歧口凹陷古近纪热流体活动及其对碎屑岩储层的影响
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摘要
本文通过普通薄片鉴定、阴极发光、流体包裹体测温、岩石地球化学、有机地球化学等技术手段对区内的第三系火成岩以及与之相接触的砂岩储层特别是深部储层进行了详细的研究和分析。歧口地区的第三系火成岩主要是一套由玄武岩-辉绿岩组成的基性岩浆岩,随着时间的推移,成分上逐渐富钠贫钾。在有辉绿岩侵入的层位中,粘土矿物中的高岭石和蒙皂石的含量明显的增大;但是在深部有热流体活动的储层中,粘土矿物则表现为高岭石和绿泥石同时增大,显示出深部富CO2流体和岩浆热液共同作用的特点。区内不管是浅部(<3500m)储层的基性岩浆热液活动还是深部(>3500m)的来自上地幔的富CO2热流体活动都明显的改善了储层的物性,提高了储层的质量。
The volcanic activities are very strong in Qikou and Beitang Sag since the Tertiary, so the volcanic rock is very developed in the sag, mainly with in shallow intrusions of diabase and other means output, and main composition of magma is CO2-rich volatile components. As early as the beginning of the 60s Dagang oil field had already started to study the volcanic reservoirs, After nearly half a century of exploration and development, they have found gs 7 well diabase oil reservoir, Zhang 7 contact metamorphic oil reservoir and kou 22 Well diabase volcanic oil reservoir in the region. Magmatic activities in this area can be seen have a very close relationship with the oil and gas accumulation. According to the use of petrography, geochemistry of volcanics, fluid inclusion and organic geochemical techniques, we mainly discussed the regional magmatic activities influence mechanisms and contributions on the reservoir physical properties, especially the deep reservoir physical properties.
The Tertiary volcanic rocks of Qikou region is mainly a set of basalt - diabase series of basic volcanic and intrusive rocks. Horizontally, the Tertiary volcanic rocks is mainly in the junction of South Dagang buried hill tectonic belt and Zhang Dong fault belt , east of sanmu buried hill tectonic belt. Longitudinal direction, they are mainly distributed in 5 layer series, incuding Kongdian group, Shahejie group, Dongying group, Guantao group, Minghuangzhen group deposition etc.
Through the study on geochemistry of volcanics, the volcanic rocks of the region show similar characteristics with Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the the eastern of our country, which are mainly enriched in lithophile elements and high field strength elements, not loss of Nb, Ta and other elements, show a clear OIB characteristics, while enrichment of Pb, showing interior rift basalts features. Mantle properties of Beitang sag may changed during the period of Es3-Es1, transforming from enriched mantle to depleted mantle. The chemical composition of volcanic rocks performs particularly, with the passage of time (Es3→Es1) , degree of alkaline of Tertiary volcanic rocks in the study area are more and more high, chemical composition is more and more rich in Na, poor in K.
The rocks of the region is mainly composed by terrigenous clastic rock and Tertiary volcanic rocks, the particle size of terrigenous clastic rock is relatively coarse, manily with fine sandstone and medium sandstone. Diagenesis mainly contains compaction, pressure solution, cementation, replacement, alteration and dissolution. The sequence of diagenesises is: microcrystalline calcite→early quartz overgrowth→sparry calcite→authigenic sericite, authigenic muscovite, later quartz overgrowth→authigenic chlorite, alkali feldspar overgrowth→pore filling calcite. Diagenetic stage is maily at the A period of medium diagenesis. In Qikou Sag, the depth of transformation of diagenetic stage form the early diagenesis to medium diagenesis is 3351m
Both the shallow basic magmatic activity (<3500m) and deep thermal activity (> 3500m) from the upper mantle which is rich in CO2 fluid both have significantly improved the physical properties of the reservoir, but their impact mechanism has a great difference. The shallow magmatic hydrothermal activity is mainly caused by the intrusion of Tertiary mafic magma, the content of smectite and kaolinite at the layer where igneous rock body in place are higher than its adjacent layers. Deep thermal fluids is a major supercritical fluid, which is produced by partial melting of magma coming from lower crust or even the upper mantle. This supercritical thermal fluid has not only very high heat, but also better connectivity, which greatly increased the formation temperature of this area, and caused hydrothermal warming effect, formed large areas of abnormal high pressure zone, improved the deep reservoir physical properties. At the same time, the chemical composition of this thermal fluids is not only rich in halogen element, Fe, Si, Cu, Pb, Au, W and other elements, but also rich in CO2, H2O and other volatile components, all of which have important influence for the production of secondary porosity and improving the deep reservoir properties.
The volcanic activities are very strong in Qikou and Beitang Sag since the Tertiary, so the volcanic rock is very developed in the sag, mainly with in shallow intrusions of diabase and other means output, and main composition of magma is CO2-rich volatile components. As early as the beginning of the 60s Dagang oil field had already started to study the volcanic reservoirs, After nearly half a century of exploration and development, they have found gs 7 well diabase oil reservoir, Zhang 7 contact metamorphic oil reservoir and kou 22 Well diabase volcanic oil reservoir in the region. Magmatic activities in this area can be seen have a very close relationship with the oil and gas accumulation. According to the use of petrography, geochemistry of volcanics, fluid inclusion and organic geochemical techniques, we mainly discussed the regional magmatic activities influence mechanisms and contributions on the reservoir physical properties, especially the deep reservoir physical properties.
The Tertiary volcanic rocks of Qikou region is mainly a set of basalt - diabase series of basic volcanic and intrusive rocks. Horizontally, the Tertiary volcanic rocks is mainly in the junction of South Dagang buried hill tectonic belt and Zhang Dong fault belt , east of sanmu buried hill tectonic belt. Longitudinal direction, they are mainly distributed in 5 layer series, incuding Kongdian group, Shahejie group, Dongying group, Guantao group, Minghuangzhen group deposition etc.
Through the study on geochemistry of volcanics, the volcanic rocks of the region show similar characteristics with Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the the eastern of our country, which are mainly enriched in lithophile elements and high field strength elements, not loss of Nb, Ta and other elements, show a clear OIB characteristics, while enrichment of Pb, showing interior rift basalts features. Mantle properties of Beitang sag may changed during the period of Es3-Es1, transforming from enriched mantle to depleted mantle. The chemical composition of volcanic rocks performs particularly, with the passage of time (Es3→Es1) , degree of alkaline of Tertiary volcanic rocks in the study area are more and more high, chemical composition is more and more rich in Na, poor in K.
The rocks of the region is mainly composed by terrigenous clastic rock and Tertiary volcanic rocks, the particle size of terrigenous clastic rock is relatively coarse, manily with fine sandstone and medium sandstone. Diagenesis mainly contains compaction, pressure solution, cementation, replacement, alteration and dissolution. The sequence of diagenesises is: microcrystalline calcite→early quartz overgrowth→sparry calcite→authigenic sericite, authigenic muscovite, later quartz overgrowth→authigenic chlorite, alkali feldspar overgrowth→pore filling calcite. Diagenetic stage is maily at the A period of medium diagenesis. In Qikou Sag, the depth of transformation of diagenetic stage form the early diagenesis to medium diagenesis is 3351m
Both the shallow basic magmatic activity (<3500m) and deep thermal activity (> 3500m) from the upper mantle which is rich in CO2 fluid both have significantly improved the physical properties of the reservoir, but their impact mechanism has a great difference. The shallow magmatic hydrothermal activity is mainly caused by the intrusion of Tertiary mafic magma, the content of smectite and kaolinite at the layer where igneous rock body in place are higher than its adjacent layers. Deep thermal fluids is a major supercritical fluid, which is produced by partial melting of magma coming from lower crust or even the upper mantle. This supercritical thermal fluid has not only very high heat, but also better connectivity, which greatly increased the formation temperature of this area, and caused hydrothermal warming effect, formed large areas of abnormal high pressure zone, improved the deep reservoir physical properties. At the same time, the chemical composition of this thermal fluids is not only rich in halogen element, Fe, Si, Cu, Pb, Au, W and other elements, but also rich in CO2, H2O and other volatile components, all of which have important influence for the production of secondary porosity and improving the deep reservoir properties.
引文
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