大冶灵宝铁矿采空区稳定性综合评价
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摘要
矿石的回采会引起矿山采空区周围岩体应力的重新分布,当这种重新分布的应力超过岩体的强度极限时,将会造成岩体失稳破坏,因此,采空区岩体受力状态研究及稳定性评价就显得尤为重要。
本文结合大冶灵宝铁矿,以采空区岩体稳定性评价为主线,以为该矿山残矿回采决策提供依据为目的,采用定性评价和定量评价相结合的方法,对采空区岩体的稳定性展开了系统的研究。通过资料查询与现场调查,找出影响岩体稳定性的矿山工程地质与水文地质因素。结合在实验室内对-88m采空区采集的岩石进行点载荷强度指标试验结果,对该采区岩体进行RMR与Q系统岩体分类,得出灵宝铁矿采空区岩体属于较好质量岩体。运用ANSYS软件对灵宝铁矿进行三维建模分析,得出矿山采空区岩体应力及安全系数分布情况在残矿回采前后的变化规律,评价残矿的回采对采空区岩体稳定性的影响。通过对井下采空区状况调查,建议该矿采用封闭法来处理井下采空区,包括小包山矿-70m水平以上采空区和-88m水平以下采空区。最后,在有限元分析得出的-88m水平采空区岩体应力集中分布的区域,合理布设声发射监测点,对残矿回采主要作业采空区岩体地压活动进行监测,分析监测数据,预测预报采空区岩体稳定性变化趋势,对矿山残矿的安全回采有一定的指导意义。
In the course of mining, the stress in arounding rock mass will redistribute, when this kind of stress exceeds surrounding rock’s ultimate strength, surrounding rock will lose its stability and destruct. Consequently, it becomes increasingly important for the study of the forced condition of rock mass and its stability during mining.
Associated with Daye Lingbao iron mine in this paper, sticking to the evaluation of rock’s stability, aiming to providing bases for mining residual ore in this mine, with the combination of qualitative evaluation, quantitative evaluation, the rock’s stability of goaf is studied systematically. Finding out the engineering geological and hydrogeololgy factors influencing rock’s stability of goaf by resourcing and field survey. Classifying the rock mass using RMR method and Q system method, according to the results of point load index test for rock selecting in the depth -88m, and the specific geological conditions of Lingbao iron mine. The quality of rock mass in this mine is good. Building 3D model of Lingbao iron mine by ANSYS, evaluating the effect on the stability of the rock mass during residual ore mining, through analyzing the distributing law of stress and safety factor in rock mass before and after residual ore mining. Through to the condition investigation of underground goaf, the suggestion on the method of dealing with goaf is closed, including goafs above -70m level and below -88m level in Xiaobaoshan mine. Finally, arranging acoustic emission monitoring points reasonably in the stress concentration area of goaf, monitoring pressure activities of rock mass in the main goaf, analyzing the data, predicting the change trend of rock’s stability, and providing directive significance for the safety of mining residual ore.
本文结合大冶灵宝铁矿,以采空区岩体稳定性评价为主线,以为该矿山残矿回采决策提供依据为目的,采用定性评价和定量评价相结合的方法,对采空区岩体的稳定性展开了系统的研究。通过资料查询与现场调查,找出影响岩体稳定性的矿山工程地质与水文地质因素。结合在实验室内对-88m采空区采集的岩石进行点载荷强度指标试验结果,对该采区岩体进行RMR与Q系统岩体分类,得出灵宝铁矿采空区岩体属于较好质量岩体。运用ANSYS软件对灵宝铁矿进行三维建模分析,得出矿山采空区岩体应力及安全系数分布情况在残矿回采前后的变化规律,评价残矿的回采对采空区岩体稳定性的影响。通过对井下采空区状况调查,建议该矿采用封闭法来处理井下采空区,包括小包山矿-70m水平以上采空区和-88m水平以下采空区。最后,在有限元分析得出的-88m水平采空区岩体应力集中分布的区域,合理布设声发射监测点,对残矿回采主要作业采空区岩体地压活动进行监测,分析监测数据,预测预报采空区岩体稳定性变化趋势,对矿山残矿的安全回采有一定的指导意义。
In the course of mining, the stress in arounding rock mass will redistribute, when this kind of stress exceeds surrounding rock’s ultimate strength, surrounding rock will lose its stability and destruct. Consequently, it becomes increasingly important for the study of the forced condition of rock mass and its stability during mining.
Associated with Daye Lingbao iron mine in this paper, sticking to the evaluation of rock’s stability, aiming to providing bases for mining residual ore in this mine, with the combination of qualitative evaluation, quantitative evaluation, the rock’s stability of goaf is studied systematically. Finding out the engineering geological and hydrogeololgy factors influencing rock’s stability of goaf by resourcing and field survey. Classifying the rock mass using RMR method and Q system method, according to the results of point load index test for rock selecting in the depth -88m, and the specific geological conditions of Lingbao iron mine. The quality of rock mass in this mine is good. Building 3D model of Lingbao iron mine by ANSYS, evaluating the effect on the stability of the rock mass during residual ore mining, through analyzing the distributing law of stress and safety factor in rock mass before and after residual ore mining. Through to the condition investigation of underground goaf, the suggestion on the method of dealing with goaf is closed, including goafs above -70m level and below -88m level in Xiaobaoshan mine. Finally, arranging acoustic emission monitoring points reasonably in the stress concentration area of goaf, monitoring pressure activities of rock mass in the main goaf, analyzing the data, predicting the change trend of rock’s stability, and providing directive significance for the safety of mining residual ore.
引文
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[2]欧阳治华,李强,许梦国.正兴铁矿后期回采围岩破坏规律的数值模拟[J].武汉科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,30(2):113-116.
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[4]欧阳治华,王胜开,全中学.矿山井下泥石流形成机理与固液耦合数值模拟研究[J].金属矿山,2008,(10):21-31.
[5]叶姗,欧阳治华,龚剑.普得铁矿残矿回采时岩体稳定性综合评价[J].金属矿山,2010,(9):155-158.
[6]张红军.残矿回收项目投资效果的集对分析评价[J].资源与产业,2006,8(4):107-109.
[7]赵继银,田文东.残矿回收的实践[J].矿业快报,2004,(10):44-45.
[8]杨明.残留矿柱开采的新工艺技术研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2000,20(6):8-10.
[9]马维富,许宝红.回收边残矿石提高矿山资源利用效益[J].矿业快报,2006,(6):551-553.
[10]姚宝魁,刘竹华,李春元,等.矿山地下开采稳定性研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994.
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[12]饶运章,艾幼孙.大宝山矿区地压控制与残矿安全回收[J].江西有色金属,2004,18(4):24-27.
[13]王国强.使用工程数值模拟技术及其在ANSYS上的实践[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2000.
[14]刘健.残矿资源多种工艺二次开采实践[J].黄金科学技术(12卷),2004,(1):29-32.
[15]吴超,孟廷让.矿山安全系统工程基础[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版社, 1992.
[16] Bill White. The current situation and research of american residual ore[J]. Resources Recycling of Residua Lore, New York, 1982: 294-307.
[17]董群柱.联合采矿法在残矿回采中的应用与实践[J].黄金,2004,25(2):20-22.
[18]周崇仁.矿柱回采与空区处理[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1989.
[19]王湖鑫,陈何,孙忠铭.地下残矿回收方法研究[J].矿冶,2008,17(2):24-26.
[20]王劼，张晓君，赵小稚．井下民采空区处理和残矿回收安全情况分析及防范对策[J].金属矿山,2007,(8):393-400.
[21]刘兴国,张国联.论无底柱分段崩落法放矿方式[J].金属矿山,2004,(2):5-10.
[22]杨殿.金属矿床地下开采[M].长沙:中南工业大学出版,1999.
[23]熊平文.花桥金矿残矿回采生产实践[J].中国矿山工程,2009,38(4):16-18.
[24]刘健.充填空场采矿法回采顶柱残矿的实践[J].黄金(25卷),2004,(12):28-32.
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