中国情景喜剧《武林外传》中的幽默分析
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摘要
自情景喜剧《武林外传》于2006年在中央电视台第8频道开播以来,就受到了中国观众的广泛欢迎,尤其是受到了年轻人的追捧。其幽默的台词,个性十足的人物以及后现代风格的表演形式赢得了文学、大众传播学、语言学等其它学科领域学者的广泛关注。而涉及到相关的语言学研究,大多数都是就《武林外传》中语言特点在期刊上发表一些评论和文章,而从违反合作原则的角度对该部情景喜剧的幽默产生机制的深入研究并不多见,对其幽默的研究更没有采取定性与定量相结合的方法。
在此情况下,本文旨在从违反合作原则四个准则的角度对情景喜剧《武林外传》中的幽默产生机制进行深入和系统的分析,并采取定性与定量相结合的研究方法。定量研究是为了体现出在违反合作原则的过程中,各个准则的违反频率以及其所占据的比例。定性研究是为了分析《武林外传》中的幽默是如何通过违反四个准则而产生的。
经过作者细致的分析,可以得出以下三个结论。第一,合作原则的违反在情景喜剧《武林外传》的幽默产生过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用。第二,在合作原则的四个准则中,质的准则,量的准则,关系准则,方式的准则都对幽默语言起了重要作用,其中,违反频率最高的是质的原则,接下来是关系准则和量的准则。在违反质的准则中,运用了大量的修辞手法,如夸张,讽刺等。违反频率最低的是方式准则。第三,就量的原则的次准则来说,《武林外传》中的幽默语言大多违反了量的第二次准则。在剧中,有许多引人发笑的广告,这些广告正是通过人物提供多余的信息来实现的。
本文的研究可能提供一些实践意义。从实际应用的意义来说,本研究为从合作原则的角度研究其它语言现象给予一些启示。
The Chinese sitcom My Own Swordsman, since its first debut on CCTV-8 in 2006, has been welcomed by audience especially the young people in China. Its humorous lines, special characters, and post-modern type performance grasp the attention of the scholars from all kinds of fields like Literature, Mass Media especially the Linguistic field. With regard to the linguistic field, it is found that most of the researches on this sitcom are usually reviews or articles in the periodical from the perspective of linguistic features. There is not much insightful investigation into the humorous mechanism in My Own Swordsman from the perspective Cooperative Principle. And few studies have been made of the humor on this sitcom by adopting the method of the quantitative research with the qualitative research together.
Under this background, the thesis just endeavors to make a thorough and systematic research on the inner mechanism of the generation of humor in Chinese sitcom My Own Swordsman from the perspective of the Cooperative Principle. The method used in this thesis is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. The quantitative research is used to show the frequency of the violating of the four maxims of CP in the sitcom; and the qualitative research is used to explore how the humor is created by violating the four maxims of CP.
After a detailed analysis, three important findings can be concluded. First, the violating of four maxims of CP plays a leading role in the generation of humor in Chinese sitcom My Own Swordsman. Second, among the four maxims, the Maxim of Quality is the most frequently violated and then comes the Maxim of Manner and the Maxim of Quantity. As for the maxim of Quality, many rhetorical devices like hyperbole and irony are employed. The maxim of the Manner is the least violated. Third, among the sub-maxims of the Maxim of Quantity, the second sub-maxim, which says "Do not make your contribution more informative than is required" is the most frequently violated than the first sub-maxim. In My Own Swordsman, there are a large number of humorous advertisements. The advertisements are produced via providing more information than is required by the characters in the sitcom.
This thesis may provide some practical implications. From the practical level, the study may give some implications on the study on other linguistic phenomena from the perspective of the Cooperative Principle.
在此情况下,本文旨在从违反合作原则四个准则的角度对情景喜剧《武林外传》中的幽默产生机制进行深入和系统的分析,并采取定性与定量相结合的研究方法。定量研究是为了体现出在违反合作原则的过程中,各个准则的违反频率以及其所占据的比例。定性研究是为了分析《武林外传》中的幽默是如何通过违反四个准则而产生的。
经过作者细致的分析,可以得出以下三个结论。第一,合作原则的违反在情景喜剧《武林外传》的幽默产生过程中发挥着举足轻重的作用。第二,在合作原则的四个准则中,质的准则,量的准则,关系准则,方式的准则都对幽默语言起了重要作用,其中,违反频率最高的是质的原则,接下来是关系准则和量的准则。在违反质的准则中,运用了大量的修辞手法,如夸张,讽刺等。违反频率最低的是方式准则。第三,就量的原则的次准则来说,《武林外传》中的幽默语言大多违反了量的第二次准则。在剧中,有许多引人发笑的广告,这些广告正是通过人物提供多余的信息来实现的。
本文的研究可能提供一些实践意义。从实际应用的意义来说,本研究为从合作原则的角度研究其它语言现象给予一些启示。
The Chinese sitcom My Own Swordsman, since its first debut on CCTV-8 in 2006, has been welcomed by audience especially the young people in China. Its humorous lines, special characters, and post-modern type performance grasp the attention of the scholars from all kinds of fields like Literature, Mass Media especially the Linguistic field. With regard to the linguistic field, it is found that most of the researches on this sitcom are usually reviews or articles in the periodical from the perspective of linguistic features. There is not much insightful investigation into the humorous mechanism in My Own Swordsman from the perspective Cooperative Principle. And few studies have been made of the humor on this sitcom by adopting the method of the quantitative research with the qualitative research together.
Under this background, the thesis just endeavors to make a thorough and systematic research on the inner mechanism of the generation of humor in Chinese sitcom My Own Swordsman from the perspective of the Cooperative Principle. The method used in this thesis is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. The quantitative research is used to show the frequency of the violating of the four maxims of CP in the sitcom; and the qualitative research is used to explore how the humor is created by violating the four maxims of CP.
After a detailed analysis, three important findings can be concluded. First, the violating of four maxims of CP plays a leading role in the generation of humor in Chinese sitcom My Own Swordsman. Second, among the four maxims, the Maxim of Quality is the most frequently violated and then comes the Maxim of Manner and the Maxim of Quantity. As for the maxim of Quality, many rhetorical devices like hyperbole and irony are employed. The maxim of the Manner is the least violated. Third, among the sub-maxims of the Maxim of Quantity, the second sub-maxim, which says "Do not make your contribution more informative than is required" is the most frequently violated than the first sub-maxim. In My Own Swordsman, there are a large number of humorous advertisements. The advertisements are produced via providing more information than is required by the characters in the sitcom.
This thesis may provide some practical implications. From the practical level, the study may give some implications on the study on other linguistic phenomena from the perspective of the Cooperative Principle.
引文
Apte, M. L. Humor and Laughter:an anthropological approach. Ithaca:Cornell University Press,1985.
Bergson, Henri. Laughter:An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. New York:Macmillan,1911.
Cutting, Joan. Pragmatics and Discourses. London:Routledge,2002.
Grice, H. P. Logic and Conversation. Beijing:Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,1975.
Jon E. Roeckelein. The Psychology of Humor. Greenwood Press.2002.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. London:Longman Group Ltd.1978.
Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2003.
Xu Lixin. A Study On Humorous Discourse. KaiFeng:HeNan University.
Yan Huang. Pragmatics. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2009.
毕凤伟,语言的大杂烩——《武林外传》的语言特色[J]。电影评介,2007,(22)。
陈媛,从违反“合作原则”和“礼貌原则”角度分析当代美国情景喜剧的幽默。硕士学位论文,内蒙古大学,2010。
陈丹丹,关联理论视角下《六人行》中幽默字幕翻译研究。硕士学位论文,四川师范大学,2010。
段满福、李满亮,《实用英语语言学》。呼和浩特：内蒙古大学出版社,2007。
樊华,从语言学视角论情景喜剧《武林外传》的言语幽默。硕士学位论文,武汉理工大学,2008。
冯小芳,接受美学视角下中国情景喜剧《家有儿女》中幽默语言的理解与接受。硕士学位论文,上海外国语大学,2008。
何兆熊,《新编语用学概要》。上海：上海外语教育出版社,2000。
胡范铸,《幽默语言学》。上海：上海社会科学院出版社,1987。
胡壮麟,《语言学教程》。北京：北京大学出版社,2006。
金立,《合作原则及其应用研究》。北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005。
蒋希伟,国产情境喜剧《我爱我家》与《武林外传》的叙事比较研究。硕士学位论文,兰州大学,2010。
吉瑞霞,尚敬情景喜剧论。硕士学位论文,山东师范大学,2008。
孔蓓蓓,从《武林外传》的台词分析幽默的构成[J]。文教资料,2007。
李恩运,情景喜剧语篇的人际意义分析。硕士学位论文,山东师范大学,2009。
童娟,从韩礼德系统功能语法考察当代英语情景喜剧《老友记》的幽默语言特点硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2006。
商品,大众娱乐时代的中国情景喜剧。硕士学位论文,南昌大学,2006。
吴清,从语言学视角论情景喜剧《武林外传》的言语幽默。硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2007。
王玉龙,《英语修辞与写作》。青岛出版社,1996。
席芳,合作原则的违反和幽默的产生：从社会语言学角度分析赵本山小品的幽默。硕士学位论文,内蒙古大学,2005。
闫广林、徐侗,《幽默理论关键词研究》。上海：学林出版社,2010。
杨斌,《电视幽默论纲》。中国广播电视出版社,1998。
周晓莉,美国情景喜剧《老友记》中的幽默分析：语篇分析法。硕士学位论文华中师范大学,2005。
张琦,调侃江湖嬉笑武林一当议《武林外传》的艺术创新[[J]。《当代电视》,2006。
张淑静,幽默的语用分析[J]。解放军外语学院学报,1998。
Some Internet Recourses:
Net.1.Humor.
http://www.answers.com/topic/humour
Net.2. Situation Comedy.
http://www.answers.com/topic/situation-comedy
Net 3:http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz
Bergson, Henri. Laughter:An Essay on the Meaning of the Comic. New York:Macmillan,1911.
Cutting, Joan. Pragmatics and Discourses. London:Routledge,2002.
Grice, H. P. Logic and Conversation. Beijing:Beijing Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,1975.
Jon E. Roeckelein. The Psychology of Humor. Greenwood Press.2002.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. London:Longman Group Ltd.1978.
Ronald Wardhaugh, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000.
The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2003.
Xu Lixin. A Study On Humorous Discourse. KaiFeng:HeNan University.
Yan Huang. Pragmatics. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2009.
毕凤伟,语言的大杂烩——《武林外传》的语言特色[J]。电影评介,2007,(22)。
陈媛,从违反“合作原则”和“礼貌原则”角度分析当代美国情景喜剧的幽默。硕士学位论文,内蒙古大学,2010。
陈丹丹,关联理论视角下《六人行》中幽默字幕翻译研究。硕士学位论文,四川师范大学,2010。
段满福、李满亮,《实用英语语言学》。呼和浩特：内蒙古大学出版社,2007。
樊华,从语言学视角论情景喜剧《武林外传》的言语幽默。硕士学位论文,武汉理工大学,2008。
冯小芳,接受美学视角下中国情景喜剧《家有儿女》中幽默语言的理解与接受。硕士学位论文,上海外国语大学,2008。
何兆熊,《新编语用学概要》。上海：上海外语教育出版社,2000。
胡范铸,《幽默语言学》。上海：上海社会科学院出版社,1987。
胡壮麟,《语言学教程》。北京：北京大学出版社,2006。
金立,《合作原则及其应用研究》。北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005。
蒋希伟,国产情境喜剧《我爱我家》与《武林外传》的叙事比较研究。硕士学位论文,兰州大学,2010。
吉瑞霞,尚敬情景喜剧论。硕士学位论文,山东师范大学,2008。
孔蓓蓓,从《武林外传》的台词分析幽默的构成[J]。文教资料,2007。
李恩运,情景喜剧语篇的人际意义分析。硕士学位论文,山东师范大学,2009。
童娟,从韩礼德系统功能语法考察当代英语情景喜剧《老友记》的幽默语言特点硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2006。
商品,大众娱乐时代的中国情景喜剧。硕士学位论文,南昌大学,2006。
吴清,从语言学视角论情景喜剧《武林外传》的言语幽默。硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2007。
王玉龙,《英语修辞与写作》。青岛出版社,1996。
席芳,合作原则的违反和幽默的产生：从社会语言学角度分析赵本山小品的幽默。硕士学位论文,内蒙古大学,2005。
闫广林、徐侗,《幽默理论关键词研究》。上海：学林出版社,2010。
杨斌,《电视幽默论纲》。中国广播电视出版社,1998。
周晓莉,美国情景喜剧《老友记》中的幽默分析：语篇分析法。硕士学位论文华中师范大学,2005。
张琦,调侃江湖嬉笑武林一当议《武林外传》的艺术创新[[J]。《当代电视》,2006。
张淑静,幽默的语用分析[J]。解放军外语学院学报,1998。
Some Internet Recourses:
Net.1.Humor.
http://www.answers.com/topic/humour
Net.2. Situation Comedy.
http://www.answers.com/topic/situation-comedy
Net 3:http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz