山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩体的地球化学特征
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摘要
山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩体出露于吕梁山中段西侧,大地构造位置处于华北克拉通中部带西部—吕梁造山带西麓与鄂尔多斯地块的过渡带,靠近大型断裂—离石断裂带。论文对该杂岩体进行了详细系统的岩石学、年代学、岩石地球化学研究,探讨了岩体岩浆作用时限、岩浆演化过程、岩浆起源及岩石成因等问题。
紫金山碱性杂岩体是一个经历侵入和喷发两个岩浆作用阶段、多期次、不同岩性组成的环带状中心式碱性杂岩体,野外地质特征表明各岩石单元侵入的先后顺序为二长岩、霓辉正长岩、含霞霓辉正长岩、霞石正长岩,粗面质角砾岩和响岩质角砾岩是喷发作用阶段的产物。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年数据证实,从二长岩到霞石正长岩侵入作用阶段岩浆作用时限为133.7~116.1Ma,322~282Ma之间紫金山地区深部具有岩浆热力作用,证明华北克拉通中西部破坏的深部热力作用始于晚古生代晚石炭世。
紫金山碱性杂岩体全碱含量高,均属于钾质的碱性-过碱性系列岩石,偏铝质、低/贫钙、较富铁(少数极富铁)、贫镁。主量元素Harker图解表明,岩石成分变化与结晶分异作用无关,主要与岩浆起源有关。构造环境判别显示岩体为拉张环境中派生的碱性杂岩体。
紫金山碱性杂岩体总体具有富集右倾的稀土元素配分模式,不具负Eu异常,表明不同侵入单元岩石以平衡结晶为主,结晶分异作用不占主导。各侵入岩石单元从早期到晚期,ΣREE和LREE/HREE逐渐降低,说明他们的源区物质组成不同。仅霞石正长岩显示以Nd为高点的弱上凸的稀土配分模式,可能与后期热液作用有关。
紫金山碱性杂岩体各侵入单元过渡族元素模式为典型的“W”型;Ba、Sr、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集和Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)亏损;微量元素(Sr、Zr、La、Yb、Nb、Th)与SiO2相关关系差;Th/Hf-Ta/Hf构造判别等表明岩体不是单一源区背景下结晶分异或部分熔融的产物,岩浆源区可能为大陆岩石圈地幔,或者至少有岩石圈地幔物质的参与。
二长岩具有最高的初始87Sr/86Sr比值(0.70495~0.70518),最低的εNd(t)值(-11.5~-9),在Sr-Nd关系图解上,Sr-Nd值落入于典型的EMⅠ(Ⅰ型富集地幔);霓辉正长岩与二长岩比较,含有较高的εNd(t)值(-7.4~-3.5)和较低的87Sr/86Sr(t)比值(0.70428~0.70448),Sr-Nd值介于EMⅠ和DM(亏损地幔)之间;含霞霓辉正长岩具有与霓辉正长岩相近的87Sr/86Sr(t)比值(0.70404~0.70475)和εNd(t)值(-7.8~-2.5),推测其与霓辉正长岩具有相似的岩浆起源;霞石正长岩最低的87Sr/86Sr(t)值(0.70412~0.70432)和最高的εNd(t)值(-5~0.2),显示DM组份参与更多。主、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学总体特征表明,二长岩的岩浆起源于下地壳与岩石圈地幔的混合,霓辉正长岩和含霞霓辉正长岩岩浆起源于亏损软流圈地幔和富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融的混合;霞石正长岩的岩浆亦起源亏损软流圈地幔和富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融的混合,相比较而言,软流圈地幔对霞石正长岩岩浆的生成贡献可能更大。
综合紫金山碱性杂岩体野外地质特征和岩体主、微量元素、同位素地球化学特征及岩浆起源特点,结合年代学和区域大地构造背景,笔者认为古太平洋板块向北西方向的俯冲挤压,导致了华北克拉通中西部拉张伸展,紫金山地区发生了碱性—过碱性的岩浆作用。岩浆作用经历了起初仅发生了岩石圈地幔与下地壳局部熔融混合,到软流圈地幔更大规模的上涌,与岩石圈地幔部分熔融产物混合,形成了典型的碱性岩—霞石正长岩的由弱到强的过程。随后所发生的强烈火山爆发作用,更加说明了这一点。晚侏罗到早白垩世形成的紫金山碱性杂岩体,揭示了紫金山地区深部岩浆作用过程,这一过程与华北克拉通中西部盆山构造格局转变相吻合,晚侏罗到早白垩世亦是华北克拉通中西部发生破坏的主要时期。
The Zijinshan alkaline complex outcrops on the western wing of in the middle part of the Lüliang Mountain, Shanxi Province. Its tectonic location is in the western central North China Craton—the transition zone of Lüliang orogenic belt and Ordos block, and near the Lishi faults zone. In this paper, the author has detailedly and systematically studied on the complex by the method of lithology, geochronology, petrochemistry, and discussed the scientific problems such as time, sources, magmatism evolution and mechanisms of genesis.
The Zijinshan alkaline complex is a ring-type alkaline complex, which has experienced muti-petrogenesis stages and epochs, and includes incursionand and eruptive facies. Field geological characteristics indicate that the sequence of irruptive rock units is monzonite, aegirine augite syenite, nepheline-bearing aegirine augite syenite and nepheline syenite. Trachytic breccia and phonolitic breccia are formed at the eruption stages. LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb dating datas confirm that, intrusive magnatism time horizon from monzonite to nepheline syenite was 133.7~116.1Ma, and the deep magmatic thermal effect between 322~282Ma happened in Zijinshan area. All above proves that the deep thermal effect of central and western North China Craton destruction began at Late Carboniferous, Late Paleozoic.
The Zijinshan alkaline complex has the chemical characteristics of alkali-rich, Al2O3 -medium, CaO-lean, Fe-rich and Mg-lean, which is belonged to the potassic alkaline-parlkaline series rock. Harker diagrams of major elements indicate that the changes of rock composition have nothing to do with the fractional crystallization, mainly with the origin of the magma. Tectonic discrimination shows that the complex derived from extension environment.
Rich in LREE and no significant negative Eu anomalies REE patterns demonstrate that magmatism is characterized by equilibrium crystallization and no dominant crystal fractionation.ΣREE and LREE/HREE gradual reduction from early to late explains that the sources of intrusive rock units are different. Only nepheline syenite has the weak convex REE patterns with Nd as the high point, and it may be related to late hydrothermal effects.
Transition elements patterns of the Zijinshan alkaline complex are typical“W”-types; lithophile elements (LILE) such as Ba, Sr, K are riched and high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Ta ,Ti are defective; trace elements (Sr, Zr, La, Yb, Nb, Th) have poor correlation with SiO2; and Th/Hf-Ta/Hf structural discrimination suggests that the complex is not the fractional crystallization or the partial melting product from a single source. Its source regions may be continental lithosphere mantle, or at least involved lithosphere mantle substances.
Monzonite is of the highest initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70495 ~ 0.70518), and the lowestεNd (t) values (-11.5 ~ -9), and its Sr-Nd values fall in the typical EMⅠ(Ⅰtype enriched mantle) in the Sr-Nd relationship diagrams; compared with monzonite, aegirine augite syenite exhibits a higherεNd (t) values (-7.4 ~ -3.5) and lower 87Sr/86Sr (t) ratios (0.70428 ~ 0.70448), and Sr-Nd values are between EMⅠand DM (depleted mantle); according to similar 87Sr/86Sr(t) ratios (0.70404 ~ 0.70475) andεNd (t) values (-7.8 ~ -2.5) with aegirine augite syenite, we presumed that nepheline-bearing aegirine augite syenite possessed the resemble magma origin with aegirine augite syenite; with the lowest 87Sr/86Sr (t) ratios (0.70412 ~ 0.70432) and the highestεNd (t) values (-5 ~ 0.2), nepheline syenite shows more DM sources. Major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes geochemistry general characteristics concluded that monzonite magma originated from the lower crust and lithosphere mantle mixing; aegirine augite syenite and nepheline-bearing aegirine augite syenite were from depleted aesthenosphere mantle and partial melt of enriched lithosphere mantle; nepheline syenite also was from depleted aesthenosphere mantle and partial melt of enriched lithosphere mantle, but by comparison, aesthenosphere mantle contributed more in nepheline syenite magma generation.
Integrated field geological features, rock major and trace elements, isotopes geochemistry and the magma origin, combined chronology with regional tectonic settings, this paper considered that the northwest subduction and extrusion of ancient Pacific plate, stretching was resulted in central and western North China Craton, and induced alkaline-parlkaline magmatism to occur in Zijinshan area. Magmatism experienced a process from weak to strong. From firstly lithosphere mantle and lower crust partially melted to aesthenosphere mantle larger scale upwelled and mixed with lithosphere mantle, forming a typical alkaline rock—nepheline. The following strong volcanic eruptions even illustrated this point. Zijinshan alkaline complex which generated in late Jurassic to early Cretaceous revealed that the deep magmatism process was consistent with the central and western North China Craton tectonic shift pattern. Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous was also the main stage of North China Craton destructon.
紫金山碱性杂岩体是一个经历侵入和喷发两个岩浆作用阶段、多期次、不同岩性组成的环带状中心式碱性杂岩体,野外地质特征表明各岩石单元侵入的先后顺序为二长岩、霓辉正长岩、含霞霓辉正长岩、霞石正长岩,粗面质角砾岩和响岩质角砾岩是喷发作用阶段的产物。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年数据证实,从二长岩到霞石正长岩侵入作用阶段岩浆作用时限为133.7~116.1Ma,322~282Ma之间紫金山地区深部具有岩浆热力作用,证明华北克拉通中西部破坏的深部热力作用始于晚古生代晚石炭世。
紫金山碱性杂岩体全碱含量高,均属于钾质的碱性-过碱性系列岩石,偏铝质、低/贫钙、较富铁(少数极富铁)、贫镁。主量元素Harker图解表明,岩石成分变化与结晶分异作用无关,主要与岩浆起源有关。构造环境判别显示岩体为拉张环境中派生的碱性杂岩体。
紫金山碱性杂岩体总体具有富集右倾的稀土元素配分模式,不具负Eu异常,表明不同侵入单元岩石以平衡结晶为主,结晶分异作用不占主导。各侵入岩石单元从早期到晚期,ΣREE和LREE/HREE逐渐降低,说明他们的源区物质组成不同。仅霞石正长岩显示以Nd为高点的弱上凸的稀土配分模式,可能与后期热液作用有关。
紫金山碱性杂岩体各侵入单元过渡族元素模式为典型的“W”型;Ba、Sr、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集和Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)亏损;微量元素(Sr、Zr、La、Yb、Nb、Th)与SiO2相关关系差;Th/Hf-Ta/Hf构造判别等表明岩体不是单一源区背景下结晶分异或部分熔融的产物,岩浆源区可能为大陆岩石圈地幔,或者至少有岩石圈地幔物质的参与。
二长岩具有最高的初始87Sr/86Sr比值(0.70495~0.70518),最低的εNd(t)值(-11.5~-9),在Sr-Nd关系图解上,Sr-Nd值落入于典型的EMⅠ(Ⅰ型富集地幔);霓辉正长岩与二长岩比较,含有较高的εNd(t)值(-7.4~-3.5)和较低的87Sr/86Sr(t)比值(0.70428~0.70448),Sr-Nd值介于EMⅠ和DM(亏损地幔)之间;含霞霓辉正长岩具有与霓辉正长岩相近的87Sr/86Sr(t)比值(0.70404~0.70475)和εNd(t)值(-7.8~-2.5),推测其与霓辉正长岩具有相似的岩浆起源;霞石正长岩最低的87Sr/86Sr(t)值(0.70412~0.70432)和最高的εNd(t)值(-5~0.2),显示DM组份参与更多。主、微量元素及Sr-Nd-Pb同位素地球化学总体特征表明,二长岩的岩浆起源于下地壳与岩石圈地幔的混合,霓辉正长岩和含霞霓辉正长岩岩浆起源于亏损软流圈地幔和富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融的混合;霞石正长岩的岩浆亦起源亏损软流圈地幔和富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融的混合,相比较而言,软流圈地幔对霞石正长岩岩浆的生成贡献可能更大。
综合紫金山碱性杂岩体野外地质特征和岩体主、微量元素、同位素地球化学特征及岩浆起源特点,结合年代学和区域大地构造背景,笔者认为古太平洋板块向北西方向的俯冲挤压,导致了华北克拉通中西部拉张伸展,紫金山地区发生了碱性—过碱性的岩浆作用。岩浆作用经历了起初仅发生了岩石圈地幔与下地壳局部熔融混合,到软流圈地幔更大规模的上涌,与岩石圈地幔部分熔融产物混合,形成了典型的碱性岩—霞石正长岩的由弱到强的过程。随后所发生的强烈火山爆发作用,更加说明了这一点。晚侏罗到早白垩世形成的紫金山碱性杂岩体,揭示了紫金山地区深部岩浆作用过程,这一过程与华北克拉通中西部盆山构造格局转变相吻合,晚侏罗到早白垩世亦是华北克拉通中西部发生破坏的主要时期。
The Zijinshan alkaline complex outcrops on the western wing of in the middle part of the Lüliang Mountain, Shanxi Province. Its tectonic location is in the western central North China Craton—the transition zone of Lüliang orogenic belt and Ordos block, and near the Lishi faults zone. In this paper, the author has detailedly and systematically studied on the complex by the method of lithology, geochronology, petrochemistry, and discussed the scientific problems such as time, sources, magmatism evolution and mechanisms of genesis.
The Zijinshan alkaline complex is a ring-type alkaline complex, which has experienced muti-petrogenesis stages and epochs, and includes incursionand and eruptive facies. Field geological characteristics indicate that the sequence of irruptive rock units is monzonite, aegirine augite syenite, nepheline-bearing aegirine augite syenite and nepheline syenite. Trachytic breccia and phonolitic breccia are formed at the eruption stages. LA-ICP-MS Zircon U-Pb dating datas confirm that, intrusive magnatism time horizon from monzonite to nepheline syenite was 133.7~116.1Ma, and the deep magmatic thermal effect between 322~282Ma happened in Zijinshan area. All above proves that the deep thermal effect of central and western North China Craton destruction began at Late Carboniferous, Late Paleozoic.
The Zijinshan alkaline complex has the chemical characteristics of alkali-rich, Al2O3 -medium, CaO-lean, Fe-rich and Mg-lean, which is belonged to the potassic alkaline-parlkaline series rock. Harker diagrams of major elements indicate that the changes of rock composition have nothing to do with the fractional crystallization, mainly with the origin of the magma. Tectonic discrimination shows that the complex derived from extension environment.
Rich in LREE and no significant negative Eu anomalies REE patterns demonstrate that magmatism is characterized by equilibrium crystallization and no dominant crystal fractionation.ΣREE and LREE/HREE gradual reduction from early to late explains that the sources of intrusive rock units are different. Only nepheline syenite has the weak convex REE patterns with Nd as the high point, and it may be related to late hydrothermal effects.
Transition elements patterns of the Zijinshan alkaline complex are typical“W”-types; lithophile elements (LILE) such as Ba, Sr, K are riched and high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Ta ,Ti are defective; trace elements (Sr, Zr, La, Yb, Nb, Th) have poor correlation with SiO2; and Th/Hf-Ta/Hf structural discrimination suggests that the complex is not the fractional crystallization or the partial melting product from a single source. Its source regions may be continental lithosphere mantle, or at least involved lithosphere mantle substances.
Monzonite is of the highest initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70495 ~ 0.70518), and the lowestεNd (t) values (-11.5 ~ -9), and its Sr-Nd values fall in the typical EMⅠ(Ⅰtype enriched mantle) in the Sr-Nd relationship diagrams; compared with monzonite, aegirine augite syenite exhibits a higherεNd (t) values (-7.4 ~ -3.5) and lower 87Sr/86Sr (t) ratios (0.70428 ~ 0.70448), and Sr-Nd values are between EMⅠand DM (depleted mantle); according to similar 87Sr/86Sr(t) ratios (0.70404 ~ 0.70475) andεNd (t) values (-7.8 ~ -2.5) with aegirine augite syenite, we presumed that nepheline-bearing aegirine augite syenite possessed the resemble magma origin with aegirine augite syenite; with the lowest 87Sr/86Sr (t) ratios (0.70412 ~ 0.70432) and the highestεNd (t) values (-5 ~ 0.2), nepheline syenite shows more DM sources. Major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes geochemistry general characteristics concluded that monzonite magma originated from the lower crust and lithosphere mantle mixing; aegirine augite syenite and nepheline-bearing aegirine augite syenite were from depleted aesthenosphere mantle and partial melt of enriched lithosphere mantle; nepheline syenite also was from depleted aesthenosphere mantle and partial melt of enriched lithosphere mantle, but by comparison, aesthenosphere mantle contributed more in nepheline syenite magma generation.
Integrated field geological features, rock major and trace elements, isotopes geochemistry and the magma origin, combined chronology with regional tectonic settings, this paper considered that the northwest subduction and extrusion of ancient Pacific plate, stretching was resulted in central and western North China Craton, and induced alkaline-parlkaline magmatism to occur in Zijinshan area. Magmatism experienced a process from weak to strong. From firstly lithosphere mantle and lower crust partially melted to aesthenosphere mantle larger scale upwelled and mixed with lithosphere mantle, forming a typical alkaline rock—nepheline. The following strong volcanic eruptions even illustrated this point. Zijinshan alkaline complex which generated in late Jurassic to early Cretaceous revealed that the deep magmatism process was consistent with the central and western North China Craton tectonic shift pattern. Late Jurassic to early Cretaceous was also the main stage of North China Craton destructon.
引文
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