福建省中华蜜蜂（Apis cerana cerana）种群形态遗传分析
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摘要
本文以中华蜜蜂为研究对象,用30个形态指标数据,以区分福州、武夷山和四川3个种群、鉴定种群间亲缘关系以及分析种群形态特征和探索种群形成机制为目的,研究蜜蜂种群遗传形态分析方法,并使用该方法的判别式分析、聚类分析和主成分分析寻找武夷山和福州的中蜂外部形态的遗传差异。
逐步判别分析与聚类分析联用是比较好的种群划分及亲缘关系鉴定方法,并可进行准确率检验。聚类分析中卡方距离比欧式距离等常用的距离,离差平方和法比类平均法等常用的聚类方法有更强的分辨能力。其中卡方距离与离差平方和法组合对于组间差异比较大的数据聚类效果比较理想,而欧式距离与离差平方和法对于组间差异比较小的数据聚类效果比较理想。用具有种群特征的形态指标进行主成分分析的方法,适合研究种群形态特征。
武夷山16个样点中蜂被分为3个种群:黄岗山、麻粟、西坑;桐木、江墩、关坪、桐木关、桥头;坳头、华侨、高桥、葛仙、桂林、大安、岚上、皮坑口。主成分分析共提取出两个主成分,第一主成分体现蜜蜂个体的大小,黄岗山等这一类群蜜蜂个体最大,坳头等这一类群蜜蜂个体最小,且随海拔的升高,蜜蜂个体增大。第二主成分体现了蜜蜂翅脉角的大小,桐木关等蜜蜂翅脉角最大,坳头等的蜜蜂翅脉角最小。
福州6个样点中蜂被分为4个种群:东岱;森林公园;大湖、九峰、张用新1;张用新2。两个人工选种的蜜蜂品种被区分开,个体较大。主成分分析共提取出两个主成分,第一主成分体现蜜蜂个体的大小,张用新2的蜜蜂个体最大,东岱这一类群蜜蜂个体最小,且随海拔的升高,蜜蜂个体增大。第二主成分体现了蜜蜂翅脉角的大小,东岱和张用新2的蜜蜂翅脉角最大,森林公园的蜜蜂翅脉角最小。
In order to classify populations, reveal genetic relationship between populations and morphological character of each population, and find out formation mechanism of population, morphological genetics analytical method on Apis cerana cerana population was studied using 30 morphometric variables of 3 populations from Fuzhou, Wuyi Mountain and Sichuan. Morphological genetics diversities of Wuyi Mountain and Fuzhou were measured using Stepwise Discriminate Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis.
Stepwise discriminate analysis was a good method for classification and could test the percentage of correctly classified specimen using Cross-Validation. Cluster analysis could help discriminant analysis reveal the relationship between populations. The Chi-square measure and Ward's method in Cluster analysis had more powerful discriminate ability rather than other commonly used distance and clustering method such as Euclidean distance and Between-groups linkage. A good cluster result could achieve by combining Chi-square measure and Ward's method to analysis data which had bigger interclass difference. While combining Euclidean distance and Ward's method was a good method to analysis data which had smaller interclass difference. Factor analysis was fit for morphological character analysis of each population.
Three morphoclusters were revealed among sixteen sample points of Apis cerana cerana in Wuyi Mountain, which were Huanggang Mountain, Masu, Xikeng; Tongmu, Jiandun, Guanping, Tongmuguan, Qiaotou; Aotou, Huaqiao, Gaoqiao, Gexian, Guilin, Da'an, Lanshang, Pikengkou. Principal component analysis performed on the 16 sample means yielded 2 factors with high eigenvalues. In factor 1, mainly representing size variation, the honeybees' size of Huanggang Mountain group was biggest and Aotou group was smallest. The size of honeybee increased with altitude rising. In factor 2, mainly representing wing venation angle variation, the honeybees' wing venation angles of Tongmuguan group were biggest and Aotou group were smallest.
Four morphoclusters were revealed among six sample points of Apis cerana cerana in Fuzhou, which were Dongdai; Senlin park; Dahu, Jiufeng, Zhang yongxin1; Zhang yongxin2. Two artificial selected stocks of Apis cerana cerana (Zhang yongxin1 and Zhang yongxin2) were discriminated by morphological analysis with bigger size. Principal component analysis performed on the 6 sample means yielded 2 factors with high eigenvalues. In factor 1, mainly representing size variation, the honeybees' size of Zhang yongxin2 group was biggest and Dongdai group was smallest. The size of honeybee increased with altitude rising. In factor 2, mainly representing wing venation angle variation, the honeybees' wing venation angles of Dongdai and Zhangyongxin2 group were biggest and Senlin Park group was smallest.
逐步判别分析与聚类分析联用是比较好的种群划分及亲缘关系鉴定方法,并可进行准确率检验。聚类分析中卡方距离比欧式距离等常用的距离,离差平方和法比类平均法等常用的聚类方法有更强的分辨能力。其中卡方距离与离差平方和法组合对于组间差异比较大的数据聚类效果比较理想,而欧式距离与离差平方和法对于组间差异比较小的数据聚类效果比较理想。用具有种群特征的形态指标进行主成分分析的方法,适合研究种群形态特征。
武夷山16个样点中蜂被分为3个种群:黄岗山、麻粟、西坑;桐木、江墩、关坪、桐木关、桥头;坳头、华侨、高桥、葛仙、桂林、大安、岚上、皮坑口。主成分分析共提取出两个主成分,第一主成分体现蜜蜂个体的大小,黄岗山等这一类群蜜蜂个体最大,坳头等这一类群蜜蜂个体最小,且随海拔的升高,蜜蜂个体增大。第二主成分体现了蜜蜂翅脉角的大小,桐木关等蜜蜂翅脉角最大,坳头等的蜜蜂翅脉角最小。
福州6个样点中蜂被分为4个种群:东岱;森林公园;大湖、九峰、张用新1;张用新2。两个人工选种的蜜蜂品种被区分开,个体较大。主成分分析共提取出两个主成分,第一主成分体现蜜蜂个体的大小,张用新2的蜜蜂个体最大,东岱这一类群蜜蜂个体最小,且随海拔的升高,蜜蜂个体增大。第二主成分体现了蜜蜂翅脉角的大小,东岱和张用新2的蜜蜂翅脉角最大,森林公园的蜜蜂翅脉角最小。
In order to classify populations, reveal genetic relationship between populations and morphological character of each population, and find out formation mechanism of population, morphological genetics analytical method on Apis cerana cerana population was studied using 30 morphometric variables of 3 populations from Fuzhou, Wuyi Mountain and Sichuan. Morphological genetics diversities of Wuyi Mountain and Fuzhou were measured using Stepwise Discriminate Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Principal Components Analysis.
Stepwise discriminate analysis was a good method for classification and could test the percentage of correctly classified specimen using Cross-Validation. Cluster analysis could help discriminant analysis reveal the relationship between populations. The Chi-square measure and Ward's method in Cluster analysis had more powerful discriminate ability rather than other commonly used distance and clustering method such as Euclidean distance and Between-groups linkage. A good cluster result could achieve by combining Chi-square measure and Ward's method to analysis data which had bigger interclass difference. While combining Euclidean distance and Ward's method was a good method to analysis data which had smaller interclass difference. Factor analysis was fit for morphological character analysis of each population.
Three morphoclusters were revealed among sixteen sample points of Apis cerana cerana in Wuyi Mountain, which were Huanggang Mountain, Masu, Xikeng; Tongmu, Jiandun, Guanping, Tongmuguan, Qiaotou; Aotou, Huaqiao, Gaoqiao, Gexian, Guilin, Da'an, Lanshang, Pikengkou. Principal component analysis performed on the 16 sample means yielded 2 factors with high eigenvalues. In factor 1, mainly representing size variation, the honeybees' size of Huanggang Mountain group was biggest and Aotou group was smallest. The size of honeybee increased with altitude rising. In factor 2, mainly representing wing venation angle variation, the honeybees' wing venation angles of Tongmuguan group were biggest and Aotou group were smallest.
Four morphoclusters were revealed among six sample points of Apis cerana cerana in Fuzhou, which were Dongdai; Senlin park; Dahu, Jiufeng, Zhang yongxin1; Zhang yongxin2. Two artificial selected stocks of Apis cerana cerana (Zhang yongxin1 and Zhang yongxin2) were discriminated by morphological analysis with bigger size. Principal component analysis performed on the 6 sample means yielded 2 factors with high eigenvalues. In factor 1, mainly representing size variation, the honeybees' size of Zhang yongxin2 group was biggest and Dongdai group was smallest. The size of honeybee increased with altitude rising. In factor 2, mainly representing wing venation angle variation, the honeybees' wing venation angles of Dongdai and Zhangyongxin2 group were biggest and Senlin Park group was smallest.
引文
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