GIS支持下的吉林市主要商业网点空间分析
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摘要
商业是城市最重要的功能之一,是城市最初产生的条件之一,现在商业发展已经成为城市经济活动中最为活跃的因素。目前,我国关于商业网点空间结构和商业布局方面的研究主要集中在北京、上海、广州等经济地位比较重要、经济发展水平高的特大城市。吉林市作为吉林省的副中心的城市、市区人口超过200万的特大城市,是东北地区非常重要的商业城市,商业网点布局方面存在着诸多问题有待研究和改善。
吉林市在国家城市化快速发展的宏观背景下城市规模急剧扩张,城市商业网点发展迅速。同时商业发展出现了商业网点布局过于集中、新兴商业中心商业设施布局滞后、缺乏统一规划等问题,这些问题影响了吉林市商业的发展,同时也对吉林市的交通、环境造成干扰。合理布局城市商业网点,对于完善吉林市城市总体规划,促进城市经济社会发展具有重要的现实意义。
本文通过梳理总结城市商业网点空间发展的有关研究成果,采用比较分析方法,运用城市地理学、区域经济学、商业地理学等相关学科的理论,并借助相关经济发展指标和衡量指数对吉林市的城市商业网点展开探讨。本文还有意要探讨GIS在商业地理研究中的方法手段、应用领域及其应用的一般流程,并对商业中心等级体系的形成机制进行简要分析。深化GIS在商业地理中的应用,为商业地理研究提供定量化方法。
利用GIS手段得到吉林市商业网点分别现状图和趋势图,并对此加以分析。分析吉林市商业网点布局现状在商业中心等级体系结果、服务功能以及商业业态等方面存在的问题,并提出相应的优化措施和规划建议。
Business is one of the most important function for the city, it is also one of the conditions of the cause of original, and now business is the most active factor of development activities in the urban city economy. At present, the research focused on Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the more important, the higher levels of economic development in mega cities on the structure of space on the commercial networks and commercial distribution of. Jilin City, as the Vice-center city in Jilin Province, the mega-city which is the urban population are more than 200 million, a very important commercial city in the Northeast China. There are still many problems to be studied and improved on the commercial network layout.
Under the background of rapid urbanization, the scale of the Jilin City is expanding, urban commercial network is also developing rapidly. At the same time,there are some problem on the commercial networks, commercial network layout is too concentrated, The layout of the emerging commercial center of commercial facilities lagging, lacking of unified planning. These issues affect the commercial development in Jilin City, also interfere with the transport, environment. It is important to layout city commercial network in reason for improving the Urban Master Plan and promoting the development of economic and society.
This article summarizes the development research result of the urban commercial network. Use the comparative analysis and the theory of urban geography, regional economics, commercial geography. And useing the related indicators measure index about economy to investigate the urban commercial network of Jilin City. And try to discuss the methods, field of application and the general process of the application of GIS on the urban commercial network. Analysis the formation mechanism of business center hierarchy briefly. Deepen the application of GIS in commercial geography, Provide the quantitative method for commercial geography.
Get the picture of commercial network status and trends by using GIS tools. And analyze these pictures. Find out the problem about business center hierarchy, function of Services and commercial format etc. And put forward the optimization measures and the proposal for urban planning.
吉林市在国家城市化快速发展的宏观背景下城市规模急剧扩张,城市商业网点发展迅速。同时商业发展出现了商业网点布局过于集中、新兴商业中心商业设施布局滞后、缺乏统一规划等问题,这些问题影响了吉林市商业的发展,同时也对吉林市的交通、环境造成干扰。合理布局城市商业网点,对于完善吉林市城市总体规划,促进城市经济社会发展具有重要的现实意义。
本文通过梳理总结城市商业网点空间发展的有关研究成果,采用比较分析方法,运用城市地理学、区域经济学、商业地理学等相关学科的理论,并借助相关经济发展指标和衡量指数对吉林市的城市商业网点展开探讨。本文还有意要探讨GIS在商业地理研究中的方法手段、应用领域及其应用的一般流程,并对商业中心等级体系的形成机制进行简要分析。深化GIS在商业地理中的应用,为商业地理研究提供定量化方法。
利用GIS手段得到吉林市商业网点分别现状图和趋势图,并对此加以分析。分析吉林市商业网点布局现状在商业中心等级体系结果、服务功能以及商业业态等方面存在的问题,并提出相应的优化措施和规划建议。
Business is one of the most important function for the city, it is also one of the conditions of the cause of original, and now business is the most active factor of development activities in the urban city economy. At present, the research focused on Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, the more important, the higher levels of economic development in mega cities on the structure of space on the commercial networks and commercial distribution of. Jilin City, as the Vice-center city in Jilin Province, the mega-city which is the urban population are more than 200 million, a very important commercial city in the Northeast China. There are still many problems to be studied and improved on the commercial network layout.
Under the background of rapid urbanization, the scale of the Jilin City is expanding, urban commercial network is also developing rapidly. At the same time,there are some problem on the commercial networks, commercial network layout is too concentrated, The layout of the emerging commercial center of commercial facilities lagging, lacking of unified planning. These issues affect the commercial development in Jilin City, also interfere with the transport, environment. It is important to layout city commercial network in reason for improving the Urban Master Plan and promoting the development of economic and society.
This article summarizes the development research result of the urban commercial network. Use the comparative analysis and the theory of urban geography, regional economics, commercial geography. And useing the related indicators measure index about economy to investigate the urban commercial network of Jilin City. And try to discuss the methods, field of application and the general process of the application of GIS on the urban commercial network. Analysis the formation mechanism of business center hierarchy briefly. Deepen the application of GIS in commercial geography, Provide the quantitative method for commercial geography.
Get the picture of commercial network status and trends by using GIS tools. And analyze these pictures. Find out the problem about business center hierarchy, function of Services and commercial format etc. And put forward the optimization measures and the proposal for urban planning.
引文
[1] Christaller W. Die Zentralen Orte in Sueddeutschland [M].北京:商务印书馆.1998.
[2]李小建等.经济地理学(第二版) [M].高等教育出版社,2006年3月.
[3]周春山,罗彦,尚嫣然.中国商业地理学的研究进展.地理学报,2004,59(6):1028-1036.
[4]桑义明,肖玲.商业地理研究的理论与方法回顾.人文地理,2003,18(6):67-71,76.
[5]冯健.西方城市内部空间结构研究及其启示[J].城市规划,2005,29(8): 41-50.
[6]杨瑛,20年代以来西方国家商业空间学理论研究进展[J].热带地理,2000,20 (1).
[7]杨吾扬.商业地理学一一回顾与前瞻[J].人文地理,1991,6(4),1-5.
[8] Kohsaka H. An optimization of the central place system in terms of the multipurposshopping trip. Geographical Analysis,1984,16(3):20-29.
[9] Rushton G. Analysis of spatial behavior by revealed space preference.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1969,59:391-400.
[10] Golledge R, Stimson R.Spatial Behavior: A Geographic Perspective. London: The Guilford Press,1997.
[11] Potter R B. The Urban Retailing System: Location, Cognition and Behavior, Gower and Retailing and Planning Associates,1982.
[12]森川洋.東広島市にける中心地の勢力圈と消費者行動[J].人文地理,1981,33(2):1-21.
[13]宁越敏.上海市商业中心区位的探讨[J].地理学报, 1984, 39(2): 163-172.
[14]吴郁文.广州市城区零售商业企业区位布局的探讨[J].地理科学, 1988, 8(3): 208-217.
[15]李振泉,李诚固.试论长春市商业地域结构[J].地理科学,1989,9(2):133-141.
[16]安成谋.兰州商业中心的区位格局及优势度分析[J].地理研究, 1990, 9(1): 28-34.
[17]杨吾扬.北京市零售商业与服务业中心和网点的过去、现在和未来[J].地理学报, 1994, 49(1): 42-51.
[18]仵宗卿,戴学珍.北京市商业中心的空间结构研究[J].城市规划,2001.
[19]仵宗卿,柴彦威;商业活动与城市商业空间结构研究[J];地理学与国土研究;1999年03期
[20]仵宗卿,柴彦威,戴学珍,杨吾扬.购物出行空间的等级结构研究——以天津市为例[J].地理研究,2001,20(4):479-488.
[21]宁越敏,黄胜利.上海市区商业中心的等级体系及其变迁特征[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(2):15-19.
[22]柴彦威,李昌霞.中国城市老年人日常购物行为的空间特征:以北京、深圳和上海为例[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):401-408.
[23]李桂君,赵德海.城市大型零售商业网点布局模型与反问题求解[J].商业研究,2002,5
[24]陈忠暖,程一钧,何劲耘.城市零售商业服务业区位类型划分的探讨[J].经济地理,2001,21(2):227-230.
[25]冯健,陈秀欣,兰宗敏.北京市居民购物行为空间结构演变[J].地理学报,2007,62(10),1083——1096.
[26]徐晶.城市化进程与商业网点规划[J].商业研究.1999,5:91-92.
[27]谢涤湘.市场经济体制下城市商业网点规划研究[J].现代城市研究.2008,23(3):14-18.
[28] Henmadez Tand Biasiotto M, Retail Location Deeision-Making and store PortoflioManagement Canadian Jomalof Regional Science,XXIV:3,2001(Autunln),P399-418.
[29] Lilina,S.C. Pun一Chenga, Alice,W.C. Chub GIS in business-routing analysis of Plaza Shoppers[Z]. Map Asia Conference,2004.
[30]许学强,周素红,林耿.广州市大型零售商店布局分析[J].城市规划,2002,7.
[31]薛娟娟,朱青.北京市零售商业空间分布研究[J].商业研究,2006,14: 32-35.
[32]蒋海兵,徐建刚.基于时间可达性与伽萨法则的大卖场区位探讨——以上海市中心城区为例[J].地理研究,2010,29(6):1056-1068.
[33]嵇昊威.南京市城市大型超级市场空间分布研究[J].经济地理2010,30(5):756-760.
[34]杨吾扬等.商业地理学[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1987年.
[35]郭鸿愚.城市空间经济学[M].经济科学出版社,2002年.
[36]许学强等.城市地理学[M].高等教育出版社,2004(1).
[37] Huff D L. A probabilistic analysis of shopping center trading area. Land Economics.1963, 39: 81~90.
[38] Parr J B. Frequency distributions of central places in southern Germany: A further Analysis. Economic Geography,1980,56:141~154.
[39] Davies R L. Structural Models of Retail Distribution: Analogies with Settlement andLand-use theories. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 1972,57:59~82.
[40] Bromeley R D F, Thomas C J. Retail change and the issues. Retail change: contemporary issues. London: UCL Press,1993.2~14.
[41] William A. Schwab. The slcillogy of Cities[M]. University of Arkansa,1992.
[42] Harvey: Society. The city and the Space-economy of Urbanism[M].Washington D.C:Association of American Geography,1972,18.
[43] Shevky E, Bell W Social Area Analysis[M]. Stanford University Press,1995.
[44] Vance James E. Jr. The Merchant's World. The Geography of Whole saling[M].NewJersey: Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs,1970.
[45] Robert W John: Readings IN Urban Economics[M].Smith, Son Ltd,2000.
[46] Dellaert Bnedict G C etal. Investigating consumers' tendency to combine multiple shopping purposes and destinations, Journal of Marketing Research,2001,177-188.
[47] Badcock A. Restructing and Spatial Polarization in cities[J].The Progress in Human Geography,1997-2.
[48] Geoffrey C: The cognition of shopping centers by the central area and suburban elderly: analysis of consumer information fields and evaluation criteria[J].Urban Geography,1992(2):13-22.
[49] Vander beck R.M.“That’s the only Place Where You Can Hang Out”: Urban People and Space of the Mall[J]. Urban Geography.2000,21(1).5-25.
[50] Berry B J L, Garrison W L·Studies of highway development and geographic change. Seattle: University of Wash-ington Press, 1959. 107~120.
[51] Rushton G. Analysis of spatial behavior by revealed space preference.Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 1969, 59: 291~400.
[52] Berry J L, Garrison W L. The functional bases of the central place hierarchy. Economic Geography,1958,34:145-154.
[53]仵宗卿,柴彦威.论城市商业活动空间结构研究的几个问题[J].经济地理,2000,20(1):115-120.
[54]陈颖彪,千庆兰,周倩仪.基于GIS的广州城市商业空间分析模型研究[J].地域研究与开发,2008,27(6):115-119.
[55]孔云峰.地理信息系统在区域商业和经济中的应用初探[J].经济地理, 2000, 19(5): 21-26.
[56]修春亮,夏长君;城市商业分布形态的中西方对比[J].地理学与国土研究,1999,15(1):30-34.
[57]仵宗卿,柴彦威.论城市商业活动空间结构研究的几个问题[J].经济地理,2000,20.
[58]毕秀晶,李仙德.上海现代服务业外资企业空间格局及其机理研究[J].城市规划学刊,2010,01:64-71
[2]李小建等.经济地理学(第二版) [M].高等教育出版社,2006年3月.
[3]周春山,罗彦,尚嫣然.中国商业地理学的研究进展.地理学报,2004,59(6):1028-1036.
[4]桑义明,肖玲.商业地理研究的理论与方法回顾.人文地理,2003,18(6):67-71,76.
[5]冯健.西方城市内部空间结构研究及其启示[J].城市规划,2005,29(8): 41-50.
[6]杨瑛,20年代以来西方国家商业空间学理论研究进展[J].热带地理,2000,20 (1).
[7]杨吾扬.商业地理学一一回顾与前瞻[J].人文地理,1991,6(4),1-5.
[8] Kohsaka H. An optimization of the central place system in terms of the multipurposshopping trip. Geographical Analysis,1984,16(3):20-29.
[9] Rushton G. Analysis of spatial behavior by revealed space preference.Annals of the Association of American Geographers,1969,59:391-400.
[10] Golledge R, Stimson R.Spatial Behavior: A Geographic Perspective. London: The Guilford Press,1997.
[11] Potter R B. The Urban Retailing System: Location, Cognition and Behavior, Gower and Retailing and Planning Associates,1982.
[12]森川洋.東広島市にける中心地の勢力圈と消費者行動[J].人文地理,1981,33(2):1-21.
[13]宁越敏.上海市商业中心区位的探讨[J].地理学报, 1984, 39(2): 163-172.
[14]吴郁文.广州市城区零售商业企业区位布局的探讨[J].地理科学, 1988, 8(3): 208-217.
[15]李振泉,李诚固.试论长春市商业地域结构[J].地理科学,1989,9(2):133-141.
[16]安成谋.兰州商业中心的区位格局及优势度分析[J].地理研究, 1990, 9(1): 28-34.
[17]杨吾扬.北京市零售商业与服务业中心和网点的过去、现在和未来[J].地理学报, 1994, 49(1): 42-51.
[18]仵宗卿,戴学珍.北京市商业中心的空间结构研究[J].城市规划,2001.
[19]仵宗卿,柴彦威;商业活动与城市商业空间结构研究[J];地理学与国土研究;1999年03期
[20]仵宗卿,柴彦威,戴学珍,杨吾扬.购物出行空间的等级结构研究——以天津市为例[J].地理研究,2001,20(4):479-488.
[21]宁越敏,黄胜利.上海市区商业中心的等级体系及其变迁特征[J].地域研究与开发,2005,24(2):15-19.
[22]柴彦威,李昌霞.中国城市老年人日常购物行为的空间特征:以北京、深圳和上海为例[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):401-408.
[23]李桂君,赵德海.城市大型零售商业网点布局模型与反问题求解[J].商业研究,2002,5
[24]陈忠暖,程一钧,何劲耘.城市零售商业服务业区位类型划分的探讨[J].经济地理,2001,21(2):227-230.
[25]冯健,陈秀欣,兰宗敏.北京市居民购物行为空间结构演变[J].地理学报,2007,62(10),1083——1096.
[26]徐晶.城市化进程与商业网点规划[J].商业研究.1999,5:91-92.
[27]谢涤湘.市场经济体制下城市商业网点规划研究[J].现代城市研究.2008,23(3):14-18.
[28] Henmadez Tand Biasiotto M, Retail Location Deeision-Making and store PortoflioManagement Canadian Jomalof Regional Science,XXIV:3,2001(Autunln),P399-418.
[29] Lilina,S.C. Pun一Chenga, Alice,W.C. Chub GIS in business-routing analysis of Plaza Shoppers[Z]. Map Asia Conference,2004.
[30]许学强,周素红,林耿.广州市大型零售商店布局分析[J].城市规划,2002,7.
[31]薛娟娟,朱青.北京市零售商业空间分布研究[J].商业研究,2006,14: 32-35.
[32]蒋海兵,徐建刚.基于时间可达性与伽萨法则的大卖场区位探讨——以上海市中心城区为例[J].地理研究,2010,29(6):1056-1068.
[33]嵇昊威.南京市城市大型超级市场空间分布研究[J].经济地理2010,30(5):756-760.
[34]杨吾扬等.商业地理学[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,1987年.
[35]郭鸿愚.城市空间经济学[M].经济科学出版社,2002年.
[36]许学强等.城市地理学[M].高等教育出版社,2004(1).
[37] Huff D L. A probabilistic analysis of shopping center trading area. Land Economics.1963, 39: 81~90.
[38] Parr J B. Frequency distributions of central places in southern Germany: A further Analysis. Economic Geography,1980,56:141~154.
[39] Davies R L. Structural Models of Retail Distribution: Analogies with Settlement andLand-use theories. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 1972,57:59~82.
[40] Bromeley R D F, Thomas C J. Retail change and the issues. Retail change: contemporary issues. London: UCL Press,1993.2~14.
[41] William A. Schwab. The slcillogy of Cities[M]. University of Arkansa,1992.
[42] Harvey: Society. The city and the Space-economy of Urbanism[M].Washington D.C:Association of American Geography,1972,18.
[43] Shevky E, Bell W Social Area Analysis[M]. Stanford University Press,1995.
[44] Vance James E. Jr. The Merchant's World. The Geography of Whole saling[M].NewJersey: Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs,1970.
[45] Robert W John: Readings IN Urban Economics[M].Smith, Son Ltd,2000.
[46] Dellaert Bnedict G C etal. Investigating consumers' tendency to combine multiple shopping purposes and destinations, Journal of Marketing Research,2001,177-188.
[47] Badcock A. Restructing and Spatial Polarization in cities[J].The Progress in Human Geography,1997-2.
[48] Geoffrey C: The cognition of shopping centers by the central area and suburban elderly: analysis of consumer information fields and evaluation criteria[J].Urban Geography,1992(2):13-22.
[49] Vander beck R.M.“That’s the only Place Where You Can Hang Out”: Urban People and Space of the Mall[J]. Urban Geography.2000,21(1).5-25.
[50] Berry B J L, Garrison W L·Studies of highway development and geographic change. Seattle: University of Wash-ington Press, 1959. 107~120.
[51] Rushton G. Analysis of spatial behavior by revealed space preference.Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 1969, 59: 291~400.
[52] Berry J L, Garrison W L. The functional bases of the central place hierarchy. Economic Geography,1958,34:145-154.
[53]仵宗卿,柴彦威.论城市商业活动空间结构研究的几个问题[J].经济地理,2000,20(1):115-120.
[54]陈颖彪,千庆兰,周倩仪.基于GIS的广州城市商业空间分析模型研究[J].地域研究与开发,2008,27(6):115-119.
[55]孔云峰.地理信息系统在区域商业和经济中的应用初探[J].经济地理, 2000, 19(5): 21-26.
[56]修春亮,夏长君;城市商业分布形态的中西方对比[J].地理学与国土研究,1999,15(1):30-34.
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