DAP-R中文版修订及在中老年基督教信徒中的应用
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摘要
【目的】
译制并修订中文版死亡态度描绘量表-修订版(Death Attitude Profile-Revised,DAP-R),并验证中文版量表在中老年基督教信徒中应用的信度和效度,为今后开展死亡态度研究提供一个简便易行的测量工具；了解中老年基督教信徒的死亡态度现状并分析中老年基督教信徒死亡态度的影响因素。
【方法】
遵循“翻译-回译-文化调适-预实验”的量表修订程序,首先完成了中文版DAP-R量表翻译和回译,经专家咨询及小样本访谈研究修正后,确定量表题目内容；对150名中老年基督教信徒进行调查,采用SPSS16.0软件包进行有效问卷的数据输入、处理和分析,对基本信息采用百分率、均数进行描述性统计,然后对数据进行因子分析、相关分析及信效度分析,用相关系数及内部一致性Cronbach'sα系数和Split-half折半系数等共同评价中文版DAP-R量表的信度和效度；最后采用均数、标准差、t检验、方差分析、相关分析等方法分析中老年基督教信徒死亡态度现状及其影响因素。
【结果】
中文版DAP-R量表包括5个维度,25个条目,每个维度有5个条目；各维度的Cronbach'sα系数在0.585～0.853之间,各维度的Split-half折半系数在0.598～0.809之间,总量表的Cronbach'sα系数和折半系数分别为0.840、0.843；量表条目的敏感性分析显示各条目的“去掉当前条目问卷的a系数”值均在0.835左右,变化幅度较小；因子分析产生7个因子,能解释总变异的67.075%,量表各条目均在其中一个公因子上有较高的负荷值,范围在0.529～0.872,且多数条目进入各自维度内,仅少数条目进入其他公因子；各条目与所属维度的相关系数在0.432～0.850之间(P<0.01)；变异共同度分析显示公因子方差在0.505～0.790之间,均大于0.5,即原始标量信息有至少50%以上的方差可以由公因子来解释；被调查者趋近接受维度得分最高,其次是自然接受维度,死亡恐惧维度得分最低；被调查者的死亡态度(尤其是死亡恐惧维度)在信仰时间、阅读宗教相关书籍的频率,日常祷告频率、接受教会洗礼的支持因素、文化程度及居住方式上表现出不同；而在性别和健康状况上无差异性；死亡态度与年龄、文化程度及宗教行为如阅读书籍、祷告、忏悔等存在一定的相关性。
【结论】
DAP-R量表中文版作为跨文化应用工具,在中老年基督教信徒应用证实有较好的可接受性、信度及效度,符合测量学要求,具有较高的科学性和使用价值,仍需在更大样本更多人群中进行验证；中老年基督教信徒能正确认识和接受死亡,但是由于自身宗教信仰的原因,其趋近接受维度得分偏高。
[Objective]
To develop a chinese version of Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) and evaluate its feasibility, reliability and validity using in the chinese Christians, supply a simple and convenient instrument for Carrying out research on death attitudes; and assesse the attitude of death and analyze the influential elements of middle-aged Christians.
[Methods]
The standard of cross-culture adaptation was used to developed the chinese cersion of DAP-R. After undergoing forward and backward translation of the DAP-R by expert consultation and in-depth interview,150 Christians over 40 years old were recruited to complete the questionnaire and statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 16.0 statistics package. The descriptive statistics were calculated including percentage、means and standard deviations(SD)for the domains of the scale;As well, factor analysis、correlation analysis、the Cronbach'sαand split-half coefficient were applied to establish the scale's construct validity and reliability. Finally,using T-test、variance analysis and correlation analysis to assesse the attitude of death and analyzing the factors that influencing the level of death attitudes of middle-aged Christians.
[Results]
The validated chinese version of DAP-R comprises of 25 items covering five dimensions;The Cronbach's a and Split-half coefficient of five domains were shown to be 0.585～0.853 and 0.598～0.809 respectivelity, the Cronbach's a and Split-half cofficient for the whole scale were 0.840 and 0.843 respectively; The result of the sensitivity analysis display that "Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted" of items were 0.835 or so with Small amplitude; The varimax rotation factor analysis of the DAP-R identified seven principal factors and explained for 67.075% variances; The majority of items has moderate to strong loading on its corresponding factors, they were from 0.529～0.872; The correlation coefficient between each item and its domain was from 0.432～0.850 (statistically significant); The result of the communalities analysis showed that extraction for each item was over 0.5. Middle-aged christians are able to understand and accept death correctly, furthermore, the score of approach acceptable is on the high side due to themselves' religious belief. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between the respondents' death attitude and education level、Mode of living and religious informations, particularly in the dimension of fear of death,but there is no differences in gender and health; Besides, there is correlation between the respondents' death attitude and age、education level and religious informations.
[Conclusions]
The chinese version of DAP-R possesses acceptable validity and reliability in the setting of Christians and well meet the psychometric. And more in-depth study on the scale needs to be done in a wider population; Middle-aged christians are able to understand and accept death correctly, furthermore, the score of approach acceptable is on the high side due to themselves' religious belief.
译制并修订中文版死亡态度描绘量表-修订版(Death Attitude Profile-Revised,DAP-R),并验证中文版量表在中老年基督教信徒中应用的信度和效度,为今后开展死亡态度研究提供一个简便易行的测量工具；了解中老年基督教信徒的死亡态度现状并分析中老年基督教信徒死亡态度的影响因素。
【方法】
遵循“翻译-回译-文化调适-预实验”的量表修订程序,首先完成了中文版DAP-R量表翻译和回译,经专家咨询及小样本访谈研究修正后,确定量表题目内容；对150名中老年基督教信徒进行调查,采用SPSS16.0软件包进行有效问卷的数据输入、处理和分析,对基本信息采用百分率、均数进行描述性统计,然后对数据进行因子分析、相关分析及信效度分析,用相关系数及内部一致性Cronbach'sα系数和Split-half折半系数等共同评价中文版DAP-R量表的信度和效度；最后采用均数、标准差、t检验、方差分析、相关分析等方法分析中老年基督教信徒死亡态度现状及其影响因素。
【结果】
中文版DAP-R量表包括5个维度,25个条目,每个维度有5个条目；各维度的Cronbach'sα系数在0.585～0.853之间,各维度的Split-half折半系数在0.598～0.809之间,总量表的Cronbach'sα系数和折半系数分别为0.840、0.843；量表条目的敏感性分析显示各条目的“去掉当前条目问卷的a系数”值均在0.835左右,变化幅度较小；因子分析产生7个因子,能解释总变异的67.075%,量表各条目均在其中一个公因子上有较高的负荷值,范围在0.529～0.872,且多数条目进入各自维度内,仅少数条目进入其他公因子；各条目与所属维度的相关系数在0.432～0.850之间(P<0.01)；变异共同度分析显示公因子方差在0.505～0.790之间,均大于0.5,即原始标量信息有至少50%以上的方差可以由公因子来解释；被调查者趋近接受维度得分最高,其次是自然接受维度,死亡恐惧维度得分最低；被调查者的死亡态度(尤其是死亡恐惧维度)在信仰时间、阅读宗教相关书籍的频率,日常祷告频率、接受教会洗礼的支持因素、文化程度及居住方式上表现出不同；而在性别和健康状况上无差异性；死亡态度与年龄、文化程度及宗教行为如阅读书籍、祷告、忏悔等存在一定的相关性。
【结论】
DAP-R量表中文版作为跨文化应用工具,在中老年基督教信徒应用证实有较好的可接受性、信度及效度,符合测量学要求,具有较高的科学性和使用价值,仍需在更大样本更多人群中进行验证；中老年基督教信徒能正确认识和接受死亡,但是由于自身宗教信仰的原因,其趋近接受维度得分偏高。
[Objective]
To develop a chinese version of Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) and evaluate its feasibility, reliability and validity using in the chinese Christians, supply a simple and convenient instrument for Carrying out research on death attitudes; and assesse the attitude of death and analyze the influential elements of middle-aged Christians.
[Methods]
The standard of cross-culture adaptation was used to developed the chinese cersion of DAP-R. After undergoing forward and backward translation of the DAP-R by expert consultation and in-depth interview,150 Christians over 40 years old were recruited to complete the questionnaire and statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS 16.0 statistics package. The descriptive statistics were calculated including percentage、means and standard deviations(SD)for the domains of the scale;As well, factor analysis、correlation analysis、the Cronbach'sαand split-half coefficient were applied to establish the scale's construct validity and reliability. Finally,using T-test、variance analysis and correlation analysis to assesse the attitude of death and analyzing the factors that influencing the level of death attitudes of middle-aged Christians.
[Results]
The validated chinese version of DAP-R comprises of 25 items covering five dimensions;The Cronbach's a and Split-half coefficient of five domains were shown to be 0.585～0.853 and 0.598～0.809 respectivelity, the Cronbach's a and Split-half cofficient for the whole scale were 0.840 and 0.843 respectively; The result of the sensitivity analysis display that "Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted" of items were 0.835 or so with Small amplitude; The varimax rotation factor analysis of the DAP-R identified seven principal factors and explained for 67.075% variances; The majority of items has moderate to strong loading on its corresponding factors, they were from 0.529～0.872; The correlation coefficient between each item and its domain was from 0.432～0.850 (statistically significant); The result of the communalities analysis showed that extraction for each item was over 0.5. Middle-aged christians are able to understand and accept death correctly, furthermore, the score of approach acceptable is on the high side due to themselves' religious belief. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between the respondents' death attitude and education level、Mode of living and religious informations, particularly in the dimension of fear of death,but there is no differences in gender and health; Besides, there is correlation between the respondents' death attitude and age、education level and religious informations.
[Conclusions]
The chinese version of DAP-R possesses acceptable validity and reliability in the setting of Christians and well meet the psychometric. And more in-depth study on the scale needs to be done in a wider population; Middle-aged christians are able to understand and accept death correctly, furthermore, the score of approach acceptable is on the high side due to themselves' religious belief.
引文
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