广聚萤叶甲成虫交配与产卵行为策略
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摘要
广聚萤叶甲是入侵性杂草豚草的重要专一性天敌。本文描述了广聚萤叶甲成虫的形态特征和研究了成虫的繁殖行为特性、交配前性选择、交配及产卵行为。结果表明：雌雄成虫外部形态特征非常相似,一般雄虫个体小于雌虫。雄虫生殖节端部裂口处有一倒“V”形黑斑,而雌虫生殖节端部裂口处无“V”形黑斑。成虫需经历一个性成熟的过程才进行交配,雄虫交配前期(2.7±1.2d)要长于雌虫(0.9±2.1d)。交配后的雌虫要经历一段产卵前期,方才开始产卵。成虫交配活动主要集中在8：00-21：00,产卵一般在一天的12：00-16：00,在交配后的前30天产卵数量较大,尤其是前5天,后期产卵数量极少。雌虫优先选择额斑宽、前翅和后足股节尺寸较大的雄虫交配。雄虫喜欢选择8日龄处女雌虫进行交配,雌虫则喜欢和12日龄处女雄虫交配。成虫交配时间长短受温度影响较大,而与体重及性比无显著相关性。随着温度的升高,交配时间逐渐缩短,在10℃下成虫交配时间最长,达217.7±5.8min,而在35℃下交配时长仅为36.4±5.9min。在偏雌性比下,雄虫交配次数显著增加,雌虫交配次数显著减少。然而,在偏雄性比下,雄虫交配次数明显减少,雌虫交配次数在1♀：3♂的性比下达最高。雌虫通常用触角和口器接触叶表来寻找和定位产卵场所,一般喜欢将卵产于危害前期和中期植株中下部叶的背面,而在健康和危害后期植株上很少产卵。
Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an important and specific natural enemy against invasive weed, common ragweed(Ambrosia artemisiifolia). The morphological characteristics, the reproductive behavior recharacteristic, sexual selection, mating and oviposition behaviors of adult O. communa were studied in this article. The results showed that the external morphological characteristics of male are similar to those of female and the size of male is smaller than that of female. There is a "V" stripe at the end of genital abdominal segment of male, but not "V" stripe at the end of genital abdominal segment of female. Adult beetles have a sex maturity period, and then they can mate each other. The pre-copulation duration of male (2.7±1.2 d) is longer than that of female (0.9±2.1d). There is a pre-ovipositional duration in female before it begins to lay eggs. Adults maintained a higher mating rate from 8:00 until 21:00, and revealed a higher number of eggs laid at 12:00 to16:00 compared with at any other stages daily. In the early 30 days, especially in 5 days after mating, female beetles laid most eggs, and then few eggs were observed at other stages. Female beetles prefer to mate with the males whose frontal spot, forewing and metaleg femur were longer compared with any other males. Male beetles prefer to mate with 8-day-old virgin females, and female beetles like to mate with 12-day-old virgin males. Copulation time of adult beetles was affected by temperature, but there is not significant relationship between copulation time and adult's size or sex ratio. Copulation time was decreased with the increasing temperature. The longest copulation time was noticed at the low temperature of 10℃, which was 217.7±5.8 min, and the shortest was observed at the high temperature of 35℃, was only 36.4±5.9min. The copulation of male beetles was significantly increased and that of female beetles was significantly decreased under female biased sex ratio. However, the copulation frequency of male beetles was significantly decreased under male biased sex ratio, and the copulation frequency of female beetles reached a maximum under the sex ratio of 1(?):3(?).Female beetles felt the surface of leaves by antennae and mouthpart in the process of searching oviposition site. Female beetles like to lay eggs on the reversed side of the mid and basal leaves at early and mid damage stages, but the number of eggs was observed in the healthy and serious damage plants.
Ophraella communa LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is an important and specific natural enemy against invasive weed, common ragweed(Ambrosia artemisiifolia). The morphological characteristics, the reproductive behavior recharacteristic, sexual selection, mating and oviposition behaviors of adult O. communa were studied in this article. The results showed that the external morphological characteristics of male are similar to those of female and the size of male is smaller than that of female. There is a "V" stripe at the end of genital abdominal segment of male, but not "V" stripe at the end of genital abdominal segment of female. Adult beetles have a sex maturity period, and then they can mate each other. The pre-copulation duration of male (2.7±1.2 d) is longer than that of female (0.9±2.1d). There is a pre-ovipositional duration in female before it begins to lay eggs. Adults maintained a higher mating rate from 8:00 until 21:00, and revealed a higher number of eggs laid at 12:00 to16:00 compared with at any other stages daily. In the early 30 days, especially in 5 days after mating, female beetles laid most eggs, and then few eggs were observed at other stages. Female beetles prefer to mate with the males whose frontal spot, forewing and metaleg femur were longer compared with any other males. Male beetles prefer to mate with 8-day-old virgin females, and female beetles like to mate with 12-day-old virgin males. Copulation time of adult beetles was affected by temperature, but there is not significant relationship between copulation time and adult's size or sex ratio. Copulation time was decreased with the increasing temperature. The longest copulation time was noticed at the low temperature of 10℃, which was 217.7±5.8 min, and the shortest was observed at the high temperature of 35℃, was only 36.4±5.9min. The copulation of male beetles was significantly increased and that of female beetles was significantly decreased under female biased sex ratio. However, the copulation frequency of male beetles was significantly decreased under male biased sex ratio, and the copulation frequency of female beetles reached a maximum under the sex ratio of 1(?):3(?).Female beetles felt the surface of leaves by antennae and mouthpart in the process of searching oviposition site. Female beetles like to lay eggs on the reversed side of the mid and basal leaves at early and mid damage stages, but the number of eggs was observed in the healthy and serious damage plants.
引文
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高桂枝,吕俊芳,王传海.豚草汁液对玉米种子萌发的影响初探[J].植物保护科学,2004,6(3)：210-212
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