长源距声波全波测井数值计算方法的研究
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摘要
声波测井是根据声学物理理论发展起来的一种测井方法,测量的是井眼周围地层介质的声学特性。为了能够从声波测井的信号中准确地获得地层的信息,必须要深入地了解声波在井内和地层中传播的规律,以及井内和地层性质对声波传播的影响。
本文主要研究了声波在裸眼井中的传播。首先建立裸眼井的物理模型,推导出声波在裸眼井中传播的波动方程,并对其进行求解。然后利用VC++编写软件,模拟出声波测井的全波波形。再结合长源距声波测井声系特点,对得到的全波波形进行分析,研究纵波、横波、伪瑞利波和斯通利波等各成分波的性质,计算出声波时差、幅度衰减等参数及地层响应,并分析地层性质、声源函数、井径及源距等参数对声波全波波形的影响,在理论上更深入地研究声波全波波形与地层物性、岩性以及井径、源距等性质和参数之间的内在联系。
Acoustic logging is a logging method based on the development of acoustic physical theory. The measurement is the acoustic characteristics of the stratum media around the borehole. In order to acquiring the stratum information accurately from the acoustic logging signals, it is necessary to find out the laws of acoustic propagation in the well and the stratum penetratingly, as well as the influence of the well and stratum characteristics on the acoustic propagation.
This paper mainly researched the propagation of the acoustic wave in the bare well. Firstly, it established the physical model of the bare well, derived the wave equation of the acoustic wave propagation in the bare well, and solved the equation. Second, the VC++ software was used for programming, and simulating the full wave form of acoustic logging. Third, combined with the characteristics of the long spacing acoustic logging sonic system, the full wave forms were analyzed. The characteristics of the longitudinal wave, shear wave, pseudo-Rayleigh wave, Stoneley wave and other component waves were researched. The acoustic wave time difference, the amplitude attenuation and other parameters and the stratigraphic response were calculated. And the influences of the stratum characteristics, acoustic source function, well diameter, spacing and other parameters on the acoustic full wave forms were analyzed. In theory, it researched the connections penetratingly between the full wave forms and the physical characteristics, lithology as well as borehole diameter, spcing and other properties and parameters.
本文主要研究了声波在裸眼井中的传播。首先建立裸眼井的物理模型,推导出声波在裸眼井中传播的波动方程,并对其进行求解。然后利用VC++编写软件,模拟出声波测井的全波波形。再结合长源距声波测井声系特点,对得到的全波波形进行分析,研究纵波、横波、伪瑞利波和斯通利波等各成分波的性质,计算出声波时差、幅度衰减等参数及地层响应,并分析地层性质、声源函数、井径及源距等参数对声波全波波形的影响,在理论上更深入地研究声波全波波形与地层物性、岩性以及井径、源距等性质和参数之间的内在联系。
Acoustic logging is a logging method based on the development of acoustic physical theory. The measurement is the acoustic characteristics of the stratum media around the borehole. In order to acquiring the stratum information accurately from the acoustic logging signals, it is necessary to find out the laws of acoustic propagation in the well and the stratum penetratingly, as well as the influence of the well and stratum characteristics on the acoustic propagation.
This paper mainly researched the propagation of the acoustic wave in the bare well. Firstly, it established the physical model of the bare well, derived the wave equation of the acoustic wave propagation in the bare well, and solved the equation. Second, the VC++ software was used for programming, and simulating the full wave form of acoustic logging. Third, combined with the characteristics of the long spacing acoustic logging sonic system, the full wave forms were analyzed. The characteristics of the longitudinal wave, shear wave, pseudo-Rayleigh wave, Stoneley wave and other component waves were researched. The acoustic wave time difference, the amplitude attenuation and other parameters and the stratigraphic response were calculated. And the influences of the stratum characteristics, acoustic source function, well diameter, spacing and other parameters on the acoustic full wave forms were analyzed. In theory, it researched the connections penetratingly between the full wave forms and the physical characteristics, lithology as well as borehole diameter, spcing and other properties and parameters.
引文
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[3]楚泽涵.声波测井原理[M].北京：石油工业出版社.1987.
[4]Pickett.GR.. Acoustic Character Logs and Their Applications in Formation Evaluation[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology,1963,15(6):659-667.
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[33]Kelly.K.C., Ward.R.W, Treitel.S., Alforld.R.M.. Synthetic Seismograms:A Finite Difference Approach[J]. Geophysics,1976, (41):1436-1442.
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[35]云美厚,丁伟. 地震子波频率浅析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6)：578-581.
[36]何宝庆,王秋成,蔡锡伟. 地震波场数值模拟中的信号恢复问题[J].石油物探,2008,47(4)：357-360.
[37]余寿朋. 宽带Ricker子波[J]..石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(5)：605-615.
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[39]方莉,林中达. 关于DLL的VC++程序编程方法[J],上海电力学院学报,2007,17(4)：51-54.
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[60]测井学编写组.测井学[M].北京：石油工业出版社,1998.
[2]廖觉生.长源距声波测井的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,1984,(6)：18-27.
[3]楚泽涵.声波测井原理[M].北京：石油工业出版社.1987.
[4]Pickett.GR.. Acoustic Character Logs and Their Applications in Formation Evaluation[J]. Journal of Petroleum Technology,1963,15(6):659-667.
[5]林峰,徐华生.我国石油测井技术装备的现状及其发展[J].测井技术,1985,(1)：5-13.
[6]薛梅,楚泽涵.声波测井仪器发展评述[J].石油仪器,2000,14(5)：6-10.
[7]李长文,强毓明,李国利,余春昊.现代声波测井技术发展的若干特点[J].测井技术,2006,30(2)：101-104.
[8]吴海燕,沈建国,任月娥等,套管井阵列声波测井技术研究及应用[J].测井技术,2007,31(2)：128-134.
[9]乔贺堂,拉普捷夫,张维平.水泥胶结质量及水泥环厚度评价[J].国外测井技术,1997,12(3)：20-21.
[10]肖 炜,法林,杨焕成,年轩沁,赵雁翔.全波固井质量测井仪数据采集与控制系统的电路设计[J].测井技术,1994,18(5)：384-389
[11]Schmidt. MG:The Micro CBL(Cement Bond Log)-A Second Generation Radial Cement Evaluation Instrument.30th ANNU SPWLA LOGGING SYMP(DENVER,6/11-14/89) TRAMS V 1, PAP NO Z,1989(16 PP;13 REFS)
[12]White.J.E. The hula log A proposed acoustical tool. SPWLA 8th Annual Logging Symposium,1967.
[13]谢忠联.偶极子声波横波测井[J].国外测井技术,1989,4(5)：15-26.
[14]高军,章成广.偶极子横波成像测井[J].国外测井技术,1998,13(6)：8-13.
[15]须方,朱正亚.多极子声源的横波测井[J].地球物理测井,1990,14(5)：297-304.
[16]刘子华,张金钟,冯延春.偶极子横波测井方法的实验研究[J].测井技术,1996,20(3)：157-161.
[17]Biot.M.A., Propagation of Elastic Waves in a Cylindrical Bore Containing a Fluid[J], Appl.Phys.,1952, (23):997-1005.
[18]White.J.E., Zechman.R.E. Computed rResponses of an Acoustic Logging Tool[J], Geophysics,1968, (33):302-310.
[19]Peterson.E.W., Acoustic Wave Propagation along a Fluid-Filled Cylinder[J], Appl. Phys.,1974, (45):3340-3350.
[20]王克协,董庆德,王爱莲等.柱状双层准弹性介质中声辐射场的理论分析——声法 测井理论研究[J].吉林大学自然科学学报,1979,(2)：47-56.
[21]Cheng.S.T., The full acoustic wavetrain in a laboratory model of a borehole[J], Geophysics,1984, (47):1512-1520.
[22]Stephen.R.A., Cardo-Caws.F., Cheng.C. H., Finite-Difference Synthetic Acoustic Logs[J], Geophysics,1985, (50):1588-1609.
[23]Randall.C.J., Multiple Acoustic Waveforms in Nonaxisymetric Boreholes and Formations[J], Acoustics,1991,90(3):1620-1631.
[24]董和风,王克协,李荣华.声测井中的声压-速度有限差分方法[J].计算物理,1998,15(1)：77-82.
[25]姜浩,楚泽涵,薛梅.声波测井仪器发展及刻度井研究[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(4)：92-95.
[26]王秀明,李占咸.裸眼井中弹性波传播的数值研究[J].大庆石油学院学报,1991,15(2)：1-7.
[27]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理[M].西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[28]肖筱南.现代数值计算方法[M].北京：北京大学出版社,2003.
[29]何光渝.Visual C++常用数值算法集[M].北京：科学出版社,2002.
[30]法林,陈文辉,马哲,李卫东.产生声波测井中几种特殊声源信号的方法[J].石油仪器,2001,15(1)：10-12.
[31]法林,Castagna.J. P.,孙鹏等. 声波测井网络理论Ⅰ：声源信号的产生方法和数值模拟[J].测井技术,2002,26(6)：449-454.
[32]Tsang.L, Rader.D.. Numerical Evaluation of The Transient Sonic Waveform Due to a Point Source in a Fluid-filled Bore Hole[J]. Geophysics,1979, (44):1706-1720.
[33]Kelly.K.C., Ward.R.W, Treitel.S., Alforld.R.M.. Synthetic Seismograms:A Finite Difference Approach[J]. Geophysics,1976, (41):1436-1442.
[34]Renlie.L., Raaen. A.M.. Sonic Wave Propagation in Fluid-filled Borehole Surrounded by A Formation with Stress-relief Induced Anisotropy[J]. Geophysics,1993, (58):1257-1269.
[35]云美厚,丁伟. 地震子波频率浅析[J].石油物探,2005,44(6)：578-581.
[36]何宝庆,王秋成,蔡锡伟. 地震波场数值模拟中的信号恢复问题[J].石油物探,2008,47(4)：357-360.
[37]余寿朋. 宽带Ricker子波[J]..石油地球物理勘探,1996,31(5)：605-615.
[38]高守传,聂云铭,郑静.Visual C++6.0开发指南[M]. 北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[39]方莉,林中达. 关于DLL的VC++程序编程方法[J],上海电力学院学报,2007,17(4)：51-54.
[40]李占咸,王秀明,杨建绥,丛建生. 声波测井中几何声学的滑行波理论与波动力 学理论的一致性[J].大庆石油学院学报,1992,16(4)：1-7.
[41]章成广,王冠贵.弹性地层充流体井中的纵波和横波[J].江汉石油学院学报,1990,12(4)：21-26.
[42]张金钟.声波测井中首波的临界折射波至模型[J].测井技术,1994,18(2)：110-115.
[43]余寿绵. 声波测井中裸眼井弹性波的共振模式[J].地球物理学报,1984,27(1)：94-102.
[44]余寿绵. 声波测井中首波的物理机制[J].测井技术,1992,16(1)：1-5.
[45]王秀明,韩德旺. 声波测井中首波与次首波的理论研究[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(6)：733-739.
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