掺铥光纤激光器的理论探索研究
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摘要
二十世纪后半期有两个时间段是光纤激光器发展的重要阶段,一个是六十年代稍晚于第一台激光器提出光纤激光器,另外于八十年代针对增益介质所设计的双包层结构。从此,光纤激光器进入发展的快速期,应用在诸多领域。该文主要从理论对输出2μm和1.47μm两个波段的掺TM3+光纤激光器进行讨论。这两波段的激光都是属于人眼安全的波长,具有良好的应用价值。光纤激光器具有效率高,光束质量好,体积紧凑,易于集成,散热性好等优点,在材料处理、医疗、目标指示、激光测距等领域有重要应用。所做主要的工作如下：
1.首先对根本原理进行讨论,包括线形腔的结构分类：用二色镜和光纤光栅做腔镜；另一类是环形腔理论。对双包层的结构加以研究,分析其优点。详细讲解端面泵浦和侧面泵浦。
2.以速率方程以及传输方程为对象,对793nm泵浦的掺Tm3+光纤激光器进行理论研究,用解析解方法求出光纤中泵浦光与激光的传输,输出功率、阈值功率以及斜率效率的表达式。利用仿真软件,模拟泵浦光和激光在光纤中的分布,光纤长度、腔镜反射率、光纤损耗、截面和掺杂浓度等对输出功率和阈值功率的影响。
3.同样,在已有的理论基础上,对1064nm泵浦的掺Tm3+光纤激光器进行进一步的理论研究。只是这里在速率方程的解法不同,在给出边界条件后,利用龙格-库塔法,理论模拟仿真泵浦光和激光在光纤中的分布以及掺杂浓度对输出功率的影响。
During the second half of20th century, there are two periods that are very important stages in the development of fiber lasers. In1960s, the fiber laser was demonstrated by scientists later than lasers; the researchers designed the double cladding structure for the fiber instead of single cladding fiber. Then fiber lasers had a rapid development period, and applied in many fields. Comparing with traditional solider lasers, fiber lasers have large advantages of high efficiency, good beam quality, compact size, ease of integration and good heat dissipation. So fiber lasers are used in the fields of materials processing, medical treatment, target designation, laser ranging, etc. In this article, two main pumping methods are discussed in theory including the thulium-doped fiber lasers which operate at2μm and1.47μm. The wavelengths of two lasers belong to the wavelength range of human eye safety, and have good value of the application. The main work of my article is done as follows:
1. First of all, the fundamental principles and knowledge of fiber lasers are introduced and discussed. The linear cavity structure classifications include two types whose resonators are composed by dichroscope and fiber Bragg grating, separately. Then the theory of annular resonator is discussed. The structure and theory of double cladding fiber is researched, and analysis the advantages of the structure of annular resonator. Two types of pumping including end-pump and side-pump are detailed and researched.
2. According to the rate equations and transmission equations, we research and analysis the theory of the fiber laser pumped at793nm. The expressions are worked out including pump light and laser transmission in the optical fiber, the out power, the threshold power and slope efficiency by taking advantage of the way of analytical solution. Then, the distribution of pump light and laser in the optical fiber, the length of fiber, reflectivity of cavity mirrors, optical fiber loss, cross section of the fiber and the doping concentration are simulated using the simulation software(MATLAB).
3. At the same time, on the basis of existing theory, the Tm3+-doped fiber laser pumping at1064nm is researched further. Here the rate equations are different with the equations mentioned previously. When the boundary conditions are given, the theory simulation about pump and laser in the optical fiber and the influence of the out power and doping concentration are simulated by the way of Runge-Kutta using MATLAB.
1.首先对根本原理进行讨论,包括线形腔的结构分类：用二色镜和光纤光栅做腔镜；另一类是环形腔理论。对双包层的结构加以研究,分析其优点。详细讲解端面泵浦和侧面泵浦。
2.以速率方程以及传输方程为对象,对793nm泵浦的掺Tm3+光纤激光器进行理论研究,用解析解方法求出光纤中泵浦光与激光的传输,输出功率、阈值功率以及斜率效率的表达式。利用仿真软件,模拟泵浦光和激光在光纤中的分布,光纤长度、腔镜反射率、光纤损耗、截面和掺杂浓度等对输出功率和阈值功率的影响。
3.同样,在已有的理论基础上,对1064nm泵浦的掺Tm3+光纤激光器进行进一步的理论研究。只是这里在速率方程的解法不同,在给出边界条件后,利用龙格-库塔法,理论模拟仿真泵浦光和激光在光纤中的分布以及掺杂浓度对输出功率的影响。
During the second half of20th century, there are two periods that are very important stages in the development of fiber lasers. In1960s, the fiber laser was demonstrated by scientists later than lasers; the researchers designed the double cladding structure for the fiber instead of single cladding fiber. Then fiber lasers had a rapid development period, and applied in many fields. Comparing with traditional solider lasers, fiber lasers have large advantages of high efficiency, good beam quality, compact size, ease of integration and good heat dissipation. So fiber lasers are used in the fields of materials processing, medical treatment, target designation, laser ranging, etc. In this article, two main pumping methods are discussed in theory including the thulium-doped fiber lasers which operate at2μm and1.47μm. The wavelengths of two lasers belong to the wavelength range of human eye safety, and have good value of the application. The main work of my article is done as follows:
1. First of all, the fundamental principles and knowledge of fiber lasers are introduced and discussed. The linear cavity structure classifications include two types whose resonators are composed by dichroscope and fiber Bragg grating, separately. Then the theory of annular resonator is discussed. The structure and theory of double cladding fiber is researched, and analysis the advantages of the structure of annular resonator. Two types of pumping including end-pump and side-pump are detailed and researched.
2. According to the rate equations and transmission equations, we research and analysis the theory of the fiber laser pumped at793nm. The expressions are worked out including pump light and laser transmission in the optical fiber, the out power, the threshold power and slope efficiency by taking advantage of the way of analytical solution. Then, the distribution of pump light and laser in the optical fiber, the length of fiber, reflectivity of cavity mirrors, optical fiber loss, cross section of the fiber and the doping concentration are simulated using the simulation software(MATLAB).
3. At the same time, on the basis of existing theory, the Tm3+-doped fiber laser pumping at1064nm is researched further. Here the rate equations are different with the equations mentioned previously. When the boundary conditions are given, the theory simulation about pump and laser in the optical fiber and the influence of the out power and doping concentration are simulated by the way of Runge-Kutta using MATLAB.
引文
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[34]张俊.高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器的理论与实验研究[D].[硕士学位论文].国防科学技术大学,2006.
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[37]稽叶楠.掺铥光纤激光器的实验研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学,2009.
[38]刘俊杰.掺铥光纤放大器的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学,2009.
[39]周惠.包层泵浦掺Tm3+光纤激光器及放大器的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
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[2]Martin Richardson, Timothy McComb, Vikas Sdesh. High Power Fiber Lasers and Applications to Manufacturing[J]. American Institute of Physics,2008,12-17.
[3]詹仪.掺镱双包层光纤激光器的研究[D].[学位论文].郑州大学,2007.
[4]陆宝乐.掺铥光纤激光及放大实验研究[D].[学位论文].西北大学,参考西北大学,2011.
[5]王国政.光纤激光器的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].长春光学精密机械学院,2002.
[6]R. ALLEN, L. ESTEROWITZ. CW diode pumped 2.3 u m fiber laser[J]. Appl. Phys. LETT, 1989,55(8):721-722.
[7]R.M. Percival, J.R. Williams. Highly efficient 1.064 μm upconversion pumped 1.47 μm thulium doped fluoride fiber amplifier[J]. Electronics Letters,1994,30(20):1864-1865.
[8]P.S.Golding, S.D.Jackson, P.-K. Tai, et al. Efficient high power operation of a Tm-doped silica fiber laser pumped at 1.319 μ m[J]. Optics Communication,2000,179-183.
[9]Clarkson W A, Barmes N P, TURNER P W, et al. High power cladding pumped Tm-doped silica fiber laserwith wavelength tuning from 1860 to 2090nm[J]. OPTICS LETTERS,2002, 27(22):1989-1991.
[10]Yuen H. Tsang, Daniel J. Coleman, Terence A. King. High power 1.9 μ m Tm3+ silica fiber pumped at 1.09 u m by a Yb3+ silica fiber laser[J].Optics Communications,2004,357-364.
[11]G. Frith, D. G. Lancaster, S. D. Jackson.85 W Tm3+-doped silica fiber laser[J]. ELECTRONICS LETTERS,2005,41(12).
[12]Fadi Qamar, Terence A. King. Short-pulse, high-peak-power Q-switched Tm silica fiber laser at 1.9 μ m[J]. Optics & Laser Technology,2006,38:1-7.
[13]Marc Eichhorn, Stuart D. Jackson. High-pulse-energy actively Q-switched Tm3+doped silica 2 μ m fiber laser pumped at 792nm[J].Optics Letters,2007,32(19):2780-2782.
[14]G.Androz, M.Bernier, D.Faucher, et al.2.3W single transverse mode thulium doped ZBLAN fiber laser at 1480 nm[J]. OPTICS EXPRESS,2008,16(20).
[15]Timothy S. Mccomb, R. Andrew Sims, Christina C. C. Willis, et al. High-power widely tunable thulium fiber lasers[J]. Applied Optics,2010,49(32):6236-6242.
[16]R.M.EI-Agmy and N. M. Al-Honsiny.2.31 μ m laser under up-conversion pumping at 1.064 μ m in Tm3+:ZBLAN fiber lasers[J]. ELECTRONICS LETTERS,2010,46(13).
[17]韩凯,马阎星,王小林等.高功率掺铥光纤激光的研究进展[J].激光与光电子学进展,47,101406(2010)：101406(1-10).
[18]刘东峰,杜戈果,王贤华等.掺Tm3+石英单模光纤光纤产生1.871 μ m激光的初步研究[J].中国激光,1998,25(11)：973-975.
[19]张兴宝,姚宝权,王月珠等.准四能级双掺Tm/Ho钒酸钆激光器[J].LASER TECHNOLOGY,2006,30 (2):119-122.
[20]Du Ge-guo, Li Da-jun, Zhang Min, et al. LD-pumped 6W CW Tm3+-doped silica double-cladding fiber laser[J], Chinese physics letters,2008,25(3):957-959
[21]ZHANG Yun-jun, SONG Shi-fei, TIAN Yi, et al. Ld-clad-pumped all-fiber Tm3+-doped silica fiber laser[J]. Chinese Physics Letters,2009,26(8):084211-1-3.
[22]延凤平,魏淮,傅永军等.石英基产Tm3+包层抽运光纤激光器[J].物理学报,2009,58(9)：6300-6303
[23]Tang Yu-long, Xu Lin, Yang Yi, et al. High-power gain-switched Tm3+-doped fiber laser[J]. Optics Express,2010,18(22):22964-22972.
[24]魏磊,胡学浩,韩隆等.激光二极管双端抽运Tm：YAP激光器[J].中国激光,2011,38(5)：0502005-1-5.
[25]杨丽萍,冯晓强,陆宝乐等.2μm掺铥(Tm3+)光纤激光器的实验研究[J].激光杂志,2012，33(1)：18-19.
[26]杜戈果,赵俊清,张灵聪等.掺铥双包层光纤激光器研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2012,49,020005.
[27]Y. Liu, H. R. Wang, W. H. Li.30.6 W CW Tm3+ Fiber of Laser of Seed Amplification[J]. LASER PHYSICS,2012,22 (10):1606-1609.
[28]刘江,王璞.瓦级输出全光纤结构2.0μm掺铥皮秒脉冲光纤激光器[J].CHINESE JOURNAL OF LASERS,2012,39 (8):0802004-1-4.
[29]Guo Cheng-zheng, Shen De-yuan, Long Jing-yu, et al. High-power and widely tunable Tm-doped fiber laser at 2 u m[J]. CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS,2012,091406-1-3.
[30]郭玉彬,霍佳雨.光纤激光器及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2008
[31]裴文哲.光纤激光器理论模型与数值分析研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京邮电大学,2008.
[32]任大翠,王国政.双包层光纤激光器[J].长春理工大学学报,2002,25(2)：28-29,53.
[33]孙欣欣.掺铥光纤激光器研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学,2010.
[34]张俊.高功率掺镱双包层光纤激光器的理论与实验研究[D].[硕士学位论文].国防科学技术大学,2006.
[35]姚建铨,任广军等.掺镱双包层光纤激光器及其泵浦耦合技术[J].激光杂志,2006,27(5)：1-4.
[36]陈吉欣.掺镱双包层光纤激光器研究[D].[硕士学位论文].电子科技大学.
[37]稽叶楠.掺铥光纤激光器的实验研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学,2009.
[38]刘俊杰.掺铥光纤放大器的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].北京交通大学,2009.
[39]周惠.包层泵浦掺Tm3+光纤激光器及放大器的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].哈尔滨工业大学,2008.
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