小额贷款公司运营及风险管理研究
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摘要
对小额贷款公司运营及经营风险管理的研究具有很重要的理论和现实意义。本文以我国小额贷款公司的运营及风险管理为研究对象,并寻求小额贷款公司可持续发展所需的制度和法律环境。
本文首先对小额信贷的相关文献进行梳理,搭建本文的理论框架,其次通过对小额机构的国际比较,探索可资借鉴的国外成熟发展经验。同时,针对国内小额贷款公司运营的现状进行了分析,指出小额贷款公司的运营不同于普通的工商企业和银行等金融机构,有着自身独特的经营模式。正式此种独特的经营模式,使小额贷款公司用着其其特殊的风险。而对各种风险的防范是小额贷款公司持续经营的前提。本文对如何防范风险发生提出了一系列成熟的制度安排,并希望通过建立风险预警机制,加强风险识别,加大风险补偿力度等多角度化解小额贷款公司风险。最后则对小额贷款公司持续经营所需要的宏观和微观条件进行了总结,并提出了合理化建议。
本文在研究中采用了比较分析法、实证分析和规范分析法相结合、理论与实际相结合、宏观分析方法和微观分析相结合等多种分析方法。通过进行宏观和微观分析,多角度多侧面的分析问题,力图构建一个全景式的小额贷款公司分析蓝图,并为我们寻求解决问题之道提供便利。
通过对小额贷款公司运营的各项外部环境着手分析,有利于从根源上把握小额贷款公司运营中存在的各项问题,并针对性地提出解决方案；通过本文的努力,力争搭建一个有利于小额贷款公司发展的风险管理框架,为未来小额贷款公司的健康运行打下基础；在探索小额贷款公司的发展经验和问题的基础上,为小额贷款公司的可持续发展提供有益的建议,有利于小额贷款在四川本土的拓展,并推动当地经济的发展。
Research on the Operations and Risk Management of Small-loan Company has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, The author seeks sustainable development micro-loan companies necessary institutional and legal environment.
Firstly, the literature on microcredit to sort out and build this theoretical framework, followed by small institutions through international comparison, to explore foreign countries can learn from the experience of mature development. Meanwhile, small loan companies for the domestic operations the status of the analysis, small loan company is different from the ordinary operation of business enterprises and banks and other financial institutions which has its own unique business model. This unique business model is official, so small loan companies have to face its special risks. The variety of micro-credit risk prevention is the premise of going concerned. How to guard against the risk of occurrence of this article has made a series of sophisticated institutional arrangements, and wanted to establish a risk warning mechanism, improved risk identification, risk compensation, increased multi-angle and intensity to resolve small loan company risk. Finally, the small loans needed continuing operations macro and micro conditions are summarized, and made some reasonable suggestions.
This article used the study of comparative analysis, empirical analysis and normative sub-combination, a combination of theory and practice, macro and micro analysis method combining multiple analysis methods. Through the macro and micro analysis, multi-angle multi-dimensional analysis of the problem, we try to build a panoramic view of the small loan company analysis blueprint, and seek to facilitate the way to solve the problem.
Operations on small loan company proceeding with an analysis of the external environment is conducive to grasp the root causes of existing small loan companies operating in the issues and put forward solutions; Through this effort, and we strive to build a conducive to the development of micro-credit risk management framework for the company, small loan companies for the future lay the foundation for the healthy operation; in exploring the development of small loan companies, based on experience and issues for the sustainable development of small loan companies provide a useful suggested that small loans are beneficial to local development in Sichuan and promote local economic development.
本文首先对小额信贷的相关文献进行梳理,搭建本文的理论框架,其次通过对小额机构的国际比较,探索可资借鉴的国外成熟发展经验。同时,针对国内小额贷款公司运营的现状进行了分析,指出小额贷款公司的运营不同于普通的工商企业和银行等金融机构,有着自身独特的经营模式。正式此种独特的经营模式,使小额贷款公司用着其其特殊的风险。而对各种风险的防范是小额贷款公司持续经营的前提。本文对如何防范风险发生提出了一系列成熟的制度安排,并希望通过建立风险预警机制,加强风险识别,加大风险补偿力度等多角度化解小额贷款公司风险。最后则对小额贷款公司持续经营所需要的宏观和微观条件进行了总结,并提出了合理化建议。
本文在研究中采用了比较分析法、实证分析和规范分析法相结合、理论与实际相结合、宏观分析方法和微观分析相结合等多种分析方法。通过进行宏观和微观分析,多角度多侧面的分析问题,力图构建一个全景式的小额贷款公司分析蓝图,并为我们寻求解决问题之道提供便利。
通过对小额贷款公司运营的各项外部环境着手分析,有利于从根源上把握小额贷款公司运营中存在的各项问题,并针对性地提出解决方案；通过本文的努力,力争搭建一个有利于小额贷款公司发展的风险管理框架,为未来小额贷款公司的健康运行打下基础；在探索小额贷款公司的发展经验和问题的基础上,为小额贷款公司的可持续发展提供有益的建议,有利于小额贷款在四川本土的拓展,并推动当地经济的发展。
Research on the Operations and Risk Management of Small-loan Company has important theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, The author seeks sustainable development micro-loan companies necessary institutional and legal environment.
Firstly, the literature on microcredit to sort out and build this theoretical framework, followed by small institutions through international comparison, to explore foreign countries can learn from the experience of mature development. Meanwhile, small loan companies for the domestic operations the status of the analysis, small loan company is different from the ordinary operation of business enterprises and banks and other financial institutions which has its own unique business model. This unique business model is official, so small loan companies have to face its special risks. The variety of micro-credit risk prevention is the premise of going concerned. How to guard against the risk of occurrence of this article has made a series of sophisticated institutional arrangements, and wanted to establish a risk warning mechanism, improved risk identification, risk compensation, increased multi-angle and intensity to resolve small loan company risk. Finally, the small loans needed continuing operations macro and micro conditions are summarized, and made some reasonable suggestions.
This article used the study of comparative analysis, empirical analysis and normative sub-combination, a combination of theory and practice, macro and micro analysis method combining multiple analysis methods. Through the macro and micro analysis, multi-angle multi-dimensional analysis of the problem, we try to build a panoramic view of the small loan company analysis blueprint, and seek to facilitate the way to solve the problem.
Operations on small loan company proceeding with an analysis of the external environment is conducive to grasp the root causes of existing small loan companies operating in the issues and put forward solutions; Through this effort, and we strive to build a conducive to the development of micro-credit risk management framework for the company, small loan companies for the future lay the foundation for the healthy operation; in exploring the development of small loan companies, based on experience and issues for the sustainable development of small loan companies provide a useful suggested that small loans are beneficial to local development in Sichuan and promote local economic development.
引文
2 CGAP.CGAP Phase Ⅲ Strategy:Building Financial Systems that Work for the Poor[Z]. Washington, DC:World Bank.2004
3 Yaron. Jacob. Successful Rural Finance Institutions[J]. World Bank Discussi on Papers No.150.1992
4 Rhyne, ntermediate E. The New World of Microenterprise Finance [M].London:Technology Publications,1994
5杨大楷；郭春红；；小额信贷可持续发展：困境与出路[J]；上海金融；2007年03期
6苏彤,郑红生.农村小额信贷业商业化的进程,条件及对策[J].《海南金融》.2008年第3期.
1.刘泽双、王广宇、段晓亮,小额贷款风险影响因素关系结构分析,金融发展研究,2009(12)
2.董静、郑朝阳,小额贷款公司“双赢”道路探索,经济界
3.李修平,“只贷不存”小额贷款公司的风险及对策,当代经济(下半月),2009(2)
4.胡战勇、谢华模,小额贷款公司的运作制度缺陷与政策修正,武汉金融,2009(4)
5.乔安娜·雷格伍德：小额金融信贷手册[M].中华工商联合出版社2000
6.邢早忠,小额贷款公司可持续发展问题研究,上海金融,2009(11)
7.李文政、唐羽,国内外小额信贷理论与实践研究综述,金融经济
8.刘一鸣,中国小额贷款公司制度设计与持续性发展的思考,西部金融,2009(12)
9.李刚,我国小额信贷监管法律问题研究,华侨大学,硕士学位论文,2008
10. Tankha, Ajay. Self-Help Groups as Financial Intermediaries in India: Cost of promotion, Sustainability, and Impact[Z].2002.
11. Morduch. The Micro-finance Schism[Z]. Harvard University Department of Economies Draft.1997a.
12. Christen, R. P., Rhyne, E.和 Vogel, R. C. Maximizing the Outreach of Micro-enterprise Finance:The Emerging Lessons of Successful Programs. Arlington VA:MCC.draft.1994.
13. Robert Cull, Jonathan Morduch. Financial Performance and Outreach: a Global Analysis of Leading Microbanks [J].The Economic Journal, 2007, (117):107-133.
14. Woller Gary. From Market failure to Marketing failure: Market-orientation As the Key to Deep Outreach in Microfinance[J]. Journal of international Development,2002, (14):305-324.
15. Imran Matin, David Hulme, Rutherford. Financial for the Poor:From Microredit toMicro financial services[J]. Journal of International Development,2002:273-294.
16. Khandker B. an Analysis of the Issues in Rural Finance in Bangladesh[R], Final report,mimeo. Asian Development Bank and The World Bank.1995.
3 Yaron. Jacob. Successful Rural Finance Institutions[J]. World Bank Discussi on Papers No.150.1992
4 Rhyne, ntermediate E. The New World of Microenterprise Finance [M].London:Technology Publications,1994
5杨大楷；郭春红；；小额信贷可持续发展：困境与出路[J]；上海金融；2007年03期
6苏彤,郑红生.农村小额信贷业商业化的进程,条件及对策[J].《海南金融》.2008年第3期.
1.刘泽双、王广宇、段晓亮,小额贷款风险影响因素关系结构分析,金融发展研究,2009(12)
2.董静、郑朝阳,小额贷款公司“双赢”道路探索,经济界
3.李修平,“只贷不存”小额贷款公司的风险及对策,当代经济(下半月),2009(2)
4.胡战勇、谢华模,小额贷款公司的运作制度缺陷与政策修正,武汉金融,2009(4)
5.乔安娜·雷格伍德：小额金融信贷手册[M].中华工商联合出版社2000
6.邢早忠,小额贷款公司可持续发展问题研究,上海金融,2009(11)
7.李文政、唐羽,国内外小额信贷理论与实践研究综述,金融经济
8.刘一鸣,中国小额贷款公司制度设计与持续性发展的思考,西部金融,2009(12)
9.李刚,我国小额信贷监管法律问题研究,华侨大学,硕士学位论文,2008
10. Tankha, Ajay. Self-Help Groups as Financial Intermediaries in India: Cost of promotion, Sustainability, and Impact[Z].2002.
11. Morduch. The Micro-finance Schism[Z]. Harvard University Department of Economies Draft.1997a.
12. Christen, R. P., Rhyne, E.和 Vogel, R. C. Maximizing the Outreach of Micro-enterprise Finance:The Emerging Lessons of Successful Programs. Arlington VA:MCC.draft.1994.
13. Robert Cull, Jonathan Morduch. Financial Performance and Outreach: a Global Analysis of Leading Microbanks [J].The Economic Journal, 2007, (117):107-133.
14. Woller Gary. From Market failure to Marketing failure: Market-orientation As the Key to Deep Outreach in Microfinance[J]. Journal of international Development,2002, (14):305-324.
15. Imran Matin, David Hulme, Rutherford. Financial for the Poor:From Microredit toMicro financial services[J]. Journal of International Development,2002:273-294.
16. Khandker B. an Analysis of the Issues in Rural Finance in Bangladesh[R], Final report,mimeo. Asian Development Bank and The World Bank.1995.