含瓦斯煤层多参数实时监测及其应用研究
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摘要
瓦斯灾害是影响煤矿安全生产的重大灾害，严重威胁着井下工作人员的生命安全及煤炭行业可持续发展。对于含瓦斯煤层，在开采过程中煤层瓦斯流场与应力场的动态耦合贯穿于瓦斯灾害演化的全过程。对含瓦斯煤层瓦斯压力、应力及温度等相关参数的实时监测有助于深入研究煤层瓦斯流场与应力场的动态耦合关系，为瓦斯灾害的防治工作提供技术支持。本文分析了煤层应力场对煤层瓦斯渗流和封存特征的影响机理；开发了含瓦斯煤层多参数实时监测系统；提出了含瓦斯煤层采动过程及瓦斯治理效果多参数实时监测方法，并进行了应用。
（1）分别从含瓦斯煤体弹性自调节综合效应、瓦斯低速渗流启动压力梯度和宏观应力场对孔隙裂隙闭合程度的控制三个方面分析了煤层应力场对煤层瓦斯渗流和封存特征的影响机理。阐述了煤层瓦斯流场的热力学效应，并分别从瓦斯渗流热传递和应力变化导致的热能转化两个角度分析了煤体温度变化机理。
（2）基于煤岩力电耦合机理，提出了电磁辐射技术确定本煤层封孔位置的方法，即通过测定本煤层监测钻孔不同深处的电磁辐射值来确定钻孔的应力集中带，进而确定合理的封孔位置。
（3）提出了采用高压胶囊配合封孔胶囊或注浆等封孔工艺密封钻孔，并利用高压胶囊监测应力的技术思路，开发了含瓦斯煤层多参数实时监测系统，该监测系统主要包括钻孔密封装置、应力监测装置、数据采集与传输装置和软件系统等四个部分，可实现对含瓦斯煤层中瓦斯压力、应力和温度等相关参数的实时监测，同时可与KJ系统联网运行，实现对监测数据的实时传输、存储与处理。
（4）提出了采动过程含瓦斯煤层多参数实时监测方法，并建立了监测钻孔位置、监测钻孔孔间距的确定公式，实现了对采动过程中含瓦斯煤层多参数的实时监测，监测结果可用于分析各参数的耦合、演化规律及辨识灾害演化信息；采用该方法在梁北煤矿进行了应用，并结合监测结果，分析了采动过程、卸压或抽放措施前后煤层参数的流变-突变特征。
（5）提出了瓦斯治理效果实时监测方法，考察了瓦斯治理措施实施过程煤层多参数的变化规律；并针对不同瓦斯治理措施，提出了对瓦斯治理效果进行实时监测的测点布置和仪器安装方法。
Gas disaster threatens miners' life safety and sustainable development of the country. The real-time monitor of multi-parameters, such as gas, stress and temperature et al, is of great interest for prevention and control of gas disaster. The model of gas seepage by layer is established in this paper and the impact mechanism of coal seam stress filed on coal seam gas seepage and its preservation characteristic is analyzed on the perspective of starting pressure gradient of gas seepage in low speed. The technology of real-time monitor multi-parameters of gas-bearing coal is put forward, and the system of real-time monitor containing multi-parameters of gas-bearing coal is established. The method of real-time monitor multi-parameters of gas-bearing coal in evolution of coal and rock dynamic disaster is proposed, meanwhile, the parametric testing of coal seam gas and real-time monitor method about effect of gas control are proposed and used.
The model of gas seepage by layer is established in this paper and the impact mechanism of coal seam stress filed on coal seam gas seepage and its preservation characteristic is analyzed on the perspective of starting pressure gradient of gas seepage in low speed. The thermodynamic effect of coal seam gas flow field is elaborated. And the change mechanism of temperature field of coal seam gas is analyzed respectively with thermal gradient of gas seepage and thermal energy transformation caused by changes of stress.
A new method of sealing monitoring borehole is proposed, that is using high pressure capsule company sealing capsule or other sealing craft to seal the borehole. The high pressure capsule can also monitor stress, thus realizes the monitoring of many parameters including gas, stress and temperature. The method of locating sealing borehole in this coal seam using EMR based on electro-stress couple mechanism was proposed.
Real-time monitoring system is built up to monitor parameters in coal seam with gas, this system mainly includes four parts:borehole sealing device, stress monitoring device, data collecting device and application software system. The system not only can monitor relevant parameters like gas, tress and temperature synchronously, but also could transmit, storage and process the data synchronously with the help of KJ system.
The index of real-time monitoring of the multi-parameter gas coal, which include gas pressure, environment temperature of borehole, stress of coal around borehole et al, are introduced.
The method of real-time monitor multi-parameters of coal seam in evolution process of coal or rock dynamic disaster is put forward. That is through constructing borehole of monitoring in working face and installing monitoring system to monitor the multi-parameter coal seam with gas in synchronous and real-time. The determination formula about the space between monitoring sites and monitoring borehole is obtained. And this method is tested in LiangBei coal mine. Based on safety rheology and mutation theory and combined with each parameter variation of coal seam around measures of relief boreholes, the characteristics of safety rheology and mutation in relief and drainage measures are analyzed during mining process.
The method of real-time monitor about parametric testing of coal seam gas and effect of gas prevention and cure is proposed, and has been applied in coal mine respectively.
The paper has81pieces of Figures,9pieces of tables,159pieces of references.
（1）分别从含瓦斯煤体弹性自调节综合效应、瓦斯低速渗流启动压力梯度和宏观应力场对孔隙裂隙闭合程度的控制三个方面分析了煤层应力场对煤层瓦斯渗流和封存特征的影响机理。阐述了煤层瓦斯流场的热力学效应，并分别从瓦斯渗流热传递和应力变化导致的热能转化两个角度分析了煤体温度变化机理。
（2）基于煤岩力电耦合机理，提出了电磁辐射技术确定本煤层封孔位置的方法，即通过测定本煤层监测钻孔不同深处的电磁辐射值来确定钻孔的应力集中带，进而确定合理的封孔位置。
（3）提出了采用高压胶囊配合封孔胶囊或注浆等封孔工艺密封钻孔，并利用高压胶囊监测应力的技术思路，开发了含瓦斯煤层多参数实时监测系统，该监测系统主要包括钻孔密封装置、应力监测装置、数据采集与传输装置和软件系统等四个部分，可实现对含瓦斯煤层中瓦斯压力、应力和温度等相关参数的实时监测，同时可与KJ系统联网运行，实现对监测数据的实时传输、存储与处理。
（4）提出了采动过程含瓦斯煤层多参数实时监测方法，并建立了监测钻孔位置、监测钻孔孔间距的确定公式，实现了对采动过程中含瓦斯煤层多参数的实时监测，监测结果可用于分析各参数的耦合、演化规律及辨识灾害演化信息；采用该方法在梁北煤矿进行了应用，并结合监测结果，分析了采动过程、卸压或抽放措施前后煤层参数的流变-突变特征。
（5）提出了瓦斯治理效果实时监测方法，考察了瓦斯治理措施实施过程煤层多参数的变化规律；并针对不同瓦斯治理措施，提出了对瓦斯治理效果进行实时监测的测点布置和仪器安装方法。
Gas disaster threatens miners' life safety and sustainable development of the country. The real-time monitor of multi-parameters, such as gas, stress and temperature et al, is of great interest for prevention and control of gas disaster. The model of gas seepage by layer is established in this paper and the impact mechanism of coal seam stress filed on coal seam gas seepage and its preservation characteristic is analyzed on the perspective of starting pressure gradient of gas seepage in low speed. The technology of real-time monitor multi-parameters of gas-bearing coal is put forward, and the system of real-time monitor containing multi-parameters of gas-bearing coal is established. The method of real-time monitor multi-parameters of gas-bearing coal in evolution of coal and rock dynamic disaster is proposed, meanwhile, the parametric testing of coal seam gas and real-time monitor method about effect of gas control are proposed and used.
The model of gas seepage by layer is established in this paper and the impact mechanism of coal seam stress filed on coal seam gas seepage and its preservation characteristic is analyzed on the perspective of starting pressure gradient of gas seepage in low speed. The thermodynamic effect of coal seam gas flow field is elaborated. And the change mechanism of temperature field of coal seam gas is analyzed respectively with thermal gradient of gas seepage and thermal energy transformation caused by changes of stress.
A new method of sealing monitoring borehole is proposed, that is using high pressure capsule company sealing capsule or other sealing craft to seal the borehole. The high pressure capsule can also monitor stress, thus realizes the monitoring of many parameters including gas, stress and temperature. The method of locating sealing borehole in this coal seam using EMR based on electro-stress couple mechanism was proposed.
Real-time monitoring system is built up to monitor parameters in coal seam with gas, this system mainly includes four parts:borehole sealing device, stress monitoring device, data collecting device and application software system. The system not only can monitor relevant parameters like gas, tress and temperature synchronously, but also could transmit, storage and process the data synchronously with the help of KJ system.
The index of real-time monitoring of the multi-parameter gas coal, which include gas pressure, environment temperature of borehole, stress of coal around borehole et al, are introduced.
The method of real-time monitor multi-parameters of coal seam in evolution process of coal or rock dynamic disaster is put forward. That is through constructing borehole of monitoring in working face and installing monitoring system to monitor the multi-parameter coal seam with gas in synchronous and real-time. The determination formula about the space between monitoring sites and monitoring borehole is obtained. And this method is tested in LiangBei coal mine. Based on safety rheology and mutation theory and combined with each parameter variation of coal seam around measures of relief boreholes, the characteristics of safety rheology and mutation in relief and drainage measures are analyzed during mining process.
The method of real-time monitor about parametric testing of coal seam gas and effect of gas prevention and cure is proposed, and has been applied in coal mine respectively.
The paper has81pieces of Figures,9pieces of tables,159pieces of references.
引文
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