospective study design including the psycho-intervention group and the drug treatment group as a control was used in the study. A systematic comparison about the differences before and after treatment was administered between the two groups in illness perceptions, emotional adjustment, coping style, self-efficacy, quality of life and liver function. Meanwhile, the predictive factors of improving the quality of life in patients were analyzed. According to the order of visits the patients were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. There were 65 patients in the intervention group and 69 patients in control group when started. However, there were 54 patients in the intervention group and 52 patients in control group completed the study at last. Both the patients and their spouses received the measurement of baseline indicators. Measurement scales included The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R), Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES), Olson mariral quality questionnaire(ENRICH), and Quality of Life Scale for Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B(QLS-CHB). The indicators above mentioned were measured repeatedly after the 6 weeks,12 weeks' follow-up.
Results
1. All the factors of illness perceptions before and after the treatment show significant differences in both the intervention group and control group. The scores of control factor increased while the scores of the other factors decreased significantly. The differences before and after the treatment in all the factors of illness perceptions were significantly higher in the intervention group than that of control group.
2. The scores of emotional adjustment, coping style and self-efficacy after the treatment in both the intervention group and control group has significantly increased. The differences before and after the treatment were significantly higher in the intervention group than that of control group.
3. the repeated measures analysis of variance was executed to quality of life in all dimensions. The results are as follows:
①The analysis to the symton dimension of quality of life showed that the main effect of time factor and group factor were both significant. The interaction between the two factors were also significant. Simple effect analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different at time 1, while had no significantly difference at time 2 or time 3.
②The analysis to the physical dimension of quality of life showed that the main effect of time factor and group factor were both significant. The interaction between the two factors were also significant. Simple effect analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different at time 2 and time 3, while had no significantly difference at time 1.
③The analysis to the psychological dimension of quality of life showed that the main effect of time factor become lack of significance by the effects of interaction with the coherence factor in illness perceptions and whether receiving the antiretroviral treatment. Instead, the main effect of group factor was significant by the effect of the coherence factor in illness perceptions. The interaction between time and group factors were also significant. Simple effect analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different at time 1 and time 3, while had no significantly difference at time 2.
④The analysis to the social dimension of quality of life showed that the main effect of time factor and group factor were both significant. The interaction between the two factors were not significant.
4. The differences before and after the treatment in all dimensions of quality of life were significantly higher in the intervention group than that of control group. The degree of improvement of liver function before and after treatment between the two groups had no significant differences except AST. The ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL of liver function in the two groups has decreased after treatment and ALB increased.
5. The patients'timeline and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions and coping style were the significant predictors to the quality of life. The spouses'consequences, coherence and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions and emotional adjustment were the significant predictors to quality of life of the patients.
6. In the intervention group the differences of the timeline, consequences, coherence and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions were negatively correlated with the differences of the physical, psychological, social dimensions of quality of life and its total scores before and after treatment. The differences of control factor in illness perceptions, coping style, emotional adjustment and self-efficacy were positively correlated with the differences of the physical, psychological, social dimensions of quality of life and its total scores before and after treatment. The differences of coping style, emotional adjustment and self-effcacy were positively correlated with the difference of the symptom dimension of quality of life before and after treatment.
Conclusions
1. On the aspect of illness perceptions, the intervention has improved the patients'illness perceptions significantly. With the improvement of illness perceptions quality of life of the patients has improved sigificantly. The timeline and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions are the predictive factors to the improvement of quality of life.
2. On the aspect of emotional adjustment, the intervention has improved the emtion of the patients significantly and with the improvement of emotion quality of life of the patients increased.
3. On the aspect of self-efficacy, the intervention has increased self-efficacy of the patients significantly and with the improvement of self-efficacy quality of life of the patients increased.
4. On the aspect of coping style, the intervention has improved coping style of the patients significantly. The patients'quality of life is improved with the improvement of coping style. Coping style has a strong prediction to the improvement of quality of life.
5. On the aspect of quality of life, both of the two groups have improved quality of life of the patients. The intervention group has a more effect than control group, especially in the dimension of physical and psychology.
6. The intervention has an insignificant impact on the condition of disease perhaps because of the short period of intervention and follow-up.
7. The spouses'consequences, coherence, emotional representations factors in illness perceptions and emotional adjustment are the predictive factors to the improvement of the patients'quality of life.
了解慢性乙肝患者疾病认知状况、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能之间的相互关系及对生活质量的影响。
方法
采用对慢性乙型肝炎患者的疾病认知、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能及生活质量进行问卷调查的横断面研究设计。总共134名慢性乙肝患者参与了调查,测量的量表包括疾病认知调查问卷修订版(TheRevised Illness Perception Questionnaire,IPQ-R)、正性负性情绪量表(Positive and Negative Affect Scale,PANAS)、特质应对方式问卷(Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,TCSQ)、一般自我效能感量表(General Self-Efficacy Scale,GSES)、Olson婚姻满意度与交流问卷(ENRICH)、慢性乙型肝炎患者生活质量量表(Quality of Life Scale for Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B,QLS-CHB)。
结果
1.患者疾病认知中情绪陈述及相关性因子与情绪调整、应对方式呈负相关,情绪陈述与自我效能感有负相关,控制性因子与情绪调整、应对方式及自我效能感呈正相关；自我效能感与情绪调整、应对方式间呈正相关。
2.疾病认知中控制性因子、情绪调整与生活质量的生理、心理及社会维度呈正相关,而相关性和情绪陈述因子则与上述三个维度呈负相关；应对方式与生活质量的各维度呈显著的正相关；自我效能感与生活质量的生理维度呈现正相关；而疾病认知中的病程与严重后果因子还有患者的婚姻满意度与生活质量未发现显著的相关。生活质量高分组的疾病控制性认知、情绪调整、应对方式和自我效能的得分明显高于低分组的得分,高分组的疾病相关性、情绪陈述认知显著低于低分组的得分。
3.疾病认知各因子、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能对生活质量的逐步回归分析发现：①病程认知对生活质量的心理与社会维度有负性的影响；②严重后果认知对生活质量社会维度有负性的影响；③控制性认知对生活质量生理、心理与社会维度有正性的影响；④相关性认知对生活质量生理和心理维度有负性的影响；⑤情绪调整对生活质量生理、心理和社会维度均有显著的正性影响；⑥应对方式和自我效能对生活质量心理维度有显著的正性影响。
4.经中介变量的检验程序,结果示情绪调整为疾病认知与生活质量间的完全中介变量,应对方式和自我效能为部分中介变量。
结论
1.患者疾病认知的控制性因子、情绪调整是生活质量生理维度的积极因素,相关性因子是其消极因素；患者疾病病程认知因子、相关性认知因子是生活质量心理维度的消极因素,而控制性因子、情绪调整、应对方式和自我效能是其积极因素；疾病病程认知和严重后果认知因子是生活质量社会维度的消极因素,而控制性因子、情绪调整是其积极因素。
2.随着疾病控制性认知的提高,患者情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能感均有所改善；随着疾病相关性、情绪陈述认知的降低,患者情绪调整、应对方式均有所改善；患者疾病控制性认知、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能的得分越高,疾病相关性、情绪陈述认知的得分越低,生活质量越好。
3.疾病认知通过情绪调整影响了患者的生活质量,而部分通过应对方式和自我效能来影响患者生活质量。
目的
了解慢性乙肝患者配偶疾病认知、情绪调整对患者生活质量的影响。
方法
采用针对慢性乙型肝炎患者配偶的疾病认知、情绪调整、婚姻满意度进行调查的横断面研究设计。总共134名慢性乙肝患者配偶参与了调查,用于测量的量表包括疾病认知调查问卷修订版(The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,IPQ-R)、正性负性情绪量表(Positive and Negative Affect Scale,PANAS)、Olson婚姻满意度与交流问卷(ENRICH)。
结果
1.患者及配偶的疾病认知在病程、严重后果、控制性及情绪陈述因子上无明显差异,两者的相关性认知有显著性的差异,配偶认为患者对疾病相关的了解程度比患者自身认知的要差。配偶与患者疾病病程、控制性及相关性认知缺乏显著相关,而严重后果与情绪陈述均呈显著正相关。
2.配偶控制性认知与患者生活质量生理和社会维度呈正相关,配偶疾病相关性认知与生活质量症状维度呈正相关,配偶情绪陈述认知与患者情绪调整、自我效能及生活质量生理、心理、社会维度呈负相关,配偶情绪调整与患者情绪调整及生活质量心理维度呈正相关；配偶相关性认知与自身情绪调整呈负相关,配偶的婚姻满意度、控制性认知与自身情绪调整呈正相关。
3.配偶疾病认知各因子、情绪调整对患者生活质量的逐步回归分析发现：①配偶情绪调整对患者生活质量生理、心理维度有正性的影响,且与患者的情绪调整存在交互作用；②配偶严重后果认知对患者生活质量社会维度有负性的影响,与患者严重后果认知存在交互作用；③配偶控制性认知对患者生活质量生理、心理和社会维度都有正性的影响,且配偶控制性认知与患者控制性认知之间存在交互作用。
4.患者生活质量高分组的配偶疾病控制性认知和情绪调整得分较高,疾病情绪陈述认知得分较低。
结论
1.慢性乙肝患者和配偶的疾病认知差异性并不明显；配偶疾病认知的控制性因子是患者生活质量生理、心理和社会维度的积极因素,且这种积极影响是通过患者自身的控制性作为调节的；配偶严重后果的认知因子是患者社会功能的消极因素,且也是通过患者自身的后果认知作为调节的。较高的配偶控制性认知和较低的情绪陈述认知对患者总体生活质量的提高有利。
2.配偶的情绪调整状况是患者生活质量生理维度和心理维度的积极因素,这种影响是通过患者的情绪调整作为调节的；配偶情绪调整还有利于患者总体生活质量的提高。
目的
初步探讨针对慢性乙肝患者及配偶的疾病认知干预对患者生活质量和病情的作用及其作用机制。
方法
采用心理干预组与药物治疗组对照的前瞻性干预研究设计,系统比较了两组间在疾病认知、情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能、生活质量以及肝功能指标方面治疗前后的差异,同时对患者生活质量改善的预测因素进行了分析。根据就诊顺序将患者随机分至心理干预组或药物治疗组,入组时心理干预组65人,药物治疗组69人,最后心理干预组54人,药物治疗组52人完成了研究。被试在入院后即与配偶一起进行基线指标的测量,包括疾病认知调查问卷修订版(The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire,IPQ-R)、正性负性情绪量表(Positive and Negative Affect Scale,PANAS)、特质应对方式问卷(Trait Coping Style Questionnaire,TCSQ)、一般自我效能感量表(General Self-Efficacy Scale,GSES)、Olson婚姻满意度与交流问卷(ENRICH)、慢性乙型肝炎患者生活质量量表(Quality of Life Scale for Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B,QLS-CHB),治疗后6周、12周对患者进行上述指标的追踪调查。
结果
1.干预组与控制组治疗前后的疾病认知各因子得分均有显著性差异,除控制性因子得分升高外其余因子均有明显降低；心理干预组在疾病认知各因子方面减分的差值均显著高于控制组。
2.干预组与控制组情绪调整、应对方式与自我效能感在治疗后的得分都有显著的升高；干预组治疗前后减分的程度显著高于控制组。
3.对于生活质量各维度进行重复测量的方差分析(Repeated measures analysis of variance),结果如下：
①对于生活质量症状维度的分析显示,时间因素的主效应达到显著性水平,组别因素的主效应也达到显著性水平；组别和时间因素两者的交互作用也很显著,简单效应分析显示两组在时间1水平上有显著差异,在时间2、3水平上无明显差异；
②对于生活质量生理维度的分析显示,时间因素的主效应达到显著性水平,组别因素的主效应达到显著性水平；组别和时间存在交互作用,简单效应分析显示两组在时间1水平上无显著性差异,在时间2、3水平上差异显著。
③对于生活质量心理维度的分析显示,受疾病相关性认知、是否接受抗病毒治疗与时间的交互作用的影响,时间因素的主效应变得缺乏显著性,而组别因素受相关性认知的影响,主效应有显著性,组别和时间存在交互作用,简单效应显示两组在时间1、时间3水平上有显著差异。
④对于生活质量社会维度的分析显示,时间因素的主效应达到显著性,组别因素的主效应有显著性,组别和时间没有明显的交互作用。
4.心理干预组治疗前后生活质量各维度减分的程度显著高于控制组；两组ALT、AST、TBIL、DBIL在治疗后的值都有显著的降低,ALB明显升高；心理干预组治疗前后肝功能各项指标改善的程度除AST外与控制组无明显差别。
5.患者病程认知与情绪陈述认知及应对方式得分对生活质量总分有显著的预测作用；配偶严重后果认知、相关性认知和情绪陈述认知得分以及情绪调整得分对患者生活质量总分有显著的预测作用。
6.心理干预组病程认知、严重后果认知、相关性认知、情绪陈述认知减分与生活质量生理、心理、社会维度及总分减分有显著的负相关；控制性认知、应对方式、情绪调整、自我效能感减分与生活质量生理、心理、社会维度及总分减分有显著的正相关；情绪调整、应对方式、自我效能减分与生活质量症状维度减分有显著的正相关。
结论
1.疾病认知方面,心理干预显著改善了患者疾病认知的水平,且随着疾病认知的改善,生活质量也有较大的提高,病程认知和情绪陈述认知对生活质量的改善有较强的预测作用；
2.情绪调整方面,心理干预显著改善了患者的情绪调整状况,随着情绪调整的改善,生活质量明显提高；
3.自我效能感方面,心理干预显著改善了患者自我效能水平,随着自我效能感的提高,生活质量也明显提高；
4.应对方式方面,心理干预显著改善了患者应对方式水平,随着应对方式的提高,生活质量也明显提高,并且应对方式对生活质量的改善有较强的预测作用；
5.生活质量方面,干预组与控制组均有效改善了患者生活质量的各个维度,心理干预组的作用更显著,对生理维度与心理维度尤其明显；
6.心理干预对患者病情影响并不显著,可能是干预和追踪时间较短的原因。
7.配偶严重后果认知、相关性认知、情绪陈述认知及情绪调整对患者生活质量的改善有较强的预测作用。
Objective
To understand the relationship between illness perceptions, emotional adjustment, coping style, self-efficacy and how these factors affect the quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey research design was used in our study. Illness perceptions, emotional adjustment, coping style, self-efficacy, marital satisfaction and quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis B was surveyed with the corresponding scales. A total of 134 chronic hepatitis B patients participated in the study. Measurement scales included The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R), Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES), Olson mariral quality questionnaire (ENRICH), and Quality of Life Scale for Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B(QLS-CHB).
Results
1. The emotional representations and coherence factors of illness perceptions were negatively correlated with emotional adjustment and coping style. The emotional representations factor was negatively correlated with self-efficacy. The control factor of illness perceptions was positively correlated with emotional adjustment, coping style and self-efficacy. Self-efficacy was positively correlated with emotional adjustment and coping style.
2. The control factor of illness perceptions and emotional adjustment were positively correlated with quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors. Coping style was positively correlated with quality of life in all dimentions. The coherence and emotional representations factors were negatively correlated with quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors. Self-efficacy was positively correlated with quality of life in physical factor. The timeline and consequences factors of illness perceptions and marital satisfaction found no significant correlation with quality of life.
3. The stepwise regression analysis on quality of life showed that:①The timeline factor has negative effects on quality of life in psychological and social factors;②The consequences factor has negative effects on quality of life in social factor;③The control factor has positive effects on quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors;④The coherence factor has negative effects on quality of life in physical and psychological factor;⑤Emotional adjustment has positive effects on quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors;⑥Coping style and self-efficacy have positive effects on quality of life in psychological factor.
4. Through the estimation of mediating effects, emotional adjustment was proved to be a completely mediator between illness perceptions and quality of life; coping style and self-efficacy were proved to be a partly mediator between illness percptions and quality of life.
Conclusions
1. The control factor in illness perceptions and emotional adjustment are the positive factors to the physical dimension of quality of life, while the coherence factor is the negative factor; The timeline and coherence factors in illness perceptions are the negative factors to the psychological dimension of quality of life, while the control factor, emotional adjustment, coping style and self-efficacy are the positive factors; The timeline and consequences factors in illness perceptions are the negative factors to the social dimension of quality of life, while the control factor and emotional adjustment are the positive factor.
2. Increasing as the control factor in illness perceptions, the patients' emotional adjustment, coping style and self-efficacy are improved. Decreasing as the coherence and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions, the patients'emotional adjustment and coping style are improved. The various dimensions of quality of life are improved with the improvement of coping style.
3. The illness perceptions affected the patients'quality of life through emotional adjustment completely, coping style and self-efficacy partly.
Objective
To understand the affection of the spouses'illness perceptions, emotional adjustment on quality of life in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Methods
Cross-sectional survey research design was used in this study. Illness perceptions, emotional adjustment and marital satisfaction of the spouses was surveyed with the corresponding scales. A total of 134 spouses of the chronic hepatitis B patients participated in the study. Measurement scales included The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R), Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS), Olson mariral quality questionnaire(ENRICH).
Results
1. The timeline, consequences, control and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions between the patients and their spouses have no significant differences. The coherence factor in illness perceptions between them has significant differences. The spouses thought the patients'level of understanding their conditions was poorer than the patients'own recognition. The timeline, control and coherence factors in illness perceptions between the patients and the spouses have no significant correlation, while the consequences and emotional representations factors between them have significant positive correlation.
2. The spouses'control factor in illness perceptions was positively correlated with the patients'quality of life in physical and social factors. The spouses'coherence factor in illness perceptions was positively correlated with the patients'quality of life in symptom factor. The spouses'emotional representations factor in illness perceptions was negatively correlated with the patients'emotional adjustment, self-efficacy and quality of life in physical, psychological, social factors. The spouses'emotional adjustment was positively correlated with the patients'emotional adjustment and quality of life in psychological factor. The spouses'coherence factor in illness perceptions was negatively correlated with their own emotional adjustment. The spouses'marital satisfaction and control factor in illness perceptions were positively correlated with their own emotional adjustment.
3. The stepwise regression analysis on quality of life showed that:①The spouses'emotional adjustment has positively effects on the patients'quality of life in physical and psychological factors, and has an interaction with the patients'emotional adjustment;②The spouses' consequences factor in illness perceptions has negatively effects on the patients'quality of life in social factor, and has an interaction with the patients'consequence factor.③The spouses'control factor in illness perceptions has positively effects on the patients'quality of life in physical, psychological and social factors, and has an interaction with the patients'control factor.
Conclusions
1. The differences of illness perceptions between the patients and the spouses are not obvious. The spouses'control factor in illness perceptions is the positive factor to the patients'physical, psychological, social dimensions of quality of life, and the positive impact is through the patients'own control factor as a regulation. The spouses'consequences factor in illness perceptions is the negative factor to the patients'social dimension of quality of life, similarly, the impact is through the patients' own consequences factor as a regulation.
2. The spouses'emotional adjustment is the positive factor to the patients'physical and psychological dimensions of quality of life, and this impact is also through the patients'own emotional adjustment as a regulation.
Objective
Discussed the impact of illness perceptions intervention to the chronic hepatitis B patients and their spouses on quality of life and condition of the patients and its mechanism.
Methods
This study is a randomized controlled trial and the prospective study design including the psycho-intervention group and the drug treatment group as a control was used in the study. A systematic comparison about the differences before and after treatment was administered between the two groups in illness perceptions, emotional adjustment, coping style, self-efficacy, quality of life and liver function. Meanwhile, the predictive factors of improving the quality of life in patients were analyzed. According to the order of visits the patients were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. There were 65 patients in the intervention group and 69 patients in control group when started. However, there were 54 patients in the intervention group and 52 patients in control group completed the study at last. Both the patients and their spouses received the measurement of baseline indicators. Measurement scales included The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire(IPQ-R), Positive and Negative Affect Scale(PANAS), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES), Olson mariral quality questionnaire(ENRICH), and Quality of Life Scale for Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B(QLS-CHB). The indicators above mentioned were measured repeatedly after the 6 weeks,12 weeks' follow-up.
Results
1. All the factors of illness perceptions before and after the treatment show significant differences in both the intervention group and control group. The scores of control factor increased while the scores of the other factors decreased significantly. The differences before and after the treatment in all the factors of illness perceptions were significantly higher in the intervention group than that of control group.
2. The scores of emotional adjustment, coping style and self-efficacy after the treatment in both the intervention group and control group has significantly increased. The differences before and after the treatment were significantly higher in the intervention group than that of control group.
3. the repeated measures analysis of variance was executed to quality of life in all dimensions. The results are as follows:
①The analysis to the symton dimension of quality of life showed that the main effect of time factor and group factor were both significant. The interaction between the two factors were also significant. Simple effect analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different at time 1, while had no significantly difference at time 2 or time 3.
②The analysis to the physical dimension of quality of life showed that the main effect of time factor and group factor were both significant. The interaction between the two factors were also significant. Simple effect analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different at time 2 and time 3, while had no significantly difference at time 1.
③The analysis to the psychological dimension of quality of life showed that the main effect of time factor become lack of significance by the effects of interaction with the coherence factor in illness perceptions and whether receiving the antiretroviral treatment. Instead, the main effect of group factor was significant by the effect of the coherence factor in illness perceptions. The interaction between time and group factors were also significant. Simple effect analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different at time 1 and time 3, while had no significantly difference at time 2.
④The analysis to the social dimension of quality of life showed that the main effect of time factor and group factor were both significant. The interaction between the two factors were not significant.
4. The differences before and after the treatment in all dimensions of quality of life were significantly higher in the intervention group than that of control group. The degree of improvement of liver function before and after treatment between the two groups had no significant differences except AST. The ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL of liver function in the two groups has decreased after treatment and ALB increased.
5. The patients'timeline and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions and coping style were the significant predictors to the quality of life. The spouses'consequences, coherence and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions and emotional adjustment were the significant predictors to quality of life of the patients.
6. In the intervention group the differences of the timeline, consequences, coherence and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions were negatively correlated with the differences of the physical, psychological, social dimensions of quality of life and its total scores before and after treatment. The differences of control factor in illness perceptions, coping style, emotional adjustment and self-efficacy were positively correlated with the differences of the physical, psychological, social dimensions of quality of life and its total scores before and after treatment. The differences of coping style, emotional adjustment and self-effcacy were positively correlated with the difference of the symptom dimension of quality of life before and after treatment.
Conclusions
1. On the aspect of illness perceptions, the intervention has improved the patients'illness perceptions significantly. With the improvement of illness perceptions quality of life of the patients has improved sigificantly. The timeline and emotional representations factors in illness perceptions are the predictive factors to the improvement of quality of life.
2. On the aspect of emotional adjustment, the intervention has improved the emtion of the patients significantly and with the improvement of emotion quality of life of the patients increased.
3. On the aspect of self-efficacy, the intervention has increased self-efficacy of the patients significantly and with the improvement of self-efficacy quality of life of the patients increased.
4. On the aspect of coping style, the intervention has improved coping style of the patients significantly. The patients'quality of life is improved with the improvement of coping style. Coping style has a strong prediction to the improvement of quality of life.
5. On the aspect of quality of life, both of the two groups have improved quality of life of the patients. The intervention group has a more effect than control group, especially in the dimension of physical and psychology.
6. The intervention has an insignificant impact on the condition of disease perhaps because of the short period of intervention and follow-up.
7. The spouses'consequences, coherence, emotional representations factors in illness perceptions and emotional adjustment are the predictive factors to the improvement of the patients'quality of life.
引文
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