武警新兵心理健康调查及其综合心理干预实验研究
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摘要
军人的心理素质是部队战斗力的基本要素之一,治军先治心是每一位军事家的共识,同时心理对人体健康和疾病的影响己引起人们的高度重视。随着社会的发展,改革的深入,生活节奏的加快,社会竞争的加剧,当今的兵员成分已发生了较大的变化,新兵的心理特点也必然带着时代的烙印。武警新兵面对生活环境、节奏习惯的改变,面对剧烈的军事训练,政治教育,严格的上下级关系,新老兵观念。这些都会对新兵的心理造成剧烈的冲击。因此,准确把握新兵的心理特点、心理变化规律,给予他们及时必要的心理支持干预,对于新兵的训练、教育、管理具有事半功倍的作用。既往关于新兵心理健康的调查多为集中在上世纪90年代的横断面研究,而基础训练前后的动态调查尚不多见,对于新兵的心理干预大都是针对独生子女或某一特殊群体,关于新兵基础训练前后心理变化特点以及对其综合心理干预实验的报道尚不多见。
     本研究对武警某部2005年12月入伍,参加基础训练的新兵进行了心理健康的调查及其综合心理干预研究,了解新时代武警新兵的心理健康特点,基础训练前后新兵的心理健康状况变化,探讨综合心理干预实验对武警新兵心理健康的影响。为新兵的训练、教育、管理提供心理学依据。
     材料和方法
     (1)采用随机整群抽样的方法,选择402名武警某部入伍1周的新兵进行一般信息调查和SCL-90量表调查,建立心理健康档案。(2)随机选取该部的两个新训中队,一个作为对照组(57人),另一个作为干预组(58人),对照组进行常规训练教育和管理,实验中队开展综合心理干预。新训结束前一周应用SCL-90对两组新兵重复测量。
     结果
     (1)SCL-90测试结果:武警新兵SCL-90总分为123士25.96。SCL-90总分大于160分者38人,心理障碍发生率9.45%。武警新兵SCL-90各因子分和总分低于中国新兵常模和全国青年常模(P<0.05)。
     (2)女性武警新兵在人际关系(t=2.459,P=0.014)、焦虑(t=2.213,P=0.027)、恐怖因子(t=2.317,P=0.024)、抑郁因子(t=3.066,P=0.003)方面的得分高于男性。城市入伍新兵躯体化(t=2.906,P=0.004)和其他因子分(t=2.485,P=0.013)较农村兵高,其余各因子分差异无统计学意义。不同文化程度武警新兵各因子得分差异无统计学意义。独生子女组除躯体化因子分高于非独生子女组(t=3.405 P=0.001)外,其余各指标差异无统计学意义。
     (3)重复数据的方差分析结果表明:干预组和对照组在躯体化(F=19.32,P=0.001)、强迫症状(F=12.062,P=0.001)、人际关系(F=12.668;P=0.001)、抑郁(F=77.57;P<0.001)、焦虑(F=14.788;P<0.001)、敌对(F=5.793;P=0.018)、偏执(F=10.629;P=0.001)和精神病性(F=5.23;P=0.025)8个领域的因子得分差异有统计学意义。在强迫症状(F=28.821;P<0.001)、人际关系(F=9.285;P=0.003)、敌对(F=7.259;P=0.008)、恐怖(F=14.788;P<0.001)、偏执(F=7.472;P=0.007)、精神病性(F=10.84;P=0.001)和其他因子(F=11.96;P=0.001)共7个领域,不同时间因子得分差异有统计学意义。
     结论
     1.武警新兵的心理健康状况优于中国新兵和普通中国青年,心理障碍发生发生率相对较低。性别、入伍前居住地、是否是独生子女等因素对新兵的心理健康均有影响。
     2.新兵新训期间,新兵的心理处于不稳定时期,传统的训练、教育、管理方式对新兵的心理健康具有负面影响。
     3.综合性心理干预对武警新兵的心理健康具有明显的促进作用。
The psychological quality of CAPF (Chinese People's Armed Police Force) is one of the basic factors of combat effectiveness. And the influence of psychology on health has drawn attention. Nowadays there have been great changes in the components of CAPF recruits with the development of society and the furthering of reform. Therefore the psychological characteristics of them reflect the change of times. During the training from a common human being to a real CAPF member, they have to adapt to the changes in surroundings, and habits, at the same time they are faced with severe military training. All these may have a great effect on their psychology. So it is very important to try to understand psychological characteristics and the psychological transform of CAPF recruits, and provide necessary psychological support. Researches in psychological health condition of CAPF recruits mainly concentrate on the synchronic study in the 1990s, whereas there has been little research in diachronic study before and after the basic training, still less in comprehensive interference in the psychology of CAPF recruits.
     This study is based on the research in the psychological health condition of some CAPF recruits who have received the basic CAPF training in December, 2005 and the experiments on comprehensive interference in their psychology. The aim of this study is to learn the psychological health status of CAPF recruits and it's change before and after intervention. At the same time, the influencing factors was also explored so as to provide some scientific basis for the training, education and administration of CAPF recruits.
     Materials and methods
     (1) Random cluster sampling methods were used to choose 402 CAPF recruits. SCL-90 was measured to learn the psychological health status for all the recruits and at the same time psychological health documents were established.
     (2) Two groups of the CAPF recruits were chosen. 57 members in the contrast group received normal training and administration, while 58 in the experiment group were exposed to comprehensive interference.
     (3) One week before the end of the training SCL-90 of the CAPF recruits were measured again.
     Results
     (1) The total score of the CAPF recruits was 123±25.96. There were 38 objects whose total mark of SCL-90 was higher than 160. The incidence rate of psychological barrier was 9.45%. The componential marks and the total mark of the CAPF recruits were obviously lower than the standard mark of CAPF recruits and Chinese youth (P<0.05).
     (2) Female CAPF recruits got higher marks in 8 fields such as person-relationship (t=2.459, P=0.014), anxiety (t=2.213, P=0.027) and fear (t=2.317, P=0.024), depress (t=3.066, P=0.003) than male CAPF recruits. The marks in physical condition (t=2.906,P=0.004) and other aspects (t=2.485, P=0.013) of CAPF recruits from city were significantly higher than those from country. There was no significant difference in the other aspects. There was no significant difference in any fields among the CAPF recruits with different diploma degree (junior middle school or less, high school and college or higher). There was no significant difference in other aspects among the CAPF recruits coming from one-child family and two or more children family except in physical condition (t=3.405 P=0.001).
     (3) Repeated measurement data analysis of variance suggested that there were significant difference in physical condition (F=19.32, P=0.001), personal relationship (F=12.668; P=0.001), depression(F=77.57; P<0.001), anxiety(F=14.788; P<0.001), hostile (F=5.793; P=0.018) in two groups. The result also indicated the scores in 7 fields such as compelling syptom (F=28.821; P<0.001), personal relationship (F=9.285; P=0.003), hostile(F=7.259; P=0.008 ) was different before and after intervention.
     Conclusion
     1. The psychological health condition of CAPF recruits is better than that of ordinary Chinese youth, and the psychological defect rate is comparatively lower, which should be paid attention to. Sexual distinction, residential area and whether to be the only child of the family all affect the psychology of the CAPF recruits
     2. During the training, the psychology of the CAPF recruits is unstable and the traditional training, education, administration have negative effects on their psychology.
     3. Comprehensive psychological interference can improve the psychological health condition.
引文
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