滑坡体下挂帮矿开采边坡安全控制策略与数值分析
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摘要
大冶铁矿象鼻山露天采区已经闭坑,境界外矿量将使用地下开采回收。为实现露天转地下的顺利过渡,矿山拟采用露天开采方式回收部分挂帮矿资源。象鼻山采区的北帮边坡历史上发生过滑坡,挂帮矿的开采是否会诱发原滑坡体的再次失稳,以及如何保障挂帮矿作业的安全,是采矿作业不可回避的问题。考虑挂帮矿开采时间短,对边坡进行大规模治理在经济上是不合理的,因此准确地预测边坡在挂帮矿开采期间的稳定性,以及在边坡不稳定或欠稳定的条件下保障采矿作业的安全是保证挂帮矿顺利开采的关键。基于此,本文提出预留部分高强度矿体作为挡墙,控制边坡变形和稳定的安全控制策略,并用三维数值分析程序FLAC-3D对其进行了论证。
1、综述了露天矿山边坡稳定和挂帮矿开采技术的研究现状,分析了本课题挂帮矿的开采方式及面临的问题。根据边坡工程地质调查成果和对历史资料分析,提出了利用强度较高、完整性较好的铁矿石作为挡墙控制边坡变形,维持边坡稳定的开采方案。
2、在对边坡地质条件进行简化的基础上建立了边坡稳定分析的三维模型,用FLAC-3D分析矿石挡墙的作用及不同开采顺序的影响。计算表明保留矿石挡墙的方案比不留时位移有量级的减小,塑性区范围也有显著缩小。
3、借助FLAC-3D分析地下水对边坡的影响,计算表明断层破碎带受地水位的影响较明显,随着水位的不断升高,位移逐渐增大,塑性区范围不断扩展。同时也显示在适当的排水条件下,矿石挡墙能够控制边坡变形与稳定,有利于挂帮矿资源的安全回收。
4、在开采期间同步进行变形监测,通过分析边坡变形监测资料,及时调整开采工艺和安全开采措施,使开采作业顺利进行。回采结束时虽然边坡变形量较大,但矿石挡土墙依然屹立,有效的阻止了大规模滑坡的发生。
Xiangbishang open pit of Daye Iron Mine has already closed and the ore outside its pit limit will be mined by underground method. In order to facilitate the smooth transfer from open pit mining to underground mining, hanging-wall ore was planned to be mined by open pit. A landslide once happened in the North Slope of the pit, whether the slide will be reactivated and how to prevent possible safety problems are problems having to be solved during hanging-wall ore mining. Considering the short term of mining operation, it’s irrational to make systematic reinforcement to the slope. So how to predict the slope safety correctly and how to maintain the safety of human and facilities when the slope is not sufficiently safe are key to the success of hanging-wall ore retraction. In this dissertation, a measure is suggested, which uses high-quality iron ore as retaining wall to control the slope deformation and to maintain its stability. Flac-3D is employed to analyze the problem and verify the feasibility of the measure.
Firstly, a state of art review is made on the open pit mine slope stability and hanging-wall ore mining techniques. Possible mining schemes and their potential problems are analyzed. Based on the geological investigation of the slope and the analysis of its historical landslide event, a measure is proposed, using the intact, high-quality iron ore as retaining wall to control the slope deformation and maintain its safety during mining operation.
Secondly, a 3D model is established, which make some simplification to the slope geology and is used to analyze the efficiency of the iron-ore retaining wall and the effects of different mining sequence by FLAC-3D code. Results demonstrate that the wall can reduce the slope deformation for at least one order and effectively shrink the extent of yield zones.
Thirdly, The effect of subground water is analyzed by FLAC-3D code. Results show that subground water level will greatly influence the deformation and stability of the fault zone. As the water level rises, the deformation will increase gradually and the extent of yield zones expands. However, under sufficient drainage condition the wall can effectively control the slope deformation and stability, being favorable for the hanging wall ore retraction.
Fourthly, deformation monitoring is executed during mining operation. Based on the feedback of the monitored deformation, mining technique and measure are adjusted to make the mining operation continue safely. When the mining work is completed, a deformation of nearly 10m happens in the slope. However the retaining wall remains unbroken, effectively holding back the landslide.
1、综述了露天矿山边坡稳定和挂帮矿开采技术的研究现状,分析了本课题挂帮矿的开采方式及面临的问题。根据边坡工程地质调查成果和对历史资料分析,提出了利用强度较高、完整性较好的铁矿石作为挡墙控制边坡变形,维持边坡稳定的开采方案。
2、在对边坡地质条件进行简化的基础上建立了边坡稳定分析的三维模型,用FLAC-3D分析矿石挡墙的作用及不同开采顺序的影响。计算表明保留矿石挡墙的方案比不留时位移有量级的减小,塑性区范围也有显著缩小。
3、借助FLAC-3D分析地下水对边坡的影响,计算表明断层破碎带受地水位的影响较明显,随着水位的不断升高,位移逐渐增大,塑性区范围不断扩展。同时也显示在适当的排水条件下,矿石挡墙能够控制边坡变形与稳定,有利于挂帮矿资源的安全回收。
4、在开采期间同步进行变形监测,通过分析边坡变形监测资料,及时调整开采工艺和安全开采措施,使开采作业顺利进行。回采结束时虽然边坡变形量较大,但矿石挡土墙依然屹立,有效的阻止了大规模滑坡的发生。
Xiangbishang open pit of Daye Iron Mine has already closed and the ore outside its pit limit will be mined by underground method. In order to facilitate the smooth transfer from open pit mining to underground mining, hanging-wall ore was planned to be mined by open pit. A landslide once happened in the North Slope of the pit, whether the slide will be reactivated and how to prevent possible safety problems are problems having to be solved during hanging-wall ore mining. Considering the short term of mining operation, it’s irrational to make systematic reinforcement to the slope. So how to predict the slope safety correctly and how to maintain the safety of human and facilities when the slope is not sufficiently safe are key to the success of hanging-wall ore retraction. In this dissertation, a measure is suggested, which uses high-quality iron ore as retaining wall to control the slope deformation and to maintain its stability. Flac-3D is employed to analyze the problem and verify the feasibility of the measure.
Firstly, a state of art review is made on the open pit mine slope stability and hanging-wall ore mining techniques. Possible mining schemes and their potential problems are analyzed. Based on the geological investigation of the slope and the analysis of its historical landslide event, a measure is proposed, using the intact, high-quality iron ore as retaining wall to control the slope deformation and maintain its safety during mining operation.
Secondly, a 3D model is established, which make some simplification to the slope geology and is used to analyze the efficiency of the iron-ore retaining wall and the effects of different mining sequence by FLAC-3D code. Results demonstrate that the wall can reduce the slope deformation for at least one order and effectively shrink the extent of yield zones.
Thirdly, The effect of subground water is analyzed by FLAC-3D code. Results show that subground water level will greatly influence the deformation and stability of the fault zone. As the water level rises, the deformation will increase gradually and the extent of yield zones expands. However, under sufficient drainage condition the wall can effectively control the slope deformation and stability, being favorable for the hanging wall ore retraction.
Fourthly, deformation monitoring is executed during mining operation. Based on the feedback of the monitored deformation, mining technique and measure are adjusted to make the mining operation continue safely. When the mining work is completed, a deformation of nearly 10m happens in the slope. However the retaining wall remains unbroken, effectively holding back the landslide.
引文
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3 孙玉科,姚宝魁,许兵,矿山边坡稳定性研究的回顾与展望[J],工程地质学报,1998.12,6(8):305～312
4 E.Hoek,J.W.Bray 著,卢世宗等译,岩石边坡工程[M],冶金工业出版社,1983.5
5 加拿大矿物和能源技术中心,祝玉学等译,边坡工程手册上、下册[M],北京:冶金工业出版社,1984
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12 Janbu.N.,Slope Stability Computations,Soil Mech. and Found. Engrg. Rep. ,The Technical University of Norway,Trondhiem,Norway ,1968
13 杨庚字,土坡稳定分析中条分法的解析计算[J].力学与实践,1995(2)
14 陆亦庄,土坡稳定分析瑞典法最危险圆弧圆心位置的探讨[J],路基工程,1997(2)
15 张雄,边坡稳定性分析的改进条分法[J],岩土工程学报,1994(3)
16 曹文贵,颜荣贵,边坡非圆临界滑面确定之动态规划法研究[J],岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(4):320～328
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