武汉城市圈中小企业融资机制研究
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摘要
21世纪是经济全球化的时代。经济全球化要通过区域经济发展来逐步实现,而以大城市为中心的城市圈正是促进区域经济增长的重要力量,可以说21世纪更是一个城市圈的世纪。从我国开始实施“中部崛起”战略以来,有经济学家就提出了“只有‘中原定’,才能‘天下安’的观念”。2010年3月,国务院正式批复了《武汉市城市总体规划(2010—2020年)》,进一步确立了武汉为中部地区中心城市的战略地位。武汉市由“中部地区重要中心城市”转变为“中部地区的中心城市”,反映了中部崛起“龙头”之争中国家的区域政策导向。这有利于武汉充分发挥“增长极”的作用,通过增强其金融“造血”机制及配置功能,进而以“极化扩散”效应方式带动武汉城市圈内其他城市的发展,当然这对于圈内中小企业的发展也创造了良好的政策环境和金融市场环境。
目前,正是由于武汉城市圈有这样好的经济环境,该区域内中小企业才能借助其丰富的资源,以其灵活多变的机制和具有创新活力的特点,适应不断变化的经济环境,满足人们不同层次的消费需求,成为我省经济增长的重要动力。但是,一直以来,武汉城市圈内的中小企业仍然是区域经济中的弱势群体,在资金融通、市场准入、人才引进、信息共享以及科技成果应用等方面都存在不少困难。特别是内外资金的匮乏所引致中小企业发展的“瓶颈”制约,使得中小企业在发展的过程中面临着日益严重的金融压抑。在这样的背景基础上,笔者才有了整篇论文的框架结构。本论文主要分为四章,采用“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路,以区域经济及中小企业融资的相关理论作为支撑,借助一定的数据进行比较,分析武汉城市圈中小企业存在的问题,并提出一些对策和建议。
首先,本文以武汉城市圈在全国经济增长中的重要的地位、中小企业对区域经济发展的重要性以及其受到的融资约束这三个方面为研究背景,介绍了国内外学者对城市圈及中小企业融资的相关研究动态,并指出国内外有关区域经济中小企业及其融资问题研究相对缺乏。以武汉城市圈这一特殊区域为研究范围,对其所辖范围内的中小企业融资机制的研究,不仅可以丰富有关区域经济中小企业及其融资理论,而且对武汉城市圈及中小企业的发展、政府职能调整以及为其他几大城市圈提供参照等方面具有实际意义。
其次,从武汉城市圈的概况出发,在梯度推移理论、产业集群理论及中小企业融资相关理论指导下,以中小企业的融资渠道和融资主体为对象,分析了武汉城市圈中小企业融资现状。主要从政府扶持、金融体制、中小企业自身等几个方面进行分析,试图为制定企业融资对策提供参考。
再者,本文在对武汉城市圈中小企业融资现状进行分析的基础上,认为内源融资不足、外源融资受阻是当前中小企业的真实处境。导致武汉城市圈中小企业出现融资困难的主要原因在于中小企业自身的缺陷、金融机构的管理体制及政府的支持力度不够等几个方面。
最后,在有关理论分析和数据证明的基础上,提出了构建武汉城市圈中小企业的多元化融资机制。一是必须完善中小企业的治理结构与内部控制,这是决定着企业资金来源的关键;二是完善政府服务职能,这决定着中小企业企业融资环境的优劣;三是要通过金融市场的创新来优化中小企业的融资方式和渠道;最后,还要通过产业结构的调整、区域经济的发展来促进中小企业的发展。
总之,武汉城市圈中小企业的融资问题,关系到武汉城市圈经济社会的发展和国家区域政策的实现,是一个长期要关注的问题。因此要聚集社会各个方面努力,解决好这一问题。
The 21st century is the era of economic globalization. Economic globalization can be fulfilled gradually by the development of regional economy. The city circle mainly composed of large cities plays an important role in the development of regional economy. It can be said that the 21st century is the century of a city circle. Since China began implementing the“Rise of Central China”strategy, there have been economists proposed the concept‘only the center fixed’can‘the world secure’. March 2010, the State Council officially approved the“Overall City Plan (2010-2020) of Wuhan”, and further established that wuhan is the central city of central China. Wuhan is from“an important central city of central China”to“the central city of central China”, which reflects China’s regional policy guidance in the competition of“leader”of the Rise of central China. This will help wuhan make the best of“growth pole”. By enhancing their financia“lblood”mechanism and the allocation function, and then by the“polarization diffusion”effect, we can promote the development of other cities in wuhan city circle. Of course, it can create a favorable policy environment and financial market environment for the small and medium enterprises(SMEs) in wuhan city circle.
Currently, because of the good political and economic environment in wuhan city circle, the small enterprises become an important engine of economic growth in our province due to its rich resources, flexible and innovative mechanisms as well as adapting to the changing economic environment and meeting people at different levels of consumer demand. However, for a long time the SMEs in wuhan city circle are still vulnerable groups in the regional economy. It is difficult for them to compete in financial intermediation, market access, introduction of talents, information sharing and application of scientific and technological achievements. In particular, the“bottleneck”caused by the lack of internal and external funds , makes the development of SMEs faced with increasingly severe financial repression. The thesis is divided into four chapters. By the means of“raise the problem—analyse the problem—solve the problem”, taking regional economy and the SMEs finance theory as related support, with some data, after comparing and analysing, the thesis reveals the problems of the SMEs in wuhan city circle, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.
Firstly, this paper, the research is set in the important position of wuhan city circle in the national economic growth, the importance that SMEs develop to regional economic development and its financing constraints. The paper will introduce research trends scholars abroad and home have done on city circle and SMEs financing, and point out that the theories about financing of SMEs and the regional economy are relatively lack of at home and abroad .To study the scope of this special region in wuhan city circle, SMEs within its jurisdiction the financing mechanism, not only enrich the theory of regional economic SMEs and their financing, but also develop of wuhan city circle and SMEs , adjust of government functions as well as provide a meaningful reference for several other major cities .
Secondly, the paper starting from the profile of wuhan city circle, under the guidance of the Gradient Theory, Industrial Cluster Theory and the theory of the SMEs financing, targeted to the financing channel and financing subject, analyses the financing situation of wuhan city circle. The analysis is mainly from government support, financial system, SMEs themselves, trying to provide a reference for the formulation of enterprise financing.
Thirdly, based on the analysis of the current situation of the SMEs in wuhan city circle, the paper thinks the inner source financing is insufficient and the external source financing is blocked is the real situation. The reasons lead to the financing difficulty of the SMEs in wuhan city circle are as follows: the SMEs in their own deficiencies, management system of financial institutions and inadequate government support.
Fourthly, based on the theoretical analysis and data proof, the paper proposes the diversity financing mechanism which helps to build and improve the SMEs in wuhan city circle. First, improve governance and internal control of the SMEs, which determines the key sources of corporate funds. Second, convert the functions of government services, which determines the advantages and disadvantages of SMEs financing environment. Third, optimize the financing methods and channels of the SMEs through financial market innovation. Finally, promote the development of the SMEs through industrial restructuring and regional economic development.
In short, the financing of SMEs in wuhan city circle, which is related to the economic development of wuhan city region and the national implementation of regional policy, is a long-term issue of concern. Therefore, every effort should be gathered all over the society to solve this issue.
目前,正是由于武汉城市圈有这样好的经济环境,该区域内中小企业才能借助其丰富的资源,以其灵活多变的机制和具有创新活力的特点,适应不断变化的经济环境,满足人们不同层次的消费需求,成为我省经济增长的重要动力。但是,一直以来,武汉城市圈内的中小企业仍然是区域经济中的弱势群体,在资金融通、市场准入、人才引进、信息共享以及科技成果应用等方面都存在不少困难。特别是内外资金的匮乏所引致中小企业发展的“瓶颈”制约,使得中小企业在发展的过程中面临着日益严重的金融压抑。在这样的背景基础上,笔者才有了整篇论文的框架结构。本论文主要分为四章,采用“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路,以区域经济及中小企业融资的相关理论作为支撑,借助一定的数据进行比较,分析武汉城市圈中小企业存在的问题,并提出一些对策和建议。
首先,本文以武汉城市圈在全国经济增长中的重要的地位、中小企业对区域经济发展的重要性以及其受到的融资约束这三个方面为研究背景,介绍了国内外学者对城市圈及中小企业融资的相关研究动态,并指出国内外有关区域经济中小企业及其融资问题研究相对缺乏。以武汉城市圈这一特殊区域为研究范围,对其所辖范围内的中小企业融资机制的研究,不仅可以丰富有关区域经济中小企业及其融资理论,而且对武汉城市圈及中小企业的发展、政府职能调整以及为其他几大城市圈提供参照等方面具有实际意义。
其次,从武汉城市圈的概况出发,在梯度推移理论、产业集群理论及中小企业融资相关理论指导下,以中小企业的融资渠道和融资主体为对象,分析了武汉城市圈中小企业融资现状。主要从政府扶持、金融体制、中小企业自身等几个方面进行分析,试图为制定企业融资对策提供参考。
再者,本文在对武汉城市圈中小企业融资现状进行分析的基础上,认为内源融资不足、外源融资受阻是当前中小企业的真实处境。导致武汉城市圈中小企业出现融资困难的主要原因在于中小企业自身的缺陷、金融机构的管理体制及政府的支持力度不够等几个方面。
最后,在有关理论分析和数据证明的基础上,提出了构建武汉城市圈中小企业的多元化融资机制。一是必须完善中小企业的治理结构与内部控制,这是决定着企业资金来源的关键;二是完善政府服务职能,这决定着中小企业企业融资环境的优劣;三是要通过金融市场的创新来优化中小企业的融资方式和渠道;最后,还要通过产业结构的调整、区域经济的发展来促进中小企业的发展。
总之,武汉城市圈中小企业的融资问题,关系到武汉城市圈经济社会的发展和国家区域政策的实现,是一个长期要关注的问题。因此要聚集社会各个方面努力,解决好这一问题。
The 21st century is the era of economic globalization. Economic globalization can be fulfilled gradually by the development of regional economy. The city circle mainly composed of large cities plays an important role in the development of regional economy. It can be said that the 21st century is the century of a city circle. Since China began implementing the“Rise of Central China”strategy, there have been economists proposed the concept‘only the center fixed’can‘the world secure’. March 2010, the State Council officially approved the“Overall City Plan (2010-2020) of Wuhan”, and further established that wuhan is the central city of central China. Wuhan is from“an important central city of central China”to“the central city of central China”, which reflects China’s regional policy guidance in the competition of“leader”of the Rise of central China. This will help wuhan make the best of“growth pole”. By enhancing their financia“lblood”mechanism and the allocation function, and then by the“polarization diffusion”effect, we can promote the development of other cities in wuhan city circle. Of course, it can create a favorable policy environment and financial market environment for the small and medium enterprises(SMEs) in wuhan city circle.
Currently, because of the good political and economic environment in wuhan city circle, the small enterprises become an important engine of economic growth in our province due to its rich resources, flexible and innovative mechanisms as well as adapting to the changing economic environment and meeting people at different levels of consumer demand. However, for a long time the SMEs in wuhan city circle are still vulnerable groups in the regional economy. It is difficult for them to compete in financial intermediation, market access, introduction of talents, information sharing and application of scientific and technological achievements. In particular, the“bottleneck”caused by the lack of internal and external funds , makes the development of SMEs faced with increasingly severe financial repression. The thesis is divided into four chapters. By the means of“raise the problem—analyse the problem—solve the problem”, taking regional economy and the SMEs finance theory as related support, with some data, after comparing and analysing, the thesis reveals the problems of the SMEs in wuhan city circle, and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions.
Firstly, this paper, the research is set in the important position of wuhan city circle in the national economic growth, the importance that SMEs develop to regional economic development and its financing constraints. The paper will introduce research trends scholars abroad and home have done on city circle and SMEs financing, and point out that the theories about financing of SMEs and the regional economy are relatively lack of at home and abroad .To study the scope of this special region in wuhan city circle, SMEs within its jurisdiction the financing mechanism, not only enrich the theory of regional economic SMEs and their financing, but also develop of wuhan city circle and SMEs , adjust of government functions as well as provide a meaningful reference for several other major cities .
Secondly, the paper starting from the profile of wuhan city circle, under the guidance of the Gradient Theory, Industrial Cluster Theory and the theory of the SMEs financing, targeted to the financing channel and financing subject, analyses the financing situation of wuhan city circle. The analysis is mainly from government support, financial system, SMEs themselves, trying to provide a reference for the formulation of enterprise financing.
Thirdly, based on the analysis of the current situation of the SMEs in wuhan city circle, the paper thinks the inner source financing is insufficient and the external source financing is blocked is the real situation. The reasons lead to the financing difficulty of the SMEs in wuhan city circle are as follows: the SMEs in their own deficiencies, management system of financial institutions and inadequate government support.
Fourthly, based on the theoretical analysis and data proof, the paper proposes the diversity financing mechanism which helps to build and improve the SMEs in wuhan city circle. First, improve governance and internal control of the SMEs, which determines the key sources of corporate funds. Second, convert the functions of government services, which determines the advantages and disadvantages of SMEs financing environment. Third, optimize the financing methods and channels of the SMEs through financial market innovation. Finally, promote the development of the SMEs through industrial restructuring and regional economic development.
In short, the financing of SMEs in wuhan city circle, which is related to the economic development of wuhan city region and the national implementation of regional policy, is a long-term issue of concern. Therefore, every effort should be gathered all over the society to solve this issue.
引文
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