基于声模态的抗性消声器的声学性能分析及设计
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摘要
噪声污染是世界上公认的三大污染之一。消声器经常被用来消减各种噪声。消声器主要分为抗性消声器、阻性消声器以及复合型消声器。本文主要研究的是抗性消声器。
消声器的声学性能中,最主要的参数是传递损失。传递损失之所以常被用来评价消声器的声学性能,主要是因为它直观反映了消声器的消声性能,消减了多少分贝的噪声。另外只要有消声器的几何参数,传递损失就可以获得,它是消声器本身固有的一种特性,不受声源的阻抗和辐射阻抗的影响,只与消声器的构造有关。
本文的主要研究内容是抗性消声器中简单扩张腔的扩张比、进出口位置、插入管、穿孔板以及其它形状的扩张腔等参数对于传递损失的影响。通过声学有限元分析软件Sysnoise的有限元分析方法得出各参数对传递损失的影响规律。声模态作为扩张腔的一个重要的声学参数,本文利用改变扩张腔的各种几何参数探究了声模态与传递损失的内在关系。从而得出一套对于给定目标频率下实现理想消声效果的方法。
本文采用有限元法和三点法结合的方式,首先在Catia中实现建模,然后利用有限元前处理软件Hypermesh进行网格划分再导入到Sysnoise进行有限元分析,最后得出数据并在Matlab中进行数据处理。由于有限元方法十分耗时,所以本文中提出了利用二元模型分析代替三元模型的方法,首先利用二元模型得出各参数对传递损失的规律,然后用三元模型进行分析验证。对二元模型和三元模型得出的传递损失进行比较,得出两者之间的差异。
Noise pollution is one of the world's three major sources of pollution, A silencer is often used to reduce kinds of noise. Silencers are conventionally classified as dissipative and reflective and hybrid silencer. This paper studies the reflective silencers.
Transmission loss is the most important parameter which frequently used to evaluate acoustic performance of a silencer. That is because TL is able to visually reflect the attenuation performance of a silencer. Besides TL is the inherent characteristic of a silencer, it is able to be predicted very conveniently from the known physical parameters of silencer and are not be influenced by source impedance and the radiation impedance, there is only relationship with configure of silencer.
Main contents of this article is the impact of expansion ratio, location of inlet/outlet, extended inlet/outlet, perforated panels, shape of expansion chamber on transmission loss of a simple expansion chamber in the reflective silencer. Utilize the FEM software Sysnoise to obtain the relationships between each parameters and transmission loss. Acoustic mode as an important acoustical parameter of expansion chamber. This thesis utilize the geometric size variables of the expansion chambers to explain the internal relations between transmission loss and acoustic mode. After that derive a method which is able to achieve a satisfied value of transmission loss in a target frequence.
This thesis adopts the way which combines the finite element method and three-points method. The model is generated in Catia first ofall. After that utilize the preprocess software Hypermesh for meshing. Then import the model to the Sysnoise proceeds finite element analysis. Finally data processing is done in the Matlab. Because of the FEM is very time consuming, so this thesis presents replace three-dimensional model by two-dimensional model. First utilize analysis of the two-dimensional model to obtain the relationships between parameters and transmission loss then proved it by analysis of three-dimensional model. Compare the results form two kinds of model and derive the differences between them.
消声器的声学性能中,最主要的参数是传递损失。传递损失之所以常被用来评价消声器的声学性能,主要是因为它直观反映了消声器的消声性能,消减了多少分贝的噪声。另外只要有消声器的几何参数,传递损失就可以获得,它是消声器本身固有的一种特性,不受声源的阻抗和辐射阻抗的影响,只与消声器的构造有关。
本文的主要研究内容是抗性消声器中简单扩张腔的扩张比、进出口位置、插入管、穿孔板以及其它形状的扩张腔等参数对于传递损失的影响。通过声学有限元分析软件Sysnoise的有限元分析方法得出各参数对传递损失的影响规律。声模态作为扩张腔的一个重要的声学参数,本文利用改变扩张腔的各种几何参数探究了声模态与传递损失的内在关系。从而得出一套对于给定目标频率下实现理想消声效果的方法。
本文采用有限元法和三点法结合的方式,首先在Catia中实现建模,然后利用有限元前处理软件Hypermesh进行网格划分再导入到Sysnoise进行有限元分析,最后得出数据并在Matlab中进行数据处理。由于有限元方法十分耗时,所以本文中提出了利用二元模型分析代替三元模型的方法,首先利用二元模型得出各参数对传递损失的规律,然后用三元模型进行分析验证。对二元模型和三元模型得出的传递损失进行比较,得出两者之间的差异。
Noise pollution is one of the world's three major sources of pollution, A silencer is often used to reduce kinds of noise. Silencers are conventionally classified as dissipative and reflective and hybrid silencer. This paper studies the reflective silencers.
Transmission loss is the most important parameter which frequently used to evaluate acoustic performance of a silencer. That is because TL is able to visually reflect the attenuation performance of a silencer. Besides TL is the inherent characteristic of a silencer, it is able to be predicted very conveniently from the known physical parameters of silencer and are not be influenced by source impedance and the radiation impedance, there is only relationship with configure of silencer.
Main contents of this article is the impact of expansion ratio, location of inlet/outlet, extended inlet/outlet, perforated panels, shape of expansion chamber on transmission loss of a simple expansion chamber in the reflective silencer. Utilize the FEM software Sysnoise to obtain the relationships between each parameters and transmission loss. Acoustic mode as an important acoustical parameter of expansion chamber. This thesis utilize the geometric size variables of the expansion chambers to explain the internal relations between transmission loss and acoustic mode. After that derive a method which is able to achieve a satisfied value of transmission loss in a target frequence.
This thesis adopts the way which combines the finite element method and three-points method. The model is generated in Catia first ofall. After that utilize the preprocess software Hypermesh for meshing. Then import the model to the Sysnoise proceeds finite element analysis. Finally data processing is done in the Matlab. Because of the FEM is very time consuming, so this thesis presents replace three-dimensional model by two-dimensional model. First utilize analysis of the two-dimensional model to obtain the relationships between parameters and transmission loss then proved it by analysis of three-dimensional model. Compare the results form two kinds of model and derive the differences between them.
引文
[1]噪声控制新技术与消器设计选用及质量检验标准规范实用手册.北京：北方工业出版社,2006：34-38
[2]盛美萍,王敏庆,孙进才.噪声与振动控制基础[M].北京：科学出版社,2007：135-139
[3]Beranek L. L, Ver I. L. Noise and vibration control engineering, New York:Johe-wiley,1992
[4]Fahy F J. Sound and Structural Vibration:Radiation, Transmission and response. London:academic press inc ltd,1985
[5]蔡超,宫振.拖拉机抗性消声器声学子结构声传递矩阵研究.农业机械学报,1994,25(2)：65-71
[6]D. D. Davis. Theoretical and experimental investigation of muffler with coments on engine exhaust muffler design. NACA,1154-1192
[7]R. J. Alfredson and P.0. A. L. Davies. The radiationof sound from an engine exhaust. Sound and Vibration,1970,13(4):389-408
[8]Omid Z. Mehdizadeh and Marius Paraschivoiu. A three-dimensional finite element approach for predicting the transmission loss in mufflers and silencers with no mean flow. Applied Acoustics,2005,66:902-918
[9]Young C I J and Crocker M J. Prediction of transmission loss in mufflers by the finite element method. J. Acoust. Soc. Am,1975,57(1):144-148
[10]M. L. Munjal, Analysis and design of mufflers-an overview of research at the Indian. Institute of science,1998,211(3):425-433
[11]F. D. Denia, J. Albelda and F. J. Fuenmayor, Acoustic behaviour of eelliptical chamber mufflers. J. Acoust. Soc. Am,2001,241(3):401-421
[12]A. Selamet and Z. L. Ji. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with offset inlet/outlet:i. analytical approach. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,213(4):601-617
[13]A. Selamet and Z.L.Ji. Diametral plane-wave analysis for short circular chambers with end offset inlet/outlet and side extended inlet/outlet. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,214(3):580-587
[14]A. Selamet, Z. L. Ji and P. M. Radavich. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with offset inlet/outlet:ii. comparison with experimental and computational studies. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,213(4):619-641
[15]A. Selamet and Z. L. Ji. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with extended inlet/outlet. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1999,223(2):197-212
[16]A. Selamet, M. B. Xu, and I. J. Lee. Analytical approach for sound attenuation in perforated dissipative silencers with inlet/outlet extensions. J.Acoust.Soc. Am,2005,117(4):2078-2089
[17]A. Selamet and Z. L. Ji. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with single-inlet and double-outlet. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000,229:3-19
[18]A. Selamet and Z. L. Ji. Acoustic attenuation performance of expansionchambers with two End-inlets/one side-outlet. Journal of Sound and vibration,2000,231(4):1159-1167
[19]刘飞,陆森林,刘红光.扩张室式消声器声学特性的有限元分析.噪声与振动控制,2010,(3)：144-147
[20]张晓龙,李功宇.扩张式消声器消声特性理论研究和实验分析.噪声与振动控制,2008,28(1)：105-108
[21]袁翔,刘正士,毕嵘.简单扩张式消声器与穿孔管消声器对比研究.汽车科技,2009,(4)：18-21
[22]刘丽萍.扩张室式消声器气流噪声的试验研究.机械工程学报,2002,38(1)：98-102
[23]陈世荣.摩托车消声器消声性能的计算机仿真分析：[硕士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2007
[24]李立琳,张艳辉,陈传举.扩张室式抗性消声器实验研究.河南工程学院学报(自然科学版),2009,21(3)：26-29
[25]赵海军,邓兆祥,杨杰等.插入管消声器传声损失数值计算方法对比及参数分析.内燃机工程,2008,29(6)：65-69
[26]张永波,黄其柏,周明刚,王勇.并联内插管双室扩张式消声器的插入损失.农业机械学报,2007,38(8)：49-52
[27]张宇,李珊.单腔扩张式消声器的模态分析及结构改进.科学技术与工程,2010,10(16)：3986-3989
[28]李静波.扩张室消声器在座便器噪声控制中的应用研究：[硕士学位论文]. 长沙：湖南大学,2007
[29]何琳,朱海潮,邱小军,杜功焕.声学理论与工程应用.北京：科学出版社,2005
[30]陶丽芳.汽车发动机排气系统性能分析研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2005
[31]Jin Woo Lee, Yoon Young Kim. Topology optimization of muffler internal partitions for improving acoustical attenuation performance. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng.2009,80:455-477
[2]盛美萍,王敏庆,孙进才.噪声与振动控制基础[M].北京：科学出版社,2007：135-139
[3]Beranek L. L, Ver I. L. Noise and vibration control engineering, New York:Johe-wiley,1992
[4]Fahy F J. Sound and Structural Vibration:Radiation, Transmission and response. London:academic press inc ltd,1985
[5]蔡超,宫振.拖拉机抗性消声器声学子结构声传递矩阵研究.农业机械学报,1994,25(2)：65-71
[6]D. D. Davis. Theoretical and experimental investigation of muffler with coments on engine exhaust muffler design. NACA,1154-1192
[7]R. J. Alfredson and P.0. A. L. Davies. The radiationof sound from an engine exhaust. Sound and Vibration,1970,13(4):389-408
[8]Omid Z. Mehdizadeh and Marius Paraschivoiu. A three-dimensional finite element approach for predicting the transmission loss in mufflers and silencers with no mean flow. Applied Acoustics,2005,66:902-918
[9]Young C I J and Crocker M J. Prediction of transmission loss in mufflers by the finite element method. J. Acoust. Soc. Am,1975,57(1):144-148
[10]M. L. Munjal, Analysis and design of mufflers-an overview of research at the Indian. Institute of science,1998,211(3):425-433
[11]F. D. Denia, J. Albelda and F. J. Fuenmayor, Acoustic behaviour of eelliptical chamber mufflers. J. Acoust. Soc. Am,2001,241(3):401-421
[12]A. Selamet and Z. L. Ji. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with offset inlet/outlet:i. analytical approach. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,213(4):601-617
[13]A. Selamet and Z.L.Ji. Diametral plane-wave analysis for short circular chambers with end offset inlet/outlet and side extended inlet/outlet. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,214(3):580-587
[14]A. Selamet, Z. L. Ji and P. M. Radavich. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with offset inlet/outlet:ii. comparison with experimental and computational studies. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1998,213(4):619-641
[15]A. Selamet and Z. L. Ji. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with extended inlet/outlet. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1999,223(2):197-212
[16]A. Selamet, M. B. Xu, and I. J. Lee. Analytical approach for sound attenuation in perforated dissipative silencers with inlet/outlet extensions. J.Acoust.Soc. Am,2005,117(4):2078-2089
[17]A. Selamet and Z. L. Ji. Acoustic attenuation performance of circular expansion chambers with single-inlet and double-outlet. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2000,229:3-19
[18]A. Selamet and Z. L. Ji. Acoustic attenuation performance of expansionchambers with two End-inlets/one side-outlet. Journal of Sound and vibration,2000,231(4):1159-1167
[19]刘飞,陆森林,刘红光.扩张室式消声器声学特性的有限元分析.噪声与振动控制,2010,(3)：144-147
[20]张晓龙,李功宇.扩张式消声器消声特性理论研究和实验分析.噪声与振动控制,2008,28(1)：105-108
[21]袁翔,刘正士,毕嵘.简单扩张式消声器与穿孔管消声器对比研究.汽车科技,2009,(4)：18-21
[22]刘丽萍.扩张室式消声器气流噪声的试验研究.机械工程学报,2002,38(1)：98-102
[23]陈世荣.摩托车消声器消声性能的计算机仿真分析：[硕士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2007
[24]李立琳,张艳辉,陈传举.扩张室式抗性消声器实验研究.河南工程学院学报(自然科学版),2009,21(3)：26-29
[25]赵海军,邓兆祥,杨杰等.插入管消声器传声损失数值计算方法对比及参数分析.内燃机工程,2008,29(6)：65-69
[26]张永波,黄其柏,周明刚,王勇.并联内插管双室扩张式消声器的插入损失.农业机械学报,2007,38(8)：49-52
[27]张宇,李珊.单腔扩张式消声器的模态分析及结构改进.科学技术与工程,2010,10(16)：3986-3989
[28]李静波.扩张室消声器在座便器噪声控制中的应用研究：[硕士学位论文]. 长沙：湖南大学,2007
[29]何琳,朱海潮,邱小军,杜功焕.声学理论与工程应用.北京：科学出版社,2005
[30]陶丽芳.汽车发动机排气系统性能分析研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2005
[31]Jin Woo Lee, Yoon Young Kim. Topology optimization of muffler internal partitions for improving acoustical attenuation performance. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng.2009,80:455-477