集装箱起重机吊装重型车辆用吊具研究
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摘要
随着科技的不断进步和集装箱运输的蓬勃发展,带动了集装箱专用码头建设和集装箱装卸专用机械技术的进步和发展。集装箱码头的装卸能力和装卸效率,在很大程度上取决于码头前沿岸边集装箱起重机的生产能力和生产效率。
为了提高整个集装箱专用作业线的生产率,各种集装箱机械已经趋于标准化、系列化,现正在进行进一步研制操作简便、经久耐用、节约能源、安全可靠的集装箱装卸专用机械,研究集装箱专用码头的装卸机械化系统和单机的半自动化、自动化控制。
为实现港岸重型车辆的装卸,在对目前各港口码头集装箱装卸机械研究的基础上,研究设计了一种通用化集装箱起重机吊装重型车辆用吊具,该吊具为框架式可拆卸结构,主要由上横梁和下托盘组成,中间采用高强度DSM缆绳实现柔性连接,其横梁顶端采用标准化设计,可实现与港岸集装箱起重机的自由连接,吊装过程中采用吊上吊下的作业方式,可快速实现重型车辆的装卸.。
吊具各个组成部分采用模块化设计,装卸组装简单,调试方便,维护保养简单易行。为确保吊具组成部分的强度和刚度要求,本文利用ANSYS软件对吊具承载部分进行了有限元分析,结果表明其强度、刚度满足要求,方案切实可行。
As the advancement of technology and development of container transportation, it motivates the dock construction of special container and makes the rapid development of special mechanical technique about container. The ability and efficiency loading and unloading of container dock much more depend on the capacity and efficiencyof quay container crane in front of dockside.
In order to improve the productivityof the whole container operating line ,following with standardization, serialization in all container mechanism, we are developing an exclusive container mechanism which owns many merits such as simple operating, permanent using, energy conservation and safe reliability, at the same time the loading mechanical system of special container dock,the semi-automation or automatic control system of this machine is on studying.
In order to complete the loading and unloading of heavy vehicles, based on studying of container loading mechanism in present harbor dock, a general lifting device of heavy vehicles for container crane is developed, which has a framed detachable structure. It is mainly composed of up beam and bottom pallet, the middle body adopted high strength DSM cable to complete flexible junction. The standard design in the top of beam can finish the free connect with port container crane. During the lifting process, an up and down working pattern is adopted, which can accomplish the loading and unloading of heavy vehicles.
The lifting device adopt modular design, which makes assemble simple, debugging convenient and the maintaining feasible. In order to satisfy the requirment of strength for lifting device, ANSYS software utilized in paper analyzes loading parts of the lifting device and the last finite element analysis result shows: the strength and rigidity satisfy the requirment of design and this design proposal is feasible.
为了提高整个集装箱专用作业线的生产率,各种集装箱机械已经趋于标准化、系列化,现正在进行进一步研制操作简便、经久耐用、节约能源、安全可靠的集装箱装卸专用机械,研究集装箱专用码头的装卸机械化系统和单机的半自动化、自动化控制。
为实现港岸重型车辆的装卸,在对目前各港口码头集装箱装卸机械研究的基础上,研究设计了一种通用化集装箱起重机吊装重型车辆用吊具,该吊具为框架式可拆卸结构,主要由上横梁和下托盘组成,中间采用高强度DSM缆绳实现柔性连接,其横梁顶端采用标准化设计,可实现与港岸集装箱起重机的自由连接,吊装过程中采用吊上吊下的作业方式,可快速实现重型车辆的装卸.。
吊具各个组成部分采用模块化设计,装卸组装简单,调试方便,维护保养简单易行。为确保吊具组成部分的强度和刚度要求,本文利用ANSYS软件对吊具承载部分进行了有限元分析,结果表明其强度、刚度满足要求,方案切实可行。
As the advancement of technology and development of container transportation, it motivates the dock construction of special container and makes the rapid development of special mechanical technique about container. The ability and efficiency loading and unloading of container dock much more depend on the capacity and efficiencyof quay container crane in front of dockside.
In order to improve the productivityof the whole container operating line ,following with standardization, serialization in all container mechanism, we are developing an exclusive container mechanism which owns many merits such as simple operating, permanent using, energy conservation and safe reliability, at the same time the loading mechanical system of special container dock,the semi-automation or automatic control system of this machine is on studying.
In order to complete the loading and unloading of heavy vehicles, based on studying of container loading mechanism in present harbor dock, a general lifting device of heavy vehicles for container crane is developed, which has a framed detachable structure. It is mainly composed of up beam and bottom pallet, the middle body adopted high strength DSM cable to complete flexible junction. The standard design in the top of beam can finish the free connect with port container crane. During the lifting process, an up and down working pattern is adopted, which can accomplish the loading and unloading of heavy vehicles.
The lifting device adopt modular design, which makes assemble simple, debugging convenient and the maintaining feasible. In order to satisfy the requirment of strength for lifting device, ANSYS software utilized in paper analyzes loading parts of the lifting device and the last finite element analysis result shows: the strength and rigidity satisfy the requirment of design and this design proposal is feasible.
引文
[1]倪栋,段进,徐久成.ANSYS7.0实例精解.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[2]张亚飞,谷志飞,宋勇.ANSYS7.0有限元实用教程.清华大学出版社,2004
[3]虚拟样机技术.系统仿真学报.2001,13(1)114-117
[4]梁艳霞,聂如春.基于虚拟现实技术的计算机辅助概念设计.机械工程师
[5] Fan Dai. Virtual Prototyping– Principles, Problems, And Solutions. Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, 1998. Proceedings IEEE 1998, 1998:289-289
[6]谭雪松. Pro/Engineer 2001中文版典型实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002
[7]钟建林.Pro/Engineer典型机械设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[8]孙江宏,段大高.Pro/Engineer 2001基础设计教程.清华大学出版社,2001
[9]王帽成,邵敏.有限元法基本原理和数值方法.清华大学出版社,1997
[10]林爱琴,黄恺.Pro/E环境下的弧齿锥齿轮三维参数化造型.辽宁工学院学报,2004(05):32-34
[11]徐慧鹃,王萍,王旭等.基于Pro/E野火版渐开线直齿圆锥齿轮造型设计.煤矿机械,2006(5):82-84
[12]李雷,黄凯.基于Pro/E的螺旋齿轮参数化设计.机床与液压,2004(11):157-158
[13]老虎工作室.举一反三---Pro/ENGINEER中文版机械设计实战训练,2004
[14]林清安.Pro/Engineer200i零件设计高级篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[15]郝伟,张洪,郝永福.有限元法在接触问题中的应用.机械管理开发,2005(02):50-51
[16]于亚婷,杜平安,王振伟.有限元法的应用现状研究.机械设计,2005(03):8-11
[17]刘桂琴,江进国,段成龙等.有限元法及其在现代机械工程中的应用.机械研究与应用,2005(02):17-18
[18]王乐.集装箱装卸方式和装卸机械的发展方向.上海港科技,2000
[19]彭传圣.集装箱码头前沿装卸作业的高效化.集装箱化,2001
[20]杨志伟.我国港口装卸机呈现五化趋势.中国远洋,2002
[21]贾斯亭.岸边集装箱起重机的选型.海运情报,2001
[22]张杰.上海港集装箱码头装卸桥配置研究.水运管理,2002
[23] Kap Hwan Kim, Ki Young Kim. An Optimal Routing Algorithm For a Transfer Crane in port Container Terminals. Transportation Science,No.1 February, 1999
[24]罗定安.工程结构数值分析方法与程序设计,天津大学出版社,1995
[25]罗邦富.钢结构设计手册.中国建设工业出版社,1990
[26]张申生.虚拟制造与现代仿真技术.系统仿真学报,1995.7(3)18～22
[27]刘叶.计算机仿真技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[28]张晓静,周贤宾,孔永明.板料成型数值模拟研究.锻压技术,2001.1
[29]胡树威.集装箱码头场地起重机的需求和现状.集装箱化,2001
[30]左凌红.港口装卸机械的现状及发展方向.大重科技,1998
[31]常红,孟初阳.物流机械.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.2
[32]黄大巍,李风,毛文杰.现代起重运输机械.北京:化学工业出版社,2006.3
[33]《起重机设计规范》(GB/T3811-2008)
[2]张亚飞,谷志飞,宋勇.ANSYS7.0有限元实用教程.清华大学出版社,2004
[3]虚拟样机技术.系统仿真学报.2001,13(1)114-117
[4]梁艳霞,聂如春.基于虚拟现实技术的计算机辅助概念设计.机械工程师
[5] Fan Dai. Virtual Prototyping– Principles, Problems, And Solutions. Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, 1998. Proceedings IEEE 1998, 1998:289-289
[6]谭雪松. Pro/Engineer 2001中文版典型实例.北京:人民邮电出版社,2002
[7]钟建林.Pro/Engineer典型机械设计.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[8]孙江宏,段大高.Pro/Engineer 2001基础设计教程.清华大学出版社,2001
[9]王帽成,邵敏.有限元法基本原理和数值方法.清华大学出版社,1997
[10]林爱琴,黄恺.Pro/E环境下的弧齿锥齿轮三维参数化造型.辽宁工学院学报,2004(05):32-34
[11]徐慧鹃,王萍,王旭等.基于Pro/E野火版渐开线直齿圆锥齿轮造型设计.煤矿机械,2006(5):82-84
[12]李雷,黄凯.基于Pro/E的螺旋齿轮参数化设计.机床与液压,2004(11):157-158
[13]老虎工作室.举一反三---Pro/ENGINEER中文版机械设计实战训练,2004
[14]林清安.Pro/Engineer200i零件设计高级篇.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[15]郝伟,张洪,郝永福.有限元法在接触问题中的应用.机械管理开发,2005(02):50-51
[16]于亚婷,杜平安,王振伟.有限元法的应用现状研究.机械设计,2005(03):8-11
[17]刘桂琴,江进国,段成龙等.有限元法及其在现代机械工程中的应用.机械研究与应用,2005(02):17-18
[18]王乐.集装箱装卸方式和装卸机械的发展方向.上海港科技,2000
[19]彭传圣.集装箱码头前沿装卸作业的高效化.集装箱化,2001
[20]杨志伟.我国港口装卸机呈现五化趋势.中国远洋,2002
[21]贾斯亭.岸边集装箱起重机的选型.海运情报,2001
[22]张杰.上海港集装箱码头装卸桥配置研究.水运管理,2002
[23] Kap Hwan Kim, Ki Young Kim. An Optimal Routing Algorithm For a Transfer Crane in port Container Terminals. Transportation Science,No.1 February, 1999
[24]罗定安.工程结构数值分析方法与程序设计,天津大学出版社,1995
[25]罗邦富.钢结构设计手册.中国建设工业出版社,1990
[26]张申生.虚拟制造与现代仿真技术.系统仿真学报,1995.7(3)18～22
[27]刘叶.计算机仿真技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[28]张晓静,周贤宾,孔永明.板料成型数值模拟研究.锻压技术,2001.1
[29]胡树威.集装箱码头场地起重机的需求和现状.集装箱化,2001
[30]左凌红.港口装卸机械的现状及发展方向.大重科技,1998
[31]常红,孟初阳.物流机械.北京:人民交通出版社,2003.2
[32]黄大巍,李风,毛文杰.现代起重运输机械.北京:化学工业出版社,2006.3
[33]《起重机设计规范》(GB/T3811-2008)