沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料的制备与阻燃性能的研究
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摘要
以沙柳材、蒙脱土、脲醛树脂为研究对象,通过XRD、FT-IR手段对沙柳材/蒙脱土纳米复合材料结构进行表征,采用氧指数、TG方法对其热性能进行分析。并分别采用施胶前在沙柳材中加入蒙脱土和在胶液中加入蒙脱土两种方案制备沙柳材/蒙脱土刨花板,研究两种方案的最佳制备工艺,同时通过正交实验获得理想的工艺条件,并且分析和讨论了两种方案制备过程以及影响因素。主要结论如下:
1.采用XRD、FT-IR手段对沙柳材/蒙脱土纳米复合材料结构进行表征。XRD结果表明蒙脱土与沙柳材复合后,特征衍射峰减小,层间距由1.47nm增加到1.59nm;与脲醛树脂复合后特征衍射峰值也减小,层间距由1.47nm增加到1.81nm。通过FT-IR分析,沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料在3421 cm~(-1)、1028cm~(-1)等处的O-H伸缩振动吸收峰较沙柳木粉强度增大,蒙脱土与沙柳材之间发生了氢键作用或其它化学结合;脲醛树脂与蒙脱土复合后在3291cm-l、1O86cm~(-1)附近衍射峰增强,蒙脱土与脲醛树脂分子间可能通过氧原子产生了较强连接。因此,蒙脱土与沙柳材、脲醛树脂都能形成插层型的纳米复合材料。
2.沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料加入蒙脱土后降解温度有所提高。沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料热降解开始温度(260℃)比沙柳材(240℃)提高了10%左右。脲醛树脂胶加入蒙脱土后热降解开始温度为170℃比未加入时(150℃)提高13%左右。蒙脱土加入后其片层能有效的阻隔一定的沙柳材、脲醛树脂中脱除的水蒸气逸出,起到了良好的气体阻隔作用,能够有效提高其耐热阻燃性能。
3.采用沙柳材先与蒙脱土复合后施胶的方法制备的沙柳材/蒙脱土刨花板的因素的主次关系为分散浓度、施胶量、热压时间、热压温度。采用蒙脱土改性脲醛树脂胶为中间介质的沙柳材/蒙脱土刨花板的因素的主次关系为分散浓度、施胶量、热压时间、热压温度。两种方案下其理想的工艺条件均为:蒙脱土分散浓度为5%,施胶量为12%、热压温度为185℃,热压时间为7min。
4.采用先制备脲醛树脂/蒙脱土复合材料,然后与沙柳混合的加工工艺制备而成的刨花板的物理性能优于先制备沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料,然后施胶加工而成的刨花板。利用第一种工艺加工而成的刨花板的力学性能能够达到GB/T 4897.4-2003中刨花板在干燥状态下使用的结构用板的要求。利用第二种方案加工而成的刨花板的力学性能能够达到GB/T 4897.3-2003中刨花板在干燥状态下使用的家具及室内装修用板要求。
In this thesis,the Salix Psammophila、MMT and UF is the main research object. Characterized Salix Psammophila /MMT composite material`s the structure by XRD, FT-IR methods. Analysis its thermal performance by using OI, TG methods. Using two schemes preparation Salix Psammophila/MMT Shaving board by adding glue to montmorillonite previously and adding glue to Salix Psammophila. Study on the best of both scenarios preparation. At the same time obtain ideal process conditions through orthogonal experiment , and analyse and discuss two solutions to the preparation process and influence factors. The major achievements of this study were summarized as following:
1. Characterize analysed Salix Psammophila /MMT composite material`s structure by XRD, FT-IR means. XRD results show that the composite materials of MMT and Salix Psammophila, the characteristic diffraction peaks decreases, the interlayer spacing increased from 1.47nm to 1.59nm, and UF composite material after the characteristic diffraction peaks decreases, the interlayer spacing increased from 1.47nm to 1.81nm. FT-IR analysis shows that, the Salix Psammophila/MMT composite material`s O-H stretching vibration absorption peak intensity increased than Salix Psammophila at 3421 cm~(-1), 1028cm~(-1). The hydrogen bonding interaction or other chemical combination occurs between MMT and Salix Psammophila. UF/MMT composite material`s characteristic diffraction peaks increased at 3291cm-l, 1086cm~(-1) near by. Between the MMT molecules and UF molecules may be connected by oxygen atoms. Therefore, the montmorillonite and Salix Psammophila, UF can form intercalated nanocomposites.
2. The Salix Psammophila /MMT composite material`s degradation temperature increased after adding MMT. The degradation temperature of the Salix Psammophila /MMT composite material (260℃) increased 10% than Salix material (240℃). The degradation temperature of the UF/MMT composite material (170℃) increased 13% than UF (150℃). After the addition of MMT, it`s layers can block the removal of water vapor in Salix Psammophila material and UF effectively, which played a good gas barrier effect and can effectively improve its heat-resistant and flame-retardant properties.
3. The Salix Sammophila / MMT shaving board which prepared by adding glue after Salix/MMT, the main order is the scattered concentration ,glue content, pressing time, pressing temperature. The Salix Sammophila / MMT Shaving board which produced of Montmorillonite modified with UF as the intermediate mediumand. The main order is glue content, pressing time, pressing temperature, the Scattered concentration. The ideal process conditions: the Scattered concentration of 5%, 12% resin content, pressing temperature was 185℃, pressing time 7min.
4. The physical properties of shaving board which prepared UF / MMT composite materials previously and mixed with Salix better than the shaving board that prepared Salix Sammophila / MMT composite materials previously and then mixed with glue. The physical properties of shaving board which using the first method can satisfy the requirement for structural panels used as a structural plate in dry conditions regulated by GB / T 4897.4-2003. The physical properties of shaving board which using the second method can satisfy the requirement for a panel of furniture and interior decoration requirements in dry conditions regulated by GB / T 4897.3-2003.
1.采用XRD、FT-IR手段对沙柳材/蒙脱土纳米复合材料结构进行表征。XRD结果表明蒙脱土与沙柳材复合后,特征衍射峰减小,层间距由1.47nm增加到1.59nm;与脲醛树脂复合后特征衍射峰值也减小,层间距由1.47nm增加到1.81nm。通过FT-IR分析,沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料在3421 cm~(-1)、1028cm~(-1)等处的O-H伸缩振动吸收峰较沙柳木粉强度增大,蒙脱土与沙柳材之间发生了氢键作用或其它化学结合;脲醛树脂与蒙脱土复合后在3291cm-l、1O86cm~(-1)附近衍射峰增强,蒙脱土与脲醛树脂分子间可能通过氧原子产生了较强连接。因此,蒙脱土与沙柳材、脲醛树脂都能形成插层型的纳米复合材料。
2.沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料加入蒙脱土后降解温度有所提高。沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料热降解开始温度(260℃)比沙柳材(240℃)提高了10%左右。脲醛树脂胶加入蒙脱土后热降解开始温度为170℃比未加入时(150℃)提高13%左右。蒙脱土加入后其片层能有效的阻隔一定的沙柳材、脲醛树脂中脱除的水蒸气逸出,起到了良好的气体阻隔作用,能够有效提高其耐热阻燃性能。
3.采用沙柳材先与蒙脱土复合后施胶的方法制备的沙柳材/蒙脱土刨花板的因素的主次关系为分散浓度、施胶量、热压时间、热压温度。采用蒙脱土改性脲醛树脂胶为中间介质的沙柳材/蒙脱土刨花板的因素的主次关系为分散浓度、施胶量、热压时间、热压温度。两种方案下其理想的工艺条件均为:蒙脱土分散浓度为5%,施胶量为12%、热压温度为185℃,热压时间为7min。
4.采用先制备脲醛树脂/蒙脱土复合材料,然后与沙柳混合的加工工艺制备而成的刨花板的物理性能优于先制备沙柳材/蒙脱土复合材料,然后施胶加工而成的刨花板。利用第一种工艺加工而成的刨花板的力学性能能够达到GB/T 4897.4-2003中刨花板在干燥状态下使用的结构用板的要求。利用第二种方案加工而成的刨花板的力学性能能够达到GB/T 4897.3-2003中刨花板在干燥状态下使用的家具及室内装修用板要求。
In this thesis,the Salix Psammophila、MMT and UF is the main research object. Characterized Salix Psammophila /MMT composite material`s the structure by XRD, FT-IR methods. Analysis its thermal performance by using OI, TG methods. Using two schemes preparation Salix Psammophila/MMT Shaving board by adding glue to montmorillonite previously and adding glue to Salix Psammophila. Study on the best of both scenarios preparation. At the same time obtain ideal process conditions through orthogonal experiment , and analyse and discuss two solutions to the preparation process and influence factors. The major achievements of this study were summarized as following:
1. Characterize analysed Salix Psammophila /MMT composite material`s structure by XRD, FT-IR means. XRD results show that the composite materials of MMT and Salix Psammophila, the characteristic diffraction peaks decreases, the interlayer spacing increased from 1.47nm to 1.59nm, and UF composite material after the characteristic diffraction peaks decreases, the interlayer spacing increased from 1.47nm to 1.81nm. FT-IR analysis shows that, the Salix Psammophila/MMT composite material`s O-H stretching vibration absorption peak intensity increased than Salix Psammophila at 3421 cm~(-1), 1028cm~(-1). The hydrogen bonding interaction or other chemical combination occurs between MMT and Salix Psammophila. UF/MMT composite material`s characteristic diffraction peaks increased at 3291cm-l, 1086cm~(-1) near by. Between the MMT molecules and UF molecules may be connected by oxygen atoms. Therefore, the montmorillonite and Salix Psammophila, UF can form intercalated nanocomposites.
2. The Salix Psammophila /MMT composite material`s degradation temperature increased after adding MMT. The degradation temperature of the Salix Psammophila /MMT composite material (260℃) increased 10% than Salix material (240℃). The degradation temperature of the UF/MMT composite material (170℃) increased 13% than UF (150℃). After the addition of MMT, it`s layers can block the removal of water vapor in Salix Psammophila material and UF effectively, which played a good gas barrier effect and can effectively improve its heat-resistant and flame-retardant properties.
3. The Salix Sammophila / MMT shaving board which prepared by adding glue after Salix/MMT, the main order is the scattered concentration ,glue content, pressing time, pressing temperature. The Salix Sammophila / MMT Shaving board which produced of Montmorillonite modified with UF as the intermediate mediumand. The main order is glue content, pressing time, pressing temperature, the Scattered concentration. The ideal process conditions: the Scattered concentration of 5%, 12% resin content, pressing temperature was 185℃, pressing time 7min.
4. The physical properties of shaving board which prepared UF / MMT composite materials previously and mixed with Salix better than the shaving board that prepared Salix Sammophila / MMT composite materials previously and then mixed with glue. The physical properties of shaving board which using the first method can satisfy the requirement for structural panels used as a structural plate in dry conditions regulated by GB / T 4897.4-2003. The physical properties of shaving board which using the second method can satisfy the requirement for a panel of furniture and interior decoration requirements in dry conditions regulated by GB / T 4897.3-2003.
引文
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2吕文华,赵广杰.木材/木质复合材料阻燃技术发展趋势[J].木材工业,2002.16(6):28-31.
3李巧玲,王亚昆,毛文英,杨晓峰,韩红丽.尼龙66 /蒙脱土纳米复合材料的绿色阻燃和力学性能[J].新技术新工艺·涂层技术应用,2006.11:48-50.
4杨文斌,吴纯初,顾练百.木材阻燃的回顾与展望[J].林业机械和木工设备,2000.28(4):4-6.
5王晓辉.环保阻燃型刨花板的工艺技术研究及效益分析[D].博士学位论文,北京:北京林业大学,2006.5-9
6陈志林,Zhiyong Cai,Jerrold E. Winandy,傅峰.Extensive Review of Fire-retardant Wood Composites Researches in the US. Focus[J],2009.1:7-10.
7李桂玲,武金龙.浅谈木材的阻燃处理[J].黑龙江生态工程职业学院学报,2007.20(2):23-26
8方桂珍.木材功能性改良.北京:化学工业出版社[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.84-91
9崔会旺,杜官本.木材阻燃研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2000.21(3):42-47.
10四川省公安消防总队. 2010年全国火灾案例.四川消防网, 2011.12.31
11高明.木材的阻燃处理及其热特性研究[D],硕士学位论文.河北保定:河北大学,2002.12-13.
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