基于多平台的建材行业信息管理系统集成技术研究与应用
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摘要
近年来，网络技术的兴起使人类社会进入了信息时代。随着全球市场的逐步形成，以客户的需求为导向的商业竞争越来越激烈，对建设项目水平的要求也发生了较大的变化。建设项目由单一功能向复杂功能转变，业主由原先单纯追求低成本向追求高价值转变，使工程建设行业面临新的挑战。对于传统的工程项目，它的建设各个阶段是彼此分离的，这种信息流通不畅的管理模式已经越来越不能适应现代化工程项目建设的要求，建设项目管理模式的改革己势在必行。
大量的工程实践表明，建设项目中超投资、超工期等问题发生的主要原因是由于缺乏足够的信息沟通和共享。具体建设项目的有关信息只有实现在该项目参与各方之间、在项目管理的全过程的集成，才能满足现代项目管理的需要，提高项目管理水平。本文的主要工作内容如下：
1．研究了基于Lotus Domino／Notes平台集成文档数据库与关系数据库的关键技术：即系统安全性与权限控制、公文流转、数据一致性等，并提出相应的解决方案。在此基础上得到了办公自动化与项目管理系统的集成解决方案。
2．基于所给出的解决方案，详细分析和讨论了两系统之间数据交互的实现技术，重点论述了接口函数的实现。
3．通过Lotus代理类很好地实现了办公自动化与项目管理系统之间的集成，成功地解决了多平台环境下异构数据库集成中的若干关键问题。
4．已经成功地将办公自动化与项目管理系统的集成解决方案应用到建材行业信息管理系统中，其应用结果表明该解决方案对于建材行业信息管理是可行的。
In recent years, mankind has entered into the information times with the development of network technology. With the formation of the global market, customer demand-oriented business competition is more and more vigorous, and the level demand for construction projects has considerably changed. There is a huge conversion for projects from one single function to complex functions, the owners have changed their pursuing goals from low-cost to high-value, and make the engineering construction industry to face new challenges. For the traditional engineering projects, their construction stages are separated one another. This kind of the management model for the information flow has become increasingly unable to meet the demands of the modern engineering projects, and therefore the reform of the construction project management has become very necessary.
A great deal of engineering practices has been confirmed that there are difficulties in construction project management mainly due to the lack of enough information communication and shares, and the super investment and super time limit for a project are the main problems in construction project management. During the life cycle of the project, it is necessary to integrate the whole construction process, and improve their communication environment and realize the share of their information between all participants involved in the project. The main contents worked by the author are as follows:
1. Based on the file database and relation database of Lotus Domino/Notes, the key technical problems, such as the system security, authority control, document transmission and data consistency are studied. The corresponding solution is also presented. According to this solution, the integration of the office automation and engineering project management are realized.
2 On the basis of the solutions put forward, the technique of mutual implementation data between two systems has been discussed in detail. By means of the multi-platform, the key problem of the integration technology for heterogeneous database has been solved successfully.
3. By means of Lotus agency, the integration of the office automation and engineering project management is realized, and also under the multi-platform environment the integration technology of the different databases is solved successfully.
4. The integration system of the office automation and engineering project management are applied successfully for the information management in the building material enterprises. The application results show that this solution system is feasible for the information management in the building material enterprises.
大量的工程实践表明，建设项目中超投资、超工期等问题发生的主要原因是由于缺乏足够的信息沟通和共享。具体建设项目的有关信息只有实现在该项目参与各方之间、在项目管理的全过程的集成，才能满足现代项目管理的需要，提高项目管理水平。本文的主要工作内容如下：
1．研究了基于Lotus Domino／Notes平台集成文档数据库与关系数据库的关键技术：即系统安全性与权限控制、公文流转、数据一致性等，并提出相应的解决方案。在此基础上得到了办公自动化与项目管理系统的集成解决方案。
2．基于所给出的解决方案，详细分析和讨论了两系统之间数据交互的实现技术，重点论述了接口函数的实现。
3．通过Lotus代理类很好地实现了办公自动化与项目管理系统之间的集成，成功地解决了多平台环境下异构数据库集成中的若干关键问题。
4．已经成功地将办公自动化与项目管理系统的集成解决方案应用到建材行业信息管理系统中，其应用结果表明该解决方案对于建材行业信息管理是可行的。
In recent years, mankind has entered into the information times with the development of network technology. With the formation of the global market, customer demand-oriented business competition is more and more vigorous, and the level demand for construction projects has considerably changed. There is a huge conversion for projects from one single function to complex functions, the owners have changed their pursuing goals from low-cost to high-value, and make the engineering construction industry to face new challenges. For the traditional engineering projects, their construction stages are separated one another. This kind of the management model for the information flow has become increasingly unable to meet the demands of the modern engineering projects, and therefore the reform of the construction project management has become very necessary.
A great deal of engineering practices has been confirmed that there are difficulties in construction project management mainly due to the lack of enough information communication and shares, and the super investment and super time limit for a project are the main problems in construction project management. During the life cycle of the project, it is necessary to integrate the whole construction process, and improve their communication environment and realize the share of their information between all participants involved in the project. The main contents worked by the author are as follows:
1. Based on the file database and relation database of Lotus Domino/Notes, the key technical problems, such as the system security, authority control, document transmission and data consistency are studied. The corresponding solution is also presented. According to this solution, the integration of the office automation and engineering project management are realized.
2 On the basis of the solutions put forward, the technique of mutual implementation data between two systems has been discussed in detail. By means of the multi-platform, the key problem of the integration technology for heterogeneous database has been solved successfully.
3. By means of Lotus agency, the integration of the office automation and engineering project management is realized, and also under the multi-platform environment the integration technology of the different databases is solved successfully.
4. The integration system of the office automation and engineering project management are applied successfully for the information management in the building material enterprises. The application results show that this solution system is feasible for the information management in the building material enterprises.
引文
[1] 刘伊生等。建设项目信息管理．北京：中国计量出版社，1999
[2] 卢勇。工程项目的建设过程重组．经营与管理 2005．3(15)
[3] 叶国晖。Project Extranets在大型工程项目种的应用研究．建设监理。2000(4)：53-55
[4] 王要武．工程项目信息化管理．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2005
[5] 邵彦。建设项目信息系统集成管理理论与方法研究[硕士学位论文]。武汉：武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院，2006
[6] Leen S. Kang, Boyd C. Paulson. Information Classification for Civil Engineering Projects by Uniclass. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2000.4
[7] 刘献忠等。基于web的综合信息集成系统设计。计算机与现代化，2002
[8] 王家顺、胡握光等。企业分布式信息共享和集成技术。微计算机应用，2001．22(4)
[9] Carrll W F. Management of Information Technology. Boston: body&fraser Publishing company, 2002
[10] Horton, Forestwoody. Jr. Information Resource Management[M]. EngleWood, NewJersey:Prentice-Hall,lnc. 1985
[11] Cornelius T. Leondes, Database and Data Communication Network Systems, June 2002
[12] Elisa Bertino, Development of Multilevel Secure Database Systems, University degli Studi di Milano, Italy, July 2003
[13] Netscape Corporation, The White Paper of Internet/Intranet Strategy, 1996
[14] Macario Polo, Generating three-tier applications from relational databases, Information and Software Technology, October 2002
[15] Michael O.Akinde, Efficient OLAP query Processing in distributed data warehouses, Information Systems, December 2002
[16] Wim Bakens. Construction International trends in building and construction research[J]. Journal of Engineering and Management. 1997, (6): 102-104
[17] David Taffs, Case study: Clients and Automation In Construction 6(1997) : 59-64
[18] 费奇、余明晖。信息系统集成的现状与未来。系统工程理论与实践，2001．(3)
[19] 陈明、唐国丽。现代企业信息化的发展趋势。企业研究，2002．(4)
[20] K. Tenah. Design-build Approach: an overview, cost Engineering, 2000
[21] 段志春，邓建勋。我国企业信息化建设中存在的主要问题及对策。国外建材科技，2003．24(3)：103-105
[22] Project Management Institute Knowledge. USA: Project A Guide to the Project Management Body of Management Institute, 2000
[23] Tarek Hegazy, Computer-Based Construction Project Management, Prentice Hall, 2002
[24] 谢小轩，张浩等。企业应用集成综述。计算机工程与应用，2003．(22)
[25] 陈建萍，杨勇。企业信息化建设中的管理创新。科研管理，2003．23(6)：52-58
[26] 何清华。建设项目全寿命周期集成化管理模式研究。重庆建筑大学学报，2001．08．23(4)
[27] Information classification in construction industry. ISO Technical Report: ISO/TR 14177:1994(E)
[28] Simon A. Austin, Andrew.N. Baldwin&John L. Steele, Improving building design through integrated planning and control, Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, Volume 9 Issue 3, June 2002
[29] 俞晓国，屈伟萍．建筑项目管理信息化比较研究，2002
[30] 杨林泉。管理系统工程。广州：暨南大学出版社，2004
[31] LOTUS NOTES／DOMINO R6．5 COMPLETE REFERENCE使用大全．北京希望电子出版社，2005
[32] 顾健。办公信息系统中文档数据库与关系数据库集成的技术研究[硕士学位论文]。苏州：苏州大学计算机应用技术学院，2003
[33] 郑若忠等。数据库原理．国防科技大学出版社，1998a
[34] Silberschatz A, Korth H F Sudarshan S. Database System Concepts (third edition). New York: McGraw-Hill,1999. 3-5,418-424.
[35] 陈跃国。电子政务数据集成系统的建模与实现[硕士学位论文]。北京：清华大学自动化系，2004
[36] Lenzerini M. Data Integration: A Theoretical Perspective. ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT -SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, PODS 2002. 233-246.
[37] 周龙骤。分布式数据库管理系统实现技术．中国科技大学出版社，1998．1156
[38] 朱钟杰、吴克忠、马慕周、张嘉棠。2001办公自动化国际学术研讨会论文集。电子工业出版社，2001
[39] 李军强。基于Domino架构下的办公自动化系统设计与实现[硕士学位论文]。武汉：武汉大学软件工程专业，2004
[40] 陈江东。办公自动化系统的系统分析。计算机系统应用，1998
[41] 文翰，武坤。基于Lotus Domino／Notes网络办公系统的研究。电脑开发与应用，2003
[42] 余铁军，陈根才。在Lotus Notes中访问关系型数据库。计算机系统应用，1998(12)
[43] 萨师煊，王珊。数据库系统概论。高等教育出版社，2002，1-460
[44] Anon. Total integration: Manufacturing's Salvation. Manufacturing Computer Solutions:V6 n10 Nov 2000.6.8
[45] Thomas Kern, Jeroen Kreijger, Leslie Willcocks. Exploring ASP as sourcing strategy: theoretical perspectives, positions for practice. Journals of Strategic Information Systems, 2002.11
[46] 林世勇，齐建军等。基于ASP的分布式项目管理系统的研究与实现。现代制造工程，2003．5
[47] 潘丽丽。通过LSDO实现lotus Notes与SOL Server接口。计算机应用研究，2002．3 139-160
[48] Matthias Wiesmann. Database Replication Techniques:a Three Parameter Classification. IEEE 2000.
[49] 李超。多平台异构数据库复制技术研究[硕士学位论文]。合肥工业大学计算机软件与理论专业，2006
[50] 刘文斌，陈涛。建筑施工企业信息管理集成系统简介。计算机应用，2002(4)
[51] 李蔚等。工程项目集成管理及其软件系统。建筑经济，2004
[52] 李树海。项目管理中如何协调质量、进度、成本的关系。内蒙古科技与经济。2003：3
[53] 白思俊。现代项目管理。北京：机械工业出版社，2002年
[2] 卢勇。工程项目的建设过程重组．经营与管理 2005．3(15)
[3] 叶国晖。Project Extranets在大型工程项目种的应用研究．建设监理。2000(4)：53-55
[4] 王要武．工程项目信息化管理．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，2005
[5] 邵彦。建设项目信息系统集成管理理论与方法研究[硕士学位论文]。武汉：武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院，2006
[6] Leen S. Kang, Boyd C. Paulson. Information Classification for Civil Engineering Projects by Uniclass. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2000.4
[7] 刘献忠等。基于web的综合信息集成系统设计。计算机与现代化，2002
[8] 王家顺、胡握光等。企业分布式信息共享和集成技术。微计算机应用，2001．22(4)
[9] Carrll W F. Management of Information Technology. Boston: body&fraser Publishing company, 2002
[10] Horton, Forestwoody. Jr. Information Resource Management[M]. EngleWood, NewJersey:Prentice-Hall,lnc. 1985
[11] Cornelius T. Leondes, Database and Data Communication Network Systems, June 2002
[12] Elisa Bertino, Development of Multilevel Secure Database Systems, University degli Studi di Milano, Italy, July 2003
[13] Netscape Corporation, The White Paper of Internet/Intranet Strategy, 1996
[14] Macario Polo, Generating three-tier applications from relational databases, Information and Software Technology, October 2002
[15] Michael O.Akinde, Efficient OLAP query Processing in distributed data warehouses, Information Systems, December 2002
[16] Wim Bakens. Construction International trends in building and construction research[J]. Journal of Engineering and Management. 1997, (6): 102-104
[17] David Taffs, Case study: Clients and Automation In Construction 6(1997) : 59-64
[18] 费奇、余明晖。信息系统集成的现状与未来。系统工程理论与实践，2001．(3)
[19] 陈明、唐国丽。现代企业信息化的发展趋势。企业研究，2002．(4)
[20] K. Tenah. Design-build Approach: an overview, cost Engineering, 2000
[21] 段志春，邓建勋。我国企业信息化建设中存在的主要问题及对策。国外建材科技，2003．24(3)：103-105
[22] Project Management Institute Knowledge. USA: Project A Guide to the Project Management Body of Management Institute, 2000
[23] Tarek Hegazy, Computer-Based Construction Project Management, Prentice Hall, 2002
[24] 谢小轩，张浩等。企业应用集成综述。计算机工程与应用，2003．(22)
[25] 陈建萍，杨勇。企业信息化建设中的管理创新。科研管理，2003．23(6)：52-58
[26] 何清华。建设项目全寿命周期集成化管理模式研究。重庆建筑大学学报，2001．08．23(4)
[27] Information classification in construction industry. ISO Technical Report: ISO/TR 14177:1994(E)
[28] Simon A. Austin, Andrew.N. Baldwin&John L. Steele, Improving building design through integrated planning and control, Engineering Construction and Architectural Management, Volume 9 Issue 3, June 2002
[29] 俞晓国，屈伟萍．建筑项目管理信息化比较研究，2002
[30] 杨林泉。管理系统工程。广州：暨南大学出版社，2004
[31] LOTUS NOTES／DOMINO R6．5 COMPLETE REFERENCE使用大全．北京希望电子出版社，2005
[32] 顾健。办公信息系统中文档数据库与关系数据库集成的技术研究[硕士学位论文]。苏州：苏州大学计算机应用技术学院，2003
[33] 郑若忠等。数据库原理．国防科技大学出版社，1998a
[34] Silberschatz A, Korth H F Sudarshan S. Database System Concepts (third edition). New York: McGraw-Hill,1999. 3-5,418-424.
[35] 陈跃国。电子政务数据集成系统的建模与实现[硕士学位论文]。北京：清华大学自动化系，2004
[36] Lenzerini M. Data Integration: A Theoretical Perspective. ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT -SIGART Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, PODS 2002. 233-246.
[37] 周龙骤。分布式数据库管理系统实现技术．中国科技大学出版社，1998．1156
[38] 朱钟杰、吴克忠、马慕周、张嘉棠。2001办公自动化国际学术研讨会论文集。电子工业出版社，2001
[39] 李军强。基于Domino架构下的办公自动化系统设计与实现[硕士学位论文]。武汉：武汉大学软件工程专业，2004
[40] 陈江东。办公自动化系统的系统分析。计算机系统应用，1998
[41] 文翰，武坤。基于Lotus Domino／Notes网络办公系统的研究。电脑开发与应用，2003
[42] 余铁军，陈根才。在Lotus Notes中访问关系型数据库。计算机系统应用，1998(12)
[43] 萨师煊，王珊。数据库系统概论。高等教育出版社，2002，1-460
[44] Anon. Total integration: Manufacturing's Salvation. Manufacturing Computer Solutions:V6 n10 Nov 2000.6.8
[45] Thomas Kern, Jeroen Kreijger, Leslie Willcocks. Exploring ASP as sourcing strategy: theoretical perspectives, positions for practice. Journals of Strategic Information Systems, 2002.11
[46] 林世勇，齐建军等。基于ASP的分布式项目管理系统的研究与实现。现代制造工程，2003．5
[47] 潘丽丽。通过LSDO实现lotus Notes与SOL Server接口。计算机应用研究，2002．3 139-160
[48] Matthias Wiesmann. Database Replication Techniques:a Three Parameter Classification. IEEE 2000.
[49] 李超。多平台异构数据库复制技术研究[硕士学位论文]。合肥工业大学计算机软件与理论专业，2006
[50] 刘文斌，陈涛。建筑施工企业信息管理集成系统简介。计算机应用，2002(4)
[51] 李蔚等。工程项目集成管理及其软件系统。建筑经济，2004
[52] 李树海。项目管理中如何协调质量、进度、成本的关系。内蒙古科技与经济。2003：3
[53] 白思俊。现代项目管理。北京：机械工业出版社，2002年