费边社会主义思想研究(1884-1984)
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
费边社会主义是一种以“宪政民主、和缓渐进”著称的社会改良思潮。费边社会主义思想是在S.韦伯、G.J.萧伯纳、G.D.H.柯尔、C.A.R.克罗斯兰等费边社主要代表立足历史传统和现实国情,结合英国由自由资本主义向垄断资本主义即帝国主义过渡的时代背景,继承和发展社会有机说、进化史观、功利主义、马克思主义、经验主义哲学、基督教哲学等思想理论的基础上逐步形成的。
     费边社会主义认为,历史是一逐渐趋向社会主义的潮流,通过宣传教育等“渗透”的方式,努力促成历史传统与现实发展间的相互妥协,引导人们一步步迈向社会主义福利国家,是费边社会主义者的初衷与责任。为此,费边社会主义者为人们勾勒出了一幅实现社会主义的方略蓝图:在政治改革方面,强调国家的工具性与中立性,主张从扩大国家职能和完善地方分权出发,通过文官制度遴选专家型人才充实公务员队伍,并通过设立政治国会和社会国会的形式来进一步保证民主与效率间的平衡。在经济改革方面,主张通过革新征税制度、推行市政社会主义和不断调整计划与市场的关系等手段,来逐步推进生产工具公有化、资源分配社会化和产业管理民主化改革目标的实现。在教育改革方面,提出教育平等、教育为现实服务、教育多元化的原则,并对整个英国教育体系展开了大刀阔斧的改革,其中尤以大力倡导技术教育和创办伦敦政治经济学院最为突出。在社会改革方面,提出贫困应包括物质和精神两个方面、社会分配不平等是造成贫困的主因、国家和社会有责任出台多种人性化救济措施等思想。韦伯夫妇在发表的《少数派报告》中分两部分集中提出了一系列社会福利改革建议,并积极号召和推动废除《济贫法》运动。在政党政治方面,费边派并没有提出具体内容,但我们却可以从费边社与英国工党的关系发展中窥见其端倪,二者关系实际大致经历了两个阶段的变化:一战前,费边社出于现实和政治哲学的考虑,对早期工党主要采用“渗透”策略,勉强保持基本联系。一战爆发后,伴随着费边社渗透自由党政策的宣告失败,费边社开始全力扶持工党的改组和重建,颁布了新的党章和党纲以后,工党开始以工人阶级政党身份跻身传统两党制中,英国“三足鼎立”的政治格局得以形成。从此,工党成为费边社会主义者在英国推行社会主义的工具。
     百年费边社会主义,历经费边社几代领导人的发展和完善,终于形成了一种不可抗拒的形势,具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。仅就英国国内而言,它不仅引导了政府行政改革趋向,改变了政党和政治格局分布,而且还加速了劳工运动发展。就世界范围而言,费边社会主义的出现,不仅丰富加深了人们对于社会主义的理解,为修正主义提供重要理论依据,为市场社会主义构建原始蓝图,而且还创立了解构重构社会的研究法。当然,费边社会主义思想在立论基础和方法策略方面还存有很多值得商榷的地方。对处于改革建设攻坚期的我国而言,我们有必要从费边社会主义思想中汲取的思想精华包括:社会改革法制化、民主政治制度化、国民教育科学化和福利保障社会化。
Fabian socialism is the socialism ideological trend that is famous for “constitutionaldemocracy and gentle progress.” The Fabian main representatives, like, Sidney Webb,G.Bernard Shaw, G.D.H.Cole, C.A.R.Crosland etc., keeping a foothold on the historicaltradition and real national conditions and considering the imperialism transition period whichis from free capitalism to monopoly capitalism, inherit and develop the theory of Organicsociety, evolutionary history, rent theory, Marxism, Utilitarianism and Christian philosophyetc. Therefore, the ideology is gradually established.
     Fabian socialism regards history as the tendency that leads to socialism. The originalintention and duty of Fabians is to facilitate the compromise between traditional history andreal development and to lead people to socialism welfare countries by propaganda andeducation.
     Thus, Fabians outlines a strategical blueprint to realize socialism: In the aspect ofpolitical improvement, they pay attention to the instrumentality and neutrality of the state andpropose that with enlarging state functions and perfecting decentralization, civil servant teamcan be enriched by selecting expert talents under the system of civil officer and the balancebetween democracy and efficiency can be kept by establishing political and social congress.In the social and economic aspect, they hold that innovating tax system and carrying outmunicipal administration socialism and constantly adjusting the relationship between plan andmarket can propel to achieve the socialization of production instrument and resourceallocation and industry management democratization. For the education reform, they putforward the principle of education equality, education serving reality and educationdiversification. They carry out resolutely reformation in the system of education in UK,especially for advocating technical education and establishing London School of Economics&Politics In the aspect of welfare, they present that poverty should include two parts: materialand spirit poverty and inequality of social distribution is the main reason to causes poverty.Meanwhile, they believe that it is the duty of the whole state and society to carry out multiple humane relief measures. The Webbs raise a series of suggestions on social welfarereformation in “Minority Report” and promote to abolish the “poor laws”.
     Fabians didn’t propose the concrete contents in the aspect of politics and party, but wecan see the clue from the development of relationship building between Fabians and LabourParty. In fact, the relationship approximately evolves in two phases. Before World War I,considering reality and political philosophy, Fabian took penetrating strategy for early LabourParty and reluctantly maintained their basic relationship. After breaking out of World War II,as the penetrating policy for Liberal Party fails, the Fabians started to support thereorganization and reconstruction of Labour Party. After the new chapter and guidingprinciple were issued, Labour Party ascends to the traditional two-party system in the role ofworking class political party. Thus, a situation of tripartite confrontation in UK is formed.Since then, Labour Party becomes the instrument to carry out socialism.
     Fabianism, taking a century to develop and perfect, finally forms an irresistible trend andit plays an important role in theory and reality. Just for Britain, it not only leads to the trend ofgovernment administration reformation and change the pattern of party and politics, but alsoaccelerates the development of labour movement. In worldwide, the appearance of Fabianismriches the understanding of socialism, provides importance theory basis for revisionism andconstructs the original blueprint for market socialism. Moreover, it also creates the researchmethod of structure reconstruct. It is sure that Fabianism still has weakness in the basis andstrategy. For China, we can get the benefit from the Fabianism as follows: social reformlegalization, democracy politics institutionalization, citizenship education scientization andwelfare guarantee socialization.
引文
①李华峰.英国工党与工会关系研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2009:1.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953.
    ②[英]乔·柯尔.费边社会主义[M].夏遇南,吴澜,译.北京:商务印书馆,1984.
    ③[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984.
    ④[英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922.
    ⑤[日]川原次吉朗.英国费边协会发达史[M].李超桓,译.上海:太平洋书店,1928.
    ⑥[英]G.D.H.柯尔.社会主义思想史[M].何瑞丰,译.北京:商务印书馆,1977.
    ⑦[美]约翰·麦克里兰.西方政治思想史[M].彭淮栋,译.北京:人民出版社,2010.
    ⑧[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936.
    ①[英]亨利·佩林.英国工党简史[M].江南造船厂业余学校英语翻译小组,译.上海:上海人民出版社,1977.
    ②[英]韦伯夫妇.社会研究法[M].钱亦石,詹哲尊,译.北京:商务印书馆,1948.
    ③[英]韦伯夫妇.资本主义文明的衰亡[M].秋水,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2005.
    ④[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011.
    ⑤A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962.
    ⑥Patricia Pugh, Educate, Agitate, Organize:100Years of Fabian Socialism, London: CambridgeUniversity Press,1984.
    ①Carl Levy, Socialism and the Intelligentsia1880-1914, London: Routledge&Kegan Paul,1987.
    ②Norman and Jeanne Mackenzie, The Diary of Beatrice Webb, London: The London School of Economicsand Political Science,1982.
    ③Norman Mackenzie, The Letters of Sidney and Beatrice Webb, London: Cambridge University Press,2009.
    ④Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.,1948.
    ⑤Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949.
    ⑥Royden J. Harrison, The life and Times of Sidney and Beatrice Webb1858-1905: the Formative Years,London: Macmillan Press LTD,2000.
    ⑦S. and B. Webb, A Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain, London: Longmans,1920.
    ①Lisanne Radice, Beatrice and Sidney Webb-Fabian Socialist, London: The Macmillan Press LTD,1984.
    ②Deborah Epstein Nord, The Apprenticeship of Beatrice Webb, London: The University of MassachusettsPress Amherst,1989.
    ③Mary Agnes Hamilton, Sidney and Beatrice Webb—A Study in Contemporary Biography, London:Sampson Low, Marston&Co.LTD,1933.
    ④Sister Barbars E. Nolan, The Political Theory of Beatrice Webb, New York: Ams Press Inc,1988.
    ⑤Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Industrial Democracy, London: Longman, Green and Co,1902.
    ⑥Sidney Webb, London Education, London: Longmans,1904.
    ⑦Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Soviet Communism: A New Civilization, Third Edition, London: Longmans,Green and Co,1944.
    ①Mark bevir, Fabianism, Permeation and Independent Labour, The Historical Journal, Vol.39, No.1,1996(3):179-196.
    ②Josephine Fishel Milburn, The Fabian Society and the British Labour Party, The Western PoliticalQuarterly, Vol.11, No.2,1958(6):319-339.
    ③Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3,1952(8):442-470.
    ④Mary Peter Mack, The Fabians and Utilitarianism, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol.16, No.11955(1):76-78.
    ⑤Fred D. Schneider, Fabians and the Utilitarian Idea of Empire, The Review of Politics, Vol.35, No.4.1973(10):501-522.
    ⑥Mark Bevir, Sidney Webb: Utilitarianism, Positivism, and Social Democracy, The Journal of ModernHistory, Vol.74, No.2,2002(6):217-252.
    ⑦William Irvine, Shaw,The Fabians and the Utilitarians, Journal of The History Ideas, Vol.Ⅷ, No.2,1947(4):218-231.
    ⑧Jesse D. Clarkson, The Background of Fabian Theory, The Journal of Economic History, Vol.13, No.4.1953(10):462-471.
    ⑨Mary E. Murphy, The Role of the Fabian Society in British Affairs, Southern Economic Journal, Vol.14,No.1.1947(7):14-23.
    ①Jack Melitz, The Trade Unions and Fabian Socialism, Industrial and Labour Relations Review, Vol.12,No.4.1959(1):554-567.
    ②William Irvine, George Bernard Shaw and Karl Marx, The Journal of Economic History, Vol. Ⅶ,No.1,1946(5):53-72.
    ③George J Stigler, Bernard Shaw, Sidney Webb, and the Theory of Fabian Socialism, Proceedings of theAmerican Philosophical Society, Vol.103, No.3,1959(6):469-475.
    ④Carole Seymour-Jones, Webbs of Intrigue, New Statesman, Vol.Ⅶ, No.283,1993:50.
    ⑤R. H. Tawney, In Memory of Sidney Webb, Economical, New Series, Vol.14, No.56,1947(11):245-253.
    ⑥Glenn Perusek, The Internal Politics of Trade Unions: the Neglected View of Sidney and Beatrice Webb,Labour Studies Journal, Vol.18, No.1,1993(4):32-42.
    ⑦A. V. Judges, The Educational Influence of the Webbs, The British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol.10,No.1,1961(11):33-48.
    ⑧Cardiff, The Poor Law Reports of1909and the Social Theory of the Charity Organization Society,Victorian Studies, Vol.27, No.3,1984(4):343-363.
    ⑨Russel D. Lansbury and Geoffrey J. Prideaux, Industrial Democracy: Toward an Analytical Framework,Journal of Economic Issues, Vol.15, No.2,1981(6):325.
    ⑩Yosef, Gorni, Beatrice Webb’s Views on Judaism and Zionism, Juwish Social Studies, Vol.40, No.2,1978(4):95-116.
    ①V.L.Allen, Valuations and Historical Interpretation: A Case Study, The British Journal of Sociology,Vol.14, No.1,1963(3):48-58.
    ②J.A.Hall, The Roles and Influence of Political Intellectuals: Tawney vs Sidney Webb, The British Journalof Sociology, Vol.28, No.3,1977(9):351-362.
    ③Alan. J. Kidd, Historian or Polemicists? How the Webbs Wrote Their History of the English Poor Laws,The Economic History Review, Vol.40, No.3,1987(8):400-417.
    ④张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003.
    ①曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇研究[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2012.
    ②徐觉哉.社会主义流派史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1999:204-223.
    ③中共中央党校科学社会主义教研室社会主义思想史编写组.社会主义思想史[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,1984:391-397.
    ④高放,黄达强.社会主义思想史[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1987:776-791.
    ⑤马句等.民主社会主义的由来和演变[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1991:30-34.
    ⑥蓝瑛,谢宗范.社会主义流派政治思想述评[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,1988:113-134.
    ⑦蓝瑛.社会主义政治学说史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1992:698-713.
    ①钱乘旦,许洁明.英国通史[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2002.
    ②王荣堂.英国近代史纲[M].沈阳:辽宁大学出版社,1988.
    ③徐大同.西方政治思想史[M].天津:天津教育出版社,2002.
    ④胡康大.英国的政治制度[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010.
    ⑤高岱.英国政党政治的新起点——第一次世界大战与英国自由党的没落[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
    ⑥钱乘旦.工业革命与英国工人阶级[M].南京:南京出版社,1992.
    ⑦夏炎德.欧美经济史[M].上海:上海三联书店,1991.
    ⑧钱乘旦,陈晓律.在传统与变革之间——英国文化模式溯源[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991.
    ⑨牛京辉.英国功用主义伦理思想研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2002.
    ①陈修斋.欧洲哲学史上的经验主义和理性主义[M].北京:人民出版社,1986.
    ②陈乐民,周弘.欧洲文明的进程[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2003.
    ③殷叙彝.民主社会主义论[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2007.
    ④戴本博.外国教育史(中)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1990.
    ⑤雷通群.西洋教育史[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2010.
    ⑥王承绪.伦敦大学[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1995.
    ⑦于海.西方社会思想史[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2010.
    ①岳蓉.英国民族国家研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2004.
    ②李琮.西欧社会保障制度[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.
    ③丁建国,杨凤娟.英国社会保障制度的发展[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2004.
    ④丁建定.从济贫到社会保险——英国现代社会保障制度的建立[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000.
    ⑤陈晓律.英国福利制度的由来与发展[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1996.
    ⑥丁建定,魏科科.社会福利思想[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005.
    ⑦韩佳辰等.国际工人运动历史人物传[M].北京:工人出版社,1988.
    ⑧殷叙彝.当代西欧社会党人物传[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1989.
    ①刘成,马约生.欧洲社会民主主义的缘起与演进[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2006.
    ②李华峰.英国工党与工会关系研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
    ③关勋夏.费边社会主义的产生及其反动本质[J].科学社会主义,1980(9):11-21.
    ④关勋夏.19世纪80年代社会主义重新在英国出现[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),1995(1):86-94.
    ⑤曹绍濂.费边社思想的批判[J].武汉大学学报(人文科学版),1956(1):53-85.
    ⑥曾汉祥,王凤鸣.英国费边社评析[J].中国人民大学学报,1989(4):77-83.
    ⑦王凤鸣.费边社及费边社会主义述评[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院硕士论文,1989.
    ①徐孝明.英国费边社会主义产生的历史背景与思想渊源[J].杭州师范学院学报,1997(5):30-33.
    ②徐孝明.试论早期费边社会主义的思想特点[J].杭州师范学院学报,1998(4):27-31.
    ③毛杰,于文杰.费边社帝国主义观念的矛盾及其原因[J].贵州社会科学,2013(2):97-99.
    ④陈慧生.费边社的理论活动近况[J].当代世界与社会主义,1989(4):45-48.
    ⑤陈慧生.费边派对待马克思学说的态度[J].当代世界与社会主义,1988(2):32-49.
    ⑥曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇的社会学说和实践[D].南充:西华师范大学历史文化学院硕士论文,2006.
    ⑦曹婉莉,杨和平.韦伯夫妇的福利济贫思想[J].西华师范大学学报,2009(2):68-72.
    ⑧曹婉莉.论韦伯夫妇的社会改良思想及其实践[J].求索,2011(8):79-81.
    ⑨曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇济贫观对我国济贫的启示[J].老区建设,2007(12):63-64.
    ①徐学谦.韦伯夫妇社会改良思想与实践研究[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院硕士论文,2008.
    ②徐学谦.韦伯夫妇社会改良思想与实践[J].当代世界社会主义问题,2008(1):24-31.
    ③余久兴.试论韦伯夫妇的社会研究[D].北京:北京大学历史学院硕士论文,2002.
    ④吴宝爱.韦伯夫妇的改良社会主义思想研究[D].北京:北京大学国际关系学院硕士论文,2007.
    ⑤武振华.韦伯福利思想研究[D].郑州:郑州大学公共管理学院硕士论文,2010.
    ⑥耿伟.试论韦伯夫妇的济贫思想[D].苏州:苏州科技学院硕士论文,2012.
    ⑦张明爱.萧伯纳的费边社会主义思想[D].南京:南京大学历史系硕士论文,2003.
    ①殷叙彝.肖伯纳和“费边论从”[J].读书杂志,1983(2):23-31.
    ②刘继同.“蒂特马斯典范”与费边社会主义福利理论综介[J].人文杂志,2004(1):52-59.
    ③毛杰,于文杰.略论费边社的社会福利思想[J].史学月刊,2012(4):72-76.
    ④刘淑青.论费边社的现代福利理论[J].德州学院学报,2002(3):68-71.
    ⑤袁德.评费边社会主义学派的福利观[J].社会福利,2002(3):16-17.
    ⑥万璐.早期费边社会主义福利思想及其评价(1184-1914)[D].武汉:华中科技大学社会学系硕士论文,2009.
    ⑦卢毅.平社与费边社渊源初探——兼论拉斯基学说在中国[J].学术研究,2002(3):74-79.
    ⑧刘雅丽.王造时早期国家理论探析——“费边社会主义式的想法”[J].社会主义研究,2004(12):20-23.
    ①刘是今.一个鲜为人知的费边社会主义宣传团体——主张与批评派初探(上)[J].广西社会科学,2007(12):95-98.
    ②刘是今.20世纪30年代王造时费边社会主义思想述论[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2012(6):57-60.
    ③毛杰.费边社对初期英国工党的影响(1900-1918)[J].网络财富,2010(6):137-139.
    ④樊文治.英国独立劳工政治运动与费边社会主义[J].世界历史,1990(2):26-34.
    ⑤吴晓奎.战后初期英国工党“民主社会主义”改革的思想来源[J].历史教学,2004(11):66-68.
    ⑥冯宁.英德第三条道路思想渊源与现代分合[J].天津行政学院学报,2008(11):16-20.
    ⑦张文成.费边社与英国工人运动(1884-1900)[D].北京:北京大学国际关系学院硕士论文,1985.
    ⑧顾群.试论费边社对战后英国工党的影响[D].北京:北京大学国际关系学院硕士论文,2006.
    ⑨辛奇.英国工党的“民主社会主义改革”[J].山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),1990(6):20-71.
    ①中国大百科全书出版社编辑部.中国大百科全书(简明版)3[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1995:1343.
    ②中国大百科全书出版社《简明不列颠百科全书》编辑部.简明不列颠百科全书3[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2009:90.
    ③高狄等.马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林毛泽东著作大辞典[Z].长春:长春出版社,1991:914.
    ④高清海等.文史哲百科辞典[Z].长春:吉林大学出版社,1988:598.
    ⑤彭克宏等.社会科学大词典[Z].北京:中国国际广播出版社出版,1989:499.
    ①中国大百科全书出版社编辑部.中国大百科全书政治学[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1992:93.
    ②王克勤等.世界知识大辞典[Z].北京:世界知识出版社,1988:782.
    ③《简明社会科学词典》编辑委员会.简明社会科学词典[Z].上海:上海辞书社.1982:791.
    ④刘佩弦等.马克思主义与当代辞典[Z].北京:中国人民大学出版社.1988:580-581.
    ⑤中国大百科全书出版社《简明不列颠百科全书》编辑部.简明不列颠百科全书3[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2009:90.
    ⑥《简明社会科学词典》编辑委员会.简明社会科学词典[Z].上海:上海辞书社.1982:791.
    ⑦中国大百科全书出版社编辑部.中国大百科全书(简明版)3[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1995:1343.
    ⑧王克勤等.世界知识大辞典[Z].北京:世界知识出版社,1988:782.
    ⑨王克勤等.世界知识大辞典[Z].北京:世界知识出版社,1988:782.
    ①刘延勃等.哲学辞典[Z].长春:吉林人民出版社,1988:512.
    ②刘建明等.宣传舆论学大辞典[Z].北京:经济日报出版社,1992:32.
    ③何新等.中外文化知识辞典[Z].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1989:298.
    ④中国大百科全书出版社编辑部.中国大百科全书政治学[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1992:93.
    ⑤刘佩弦等.马克思主义与当代辞典[Z].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1988:580-581.
    ⑥中国大百科全书出版社编辑部.中国大百科全书政治学[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1992:93.
    ⑦刘金质等.国际政治大辞典[Z].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1994:511.
    ⑧高狄等.马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林毛泽东著作大辞典[Z].长春:长春出版社,1991:914.
    ⑨刘金质等.国际政治大辞典[Z].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1994:511.
    ①于俊文等.马克思主义百科辞典(上卷)[Z].长春:东北师大出版社,1987:788.
    ②辞海编辑委员会.辞海国际分册(修订版)[Z].上海:上海辞书出版社,1981:90.
    ③哲学大辞典编辑委员会.哲学大辞典[Z].上海:上海辞书出版社,1992:1283.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:87.
    ②M. Cole,1893-1980: The Story of Fabian Socialism. London: Heinemann,1961:175-176.
    ③[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:87-88
    ④M. Cole,1893-1980: The Story of Fabian Socialism. London: Heinemann,1961:85.
    ⑤Mary Agnes Hamilton, Beatrice and Sidney Webb, London: Sampson Low, Marston&CO. LTD,1932:32.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:32.
    ②马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集:第39卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,译.北京:人民出版社,1975:8.
    ①曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇研究[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2012:13.
    ②System of Tripartite,即生产所得由地主、佃农以及佃农雇佣的农工三分。
    ①W. H. B. Court, British History:1870-1914, Commentaries and Documents, Cambridge,1965:45-49.
    ②R. C. O. Matthews, British Economic Growth:1856-1973, Stanford,1982:228-231.
    ③[美]戴维·罗伯茨.英国史——1688年至今[M].鲁光恒,译.广州:中山大学出版社,1990:328-330.
    ④[美]保罗·肯尼迪.大国的兴衰[M].蒋葆英,等译.北京:国际文化出版公司,2006:252.
    ⑤[美]保罗·肯尼迪.大国的兴衰[M].蒋葆英,等译.北京:国际文化出版公司,2006:253.
    ①William Booth, In the Darkest London and the Way Out, London: Diggory Press,1885:19-20.
    ②[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:341.
    ③E. Royle, Modern Britain: A Social History,1750-1985, Arnold,1988:159.
    ④William Booth, In the Darkest London and the Way Out, London: Diggory Press,1885:20.
    ⑤[英]韦伯夫妇,英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:247.
    ⑥[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:340.
    ①[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:1.
    ①[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:324.
    ②[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:343.
    ③[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:344.
    ①马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第3卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:12-13.
    ②钱乘旦,陈晓律.在传统与变革之间——英国文化模式溯源[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991:1.
    ③[英]约翰·密尔.论自由[M].许宝骙,译.北京:商务印书馆,1982:1-2.
    ①转引自:钱乘旦,陈晓律.在传统与变革之间——英国文化模式溯源[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991:45.
    ②转引自:钱乘旦,陈晓律.在传统与变革之间——英国文化模式溯源[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991:45.
    ①马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第3卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:559.
    ①Hubert Bland, The Outlook of Socialism in G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed. London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:239.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:81.
    ②Hubert Bland, The Outlook of Socialism in G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed. London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:255.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:101.
    ②[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:82.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:83.
    ②[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:87.
    ③[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:115-116.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:114.
    ②[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:114.
    ③[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:116.
    ①张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:127.
    ②Asa Briggs, Introduction in G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed. London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:18.
    ③王凤鸣.费边社及费边社会主义述评[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院.1989.p47.
    ④Sidney Webb, The Historical Basis of Socialism in G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed. London:George Allen&Unwin,1962:18.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:118.
    ②[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:105-106.
    ①中国大百科全书出版社《简明不列颠百科全书》编辑部.简明不列颠百科全书3[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2009:431.
    ②Sidney Webb, Socialism: True and False, Fabian Tract No.51. London: Fabian Society,1899:6.
    ③Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.,1948:210.
    ④Sister Barbars E. Nolan, The Political Theory of Beatrice Webb, New York: Ams Press Inc,1988:
    145-151.
    ⑤Mark Bevir, Sidney Webb: Utilitarianism, Positivism, and Social Democracy, The Journal of ModernHistory, Vol.74, No.2.2002:218.
    ①[英]边沁.政府片论[M].沈叔平,等译.北京:商务印书馆,2009:99.
    ②牛京辉.英国功用主义伦理思想研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2002:55.
    ①[英]约翰·密尔.论自由[M].许宝骙,译.北京:商务印书馆,1982:14.
    ②William Irvine, Shaw, The Fabians and the Utilitarians, Journal of The History of Ideas, Vol. Ⅷ,No.4.1947:222.
    ①[德]罗莎·卢森堡.卢森堡文选(上卷)[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局国际共运史研究所,编译.北京:人民出版社,1984:391.
    ①A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:61-62.
    ②William Irvine, George Bernard Shaw and Karl Marx, The Journal of Economic History, Vol.6,1946(1):72.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:142.
    ②[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:95.
    ③[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:248.
    ④马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:611.
    ①马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:619.
    ②马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集:第18卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,1964:179.
    ③马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:414.
    ④Sidney Webb, Socialism in England. London: Swan Sonnenschein,1890:8.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:12.
    ②[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:11.
    ③James Fuchs, The Socialism of Shaw, New York: Vanguard Press,1926:147.
    ④马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:92.
    ①马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:92.
    ②Sidney Webb, The Decline in the Birthrate, Fabian Tract No.131. London: Fabian Society,1907:2.
    ③[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:241.
    ④[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:250.
    ①《圣经·加拉太书3》:诉求28.
    ①《圣经·马太福音22》:37-40.
    ②《圣经·约翰福音13》:34.
    ③Samuel Smiles, Self Help, London: Book Jungle.2009:1-3.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:29.
    ①据玛格丽特·柯尔在《费边社史》中记载,费边社自1907年起形成了这样的惯例,即作者在《短评》上署名,并由执行委员会决定出版,无须经社员大会批准。
    ①Margaret Cole, The Story of Fabian Socialism, New York: John Wiley&Sons,1964:54.
    ②William Irvine, Shaw, The Fabians and the Utilitarians, Journal of The History of Ideas, Vol. Ⅷ,No.4.1947:220.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:263.
    ①[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:39.
    ②[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:76.
    ①殷叙彝.当代西欧社会党人物传[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1989:134.
    ②Alexander Gray, The Socialist Tradition: Moses to Lenin, London: Longmans, Green and Co.Ltd,1948:389.
    ①Mary Agnes Hamilton, Beatrice and Sidney Webb, London: Sampson Low, Marston&CO.LTD,1932:240.
    ①G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:215-216.
    ②G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:179.
    ①G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:216.
    ②Sidney Webb, The Difficulties of Individualism, Fabian Tract No.69. London: Fabian Society,1896:6.
    ③Sidney Webb, The Historical Basis of Socialism in G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed. London:George Allen&Unwin,1962:77-84.
    ①G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:222.
    ②Mulford. Q. Sibly, Political Ideas and Ideologies: A History of Political Thought. New York: Harper&Row,1970:527.
    ①G. B. Shaw, Everybody’s Political What’s What. London: Constable,1944:244-366.
    ②Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.,1948:97.
    ①Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co. Ltd.,1948:120.
    ①S. and B. Webb, A Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain, London: Longmans,1920:117.
    ②S. and B. Webb, A Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain, London: Longmans,1920:115-128.
    ①A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:95.
    ②[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:13.
    ③[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:29.
    ④[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等:《新费边论文集》,香港新启蒙出版社1953年出版,第31页。
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等:《新费边论文集》,香港新启蒙出版社1953年出版,第40页。
    ①A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:29.
    ①Margaret Cole, The Story of Fabian Socialism, New York: John Wiley&Sons,1964:4.
    ②张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:180.
    ③Sidney Webb, Socialism in England. London: Swan Sonnenschein,1890:10.
    ④[英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922:27.
    ⑤[英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922:231.
    ⑥G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:260.
    ⑦Sidney Webb, Socialism: True and False, Fabian Tract No.51. London: Fabian Society,1899:6.
    ①不在地主所有权(absentee ownership)在资本主义上,本指不参与直接生产的地主所拥有的权利,相对名词为佃权。此种权利在某些时候为负面用词,19世纪中期,实施市场开放最力的美国政府还将拥有2000公亩以上的不在地主所有权视为投机。20世纪后,该名词后来普遍于审计制度被引申为非经营者的业主权益。
    ②G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:58.
    ③[英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922:28.
    ①[英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922:68.
    ②G. D. H. Cole, A History of Socialist Thought, Vol. Ⅲ, The Second International1889-1914, London:Macmillan,1956:118.
    ①The Fabian Society, Report on Fabian Policy and Resolutions, Fabian Tract No.70. London: FabianSociety,1896:6.
    ①Sidney Ball, The Moral Aspects of Socialism, Fabian Tract No.72. London: Fabian Society,1896:1.
    ②[英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922:28.
    ③Hubert Bland, The Outlook of Socialism in G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed. London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:248.
    ④Sidney Ball, The Moral Aspects of Socialism, Fabian Tract No.72. London: Fabian Society,1896:2.
    ①G. B. Shaw, What Socialism Is, Fabian Tract No.13. London: Fabian Society,1890:3.
    ②Sidney Webb, Socialism: True and False, Fabian Tract No.51. London: Fabian Society,1899:13.
    ③The Fabian Society, Report on Fabian Policy and Resolutions, Fabian Tract No.70. London: FabianSociety,1896:9.
    ④S. and B. Webb, The Consumer’s Co-operative Movement, London: Longmans,1921:481.
    ⑤G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:149.
    ①Sidney Webb, Socialism: True and False, Fabian Tract No.51. London: Fabian Society,1899:17-18.
    ①Sidney Webb, An Eight Hours Bill, Fabian Tract No.9. London: Fabian Society,1889:1-15.
    ②Sidney Webb, Twentieth Century Politic: A Policy of National Efficiency, Fabian Tract No.108. London:Fabian Society,1899:8.
    ①[英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922:33.
    ②Sidney Webb, Socialism: True and False, Fabian Tract No.51. London: Fabian Society,1899:17.
    ③Sidney Webb, Socialism: True and False, Fabian Tract No.51. London: Fabian Society,1899:18.
    ①G. B. Shaw, The Intelligent Woman’s Guide to Socialism and Capitalism, Vol.Ⅱ, London: Pelican,1937:
    304.
    ②S. and B. Webb, The Decay of Capitalist Civilization, London: Longmans,1923:54.
    ①G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:192-193.
    ②[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:102.
    ①A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:105.
    ①S. and B. Webb, The Consumer’s Co-operative Movement, London: Longmans,1921:461-462.
    ②[英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936:599-600.
    ①S. and B. Webb, A Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain, London: Longmans,1920:147.
    ②Philip Snowden, Socialism and Syndicalism, London: Collins,1913:142-143.
    ①刘福仁等.现代农村经济辞典[Z].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1991:625.
    ②G. B. Shaw, Fabian Parliament League, Fabian Tract No.6. London: Fabian Society,1887:7.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:110-111.
    ①[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:222.
    ②http://baike.so.com/doc/1124627.html.
    ③[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:218.
    ①J. R. Hicks, Value and Capital, New York: Oxford University Press,1939:172.
    ②[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:230.
    ③[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:216.
    ①G. B. Shaw, What Socialism Is, Fabian Tract No.13. London: Fabian Society,1891:3.
    ②王凤鸣.费边社及费边社会主义述评[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院硕士论文.1989:49.
    ①Alexander Gray, The Socialist Tradition: Moses to Lenin, London: Longmans, Green,1948:387.
    ②Fabian News, January1909.
    ③Edward. R. Pease, Capital and Compensation, Fabian Tract No.147. London: Fabian Society,1909:15.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:103.
    ②[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:51-55.
    ③[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:74.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:78.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:80.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:81.
    ②[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:82.
    ①A. V. Judges, The Educational Influence of the Webbs, The British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol.10,No.1,1961(11):33-48.
    ②A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:208.
    ③曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇研究[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2012:234.
    ①雷通群.西洋教育史[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2010:333.
    ②雷通群.西洋教育史[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2010:344.
    ③徐学谦.韦伯夫妇社会改良思想与实践研究[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院硕士论文.2008:76.
    ①转引自:[英]安迪·格林.教育与国家形成:英、法、美教育体系起源之比较[M].王春华等,译.北京:教育科学出版社,2004:327.
    ②[英]欧文.欧文选集(下卷)[M].柯象峰,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1965:69-70.
    ③[英]欧文.欧文选集(上卷)[M].柯象峰,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1965:16.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:111.
    ②A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:208-209.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:209.
    ④A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:208.
    ⑤A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:208.
    ⑥Sidney Webb, The Education Muddle and the Way Out, Fabian Tract No.106. London: Fabian Society,1901:22.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:124.
    ②钱乘旦,陈晓律.在传统与变革之间——英国文化模式溯源[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991:109.
    ①A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:25.
    ②曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇研究[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2012:242.
    ①Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949:43.
    ②The Fabian Society, Report on Fabian Policy and Resolutions, Fabian Tract No.70. London: FabianSociety,1896:5.
    ③[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:269.
    ④Graham Wallas, Property Under Socialism in G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed. London: GeorgeAllen&Unwin,1962:181.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:81.
    ②A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:207.
    ③Lisanne Radice, Beatrice and Sidney Webb—Fabian Socialist, London: The Macmillan Press LTD,1984:
    115.
    ④Lisanne Radice, Beatrice and Sidney Webb—Fabian Socialist, London: The Macmillan Press LTD,1984:
    115.
    ⑤A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:206.
    ①Norman Mackenzie, The Letters of Sidney and Beatrice Webb, London: Cambridge University Press,1978:173-174.
    ①A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:211.
    ②Royden J. Harrison, The Life and Times of Sidney and Beatrice Webb, London: Macmillan Press Ltd.,2000:272.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:211.
    ④A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:211.
    ①Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948:79.
    ②根据1890年《关税和消费税法案》规定,由各地方税收部门向啤酒和烈性酒供应商征收一定数额的关税。
    ①A. V. Judges, The Educational Influence of the Webbs, The British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol.10,No.1,1961(11):41.
    ②Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948:78.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:210.
    ④Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949:44.
    ①曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇研究[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2012:241.
    ②Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948:86.
    ③郭德红.伦敦政治经济学院的办学特色[J].比较教育研究,2007(4):1.
    ④Dahrendorf, Ralf, LSE: A History of the London School of Economics and Political Science (1895-1995),New York: Oxford University Press,1995:5.
    ⑤郭德红.伦敦政治经济学院的发展模式[J].清华大学教育研究,2007(10):93.
    ①Lisanne Radice, Beatrice and Sidney Webb—Fabian Socialist, London: The Macmillan Press LTD,1984:119.
    ①Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948:94-95.
    ②Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949:42-43.
    ③Lisanne Radice, Beatrice and Sidney Webb—Fabian Socialist, London: The Macmillan Press LTD,1984:120.
    ④[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:73.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:73.
    ②[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:74.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:77.
    ②[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:77.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:76.
    ②Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948:89.
    ①A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:219.
    ②刘新,伦敦经济学院简介[EB/OL]. http://sj.shufe.edu.cn/science/6.htm.2006-10-25.
    ①郭德红.伦敦政治经济学院的发展模式[J].清华大学教育研究,2007(10):96.
    ②郭德红.伦敦政治经济学院的发展模式[J].清华大学教育研究,2007(10):96.
    ①郭德红.伦敦政治经济学院的发展模式[J].清华大学教育研究,2007(10):97.
    ②郭德红.伦敦政治经济学院的发展模式[J].清华大学教育研究,2007(10):97.
    ①N. B. Harte, The University of London,1836-1986: An Illustrated History, London: Athlone Press,1986:139-140.
    ②N. B. Harte, The University of London,1836-1986: An Illustrated History, London: Athlone Press,1986:140.
    ①Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948:102.
    ②Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948:102.
    ①Sidney Webb, London Education, London: Longmans,1904:65.
    ①Sidney Webb, London Education, London: Longmans,1904:52-53.
    ②[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:184.
    ②[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:186.
    ①[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:187.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:131.
    ①[英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011:193.
    ①[英]阿·莱·莫尔顿:人民的英国史[M].谢琏造,瞿菊农,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1976:540.
    ②Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948:442.
    ①Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Public Organization of the Labor Market—The Minority Report of thePoor Law Commission,PartⅡ, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1909: Ⅱ.
    ②Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Break Up of the Poor Law—The Minority Report of the Poor LawCommission, PartⅠ, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1909:71.
    ①Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Break Up of the Poor Law—The Minority Report of the Poor LawCommission, PartⅠ, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1909:15.
    ②Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Break Up of the Poor Law—The Minority Report of the Poor LawCommission, PartⅠ, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1909:16.
    ①马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:488.
    ②刘建伶.从贫穷救助到国民保险:以韦伯夫妇及英国皇家委员会报告书为讨论对象(1905-1912)[D].台北:台湾大学硕士论文.1984:43.
    ①London Municipal Society and National Union of Ratepayers’ Association, The Abuse of Poor Law Reliefin Bermondsey, Southwark, Greenwich (Deptford), Shoreditch and Woolwich Socialism in LocalGovernment,London: London Municipal Society and National Union of Ratepayers’ Association,1927:4-5.
    ②London Municipal Society and National Union of Ratepayers’ Association, The Abuse of Poor LawRelief in Bermondsey, Southwark, Greenwich (Deptford), Shoreditch and Woolwich Socialism in LocalGovernment,London: London Municipal Society and National Union of Ratepayers’ Association,1927:9.
    ③马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009:486.
    ①Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Break Up of the Poor Law—The Minority Report of the Poor LawCommission, PartⅠ, London:Longmans, Green and Co.,1909:36.
    ①Lisanne Radice, Beatrice and Sidney Webb—Fabian Socialist, London: The Macmillan Press LTD,1984:161.
    ②Lisanne Radice, Beatrice and Sidney Webb—Fabian Socialist, London: The Macmillan Press LTD,1984:165.
    ①Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Public Organization of the Labor Market—The Minority Report of thePoor Law Commission, Part Ⅱ, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1909:333.
    ②Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Public Organization of the Labor Market—The Minority Report of thePoor Law Commission, Part Ⅱ, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1909:325-330.
    ①Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Public Organization of the Labor Market—The Minority Report of thePoor Law Commission, Part Ⅱ, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1909:299.
    ②Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949:112.
    ③Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949:104.
    ④张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:394.
    ⑤[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:144.
    ①Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949:101.
    ②[英]乔·柯尔.费边社会主义[M].夏遇南,吴澜,译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:23.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:146.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:146.
    ①叶笃初,卢先福.党的建设辞典[Z].北京:中共中央党校出版社,2009:3-4.
    ②张文成.费边社与英国工人运动(1884-1900)[D].北京:北京大学国际关系学院硕士论文,1985:45.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:344-345.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:340.
    ②A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:314.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:101-102.
    ②[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:103-104.
    ③[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:108.
    ①A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:321.
    ①The Fabian Society, A Manifesto, Fabian Tract No.2. London: Fabian Society,1884:1.
    ②A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:316.
    ③[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:173.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:201.
    ①Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949:170.
    ②A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:343.
    ①《工党第十七届年度报告》,1918年,第140页。
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:181.
    ②[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:181.
    ③[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:176.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:205.
    ②[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:242.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:338.
    ②[英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922:203.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:343.
    ①马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集:第39卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,1964:430.
    ①G. D. H. Cole,“Fabianism”, Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. Ⅵ, New York: Macmillan,1962:49.
    ②R. H. S. Crossman, ed., New Fabian Essays, London: J. M. Dent&Sons,1970:4.
    ③R. H. S. Crossman, ed., New Fabian Essays, London: J. M. Dent&Sons,1970: ⅸ.
    ①Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3.1952:449-450.
    ②Adam B. Ulam, Philosophical Foundation of English Socialism. New York: Octagon Books,1964:79.
    ①Adam B. Ulam, Philosophical Foundation of English Socialism. New York: Octagon Books,1964:79.
    ②Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3.1952:470.
    ①Ernest Barker, Political Thought in England,1848-1914, London: Oxford University Press,1959:191.
    ②Alexander Gray, The Socialist Tradition: Moses to Lenin, London: Longmans, Green,1948:400.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:328.
    ④Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,
    ①徐觉哉.社会主义流派史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1999:510.
    ①张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:399.
    ②[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:352.
    ①王凤鸣.费边社及费边社会主义述评[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院硕士论文.1989:51-56.
    ①[英]萧伯纳等.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958:116.
    ②Alexander Gray, The Socialist Tradition: Moses to Lenin, London: Longmans, Green,1948:397.
    ③O. D. Skelton, Socialism: A Critical Analysis, London: Crstable,1911:289.
    ①[英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼等.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953:1.
    ②张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:355.
    ①G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:82.
    ②G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed., London: George Allen&Unwin,1962:166.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:68.
    ①[法]查理·季特,查理·黎世德.经济思想史(第四册)[M].楼桐孙,译.台北:台北“中华文化出版事业委员会”,1957:107.
    ②A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:46.
    ③A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962:44.
    ①Bowle John, Politics and Option in the Nineteenth Century: An Historical Introduction. London:Jonathan Cape,1966:425.
    ②Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3.1952:454.
    ①Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3.1952:450.
    ②[英]郎特曼.英国社会主义文萃[M].白憶民,孙宝刚,译.九龙:新社会出版社,1954:53.
    ③[英]郎特曼.英国社会主义文萃[M].白憶民,孙宝刚,译.九龙:新社会出版社,1954:53.
    ①[英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984:90.
    ①张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:390.
    ②Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3.1952:34.
    ③王凤鸣.费边社及费边社会主义述评[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院硕士论文.1989:73.
    ①Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3.1952:459.
    ②Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3.1952:459.
    ③张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:393.
    ①唐俐.社会管理创新的法治逻辑考量[J].人民论坛,2013(9):38.
    ②唐俐.社会管理创新的法治逻辑考量[J].人民论坛,2013(9):38.
    ①转引自:唐俐.社会管理创新的法治逻辑考量[J].人民论坛,2013(9):38.
    ①邓小平.邓小平文选:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1994:146.
    ②《党的十六大报告》http://www.ce.cn/ztpd/xwzt/guonei/2003/sljsanzh/szqhbj/t20031009_1763196.shtml
    ③田恒国.加快推进社会主义民主政治制度化、规范化、程序化[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2012(12):15.
    ①《教育部长袁贵仁在2014年全国教育工作会议上的讲话》http://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zc/moe/201402/20140...
    ①《教育部长袁贵仁在2014年全国教育工作会议上的讲话》http://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zc/moe/201402/20140...
    ②《教育部长袁贵仁在2014年全国教育工作会议上的讲话》http://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zc/moe/201402/20140...
    ③《教育部长袁贵仁在2014年全国教育工作会议上的讲话》http://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zc/moe/201402/20140...
    ①《教育部长袁贵仁在2014年全国教育工作会议上的讲话》http://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zc/moe/201402/20140...
    ②《教育部长袁贵仁在2014年全国教育工作会议上的讲话》http://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zc/moe/201402/20140...
    ③《教育部长袁贵仁在2014年全国教育工作会议上的讲话》http://gaokao.chsi.com.cn/gkxx/zc/moe/201402/20140...
    ①Max Beer, A History of British Socialism, Vol.Ⅱ, London: Allen&Unwin,1953:287.
    ②张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003:401.
    [1]张明贵.费边社会主义思想[M].台北:中国台北五南图书出版股份有限公司,2003.
    [2]曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇研究[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2012.
    [3]钱乘旦,陈晓律.在传统与变革之间——英国文化模式溯源[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,1991.
    [4]殷叙黎.民主社会主义论[M].北京:中央编译出版社,2006.
    [5]邓小平.邓小平文选:第2卷[M].北京:人民出版社,1994.
    [6]徐觉哉.社会主义流派史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1999.
    [7]中共中央党校科学社会主义教研室社会主义思想史编写组.社会主义思想史[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,1984.
    [8]高放,黄达强主编.社会主义思想史[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1987.
    [9]蓝瑛,谢宗范.社会主义流派政治思想述评[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,1988.
    [10]蓝瑛.社会主义政治学说史[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1992.
    [11]王荣堂.英国近代史纲[M].沈阳:辽宁大学出版社,1988.
    [12]徐大同.西方政治思想史[M].天津:天津教育出版社,2002.
    [13]钱乘旦.英国通史[M].上海:上海社会科学院出版社,2002.
    [14]胡康大.英国的政治制度[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2010.
    [15]刘成,马约生.欧洲社会民主主义的缘起与演进[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2006.
    [16]陈乐民,周弘.欧洲文明的进程[M].北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2003.
    [17]高岱.英国政党政治的新起点——第一次世界大战与英国自由党的没落[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
    [18]马句.民主社会主义的由来[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,1991.
    [19]陈修斋.欧洲哲学史上的经验主义与理性主义[M].北京:人民出版社,1986.
    [20]牛京辉.英国功用主义伦理思想研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2002.
    [21]丁建定.从济贫到社会保险——英国现代社会保障制度的建立[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000.
    [22]陈晓律.英国福利制度的由来与发展[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1996.
    [23]李琮.西欧社会保障制度[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.
    [24]丁建国,杨凤娟.英国社会保障制度的发展[M].北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,2004.
    [25]丁建定,魏科科.社会福利思想[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2005.
    [26]夏炎德.欧美经济史[M].上海:上海三联书店,1991.
    [27]汤慎之.现代经济思潮[M].台北:台北黎明文化事业公司,1977.
    [28]于海.西方社会思想史[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2010.
    [29]戴本博.外国教育史(中)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1990.
    [30]雷通群.西洋教育史[M].长沙:岳麓书社,2010.
    [31]王承绪.伦敦大学[M].长沙:湖南教育出版社,1995.
    [32]中国社会科学院马列所.国际工人运动历史人物传[M].北京:工人出版社,1988.
    [33]岳蓉.英国民族国家研究[M].贵阳:贵州人民出版社,2004.
    [34]钱乘旦.工业革命与英国工人阶级[M].南京:南京出版社,1992.
    [35]李华峰.英国工党与工会关系研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
    [36]裘援平,柴尚金,林德山.当代社会民主主义与“第三条道路”[M].北京:当代世界出版社,2004.
    [37]德国社会民主党关于伯恩施坦问题的争论[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局国际共运史研究室,编译.北京:三联书店,1981.
    [38]殷叙彝.当代西欧社会党人物传[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1989.
    [39]韩佳辰等.国际工人运动历史人物传[M].北京:工人出版社,1988.
    [1]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第1卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009.
    [2]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第3卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009.
    [3]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯文集:第10卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,2009.
    [4]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集:第18卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,1964.
    [5]马克思,恩格斯.马克思恩格斯全集:第39卷[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局,编译.北京:人民出版社,1975.
    [6]马克思.资本论:第1卷[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
    [7][英]萧伯纳.费边论丛[M].袁绩藩,朱应庚,赵宗煜,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1958.
    [8][英]R.H.S.克劳斯曼.新费边论文集[M].何声,辑述.香港:新启蒙出版社,1953.
    [9][英]乔·柯尔.费边社会主义[M].夏遇南,吴澜,译.北京:商务印书馆,1984.
    [10][英]玛格丽特·柯尔.费边社史[M].杜安夏,杜小敬,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1984.
    [11][英]辟司.费边社史[M].薛嘘成,沈端方,译.上海:商务印书馆,1922.
    [12][英]G.D.H.柯尔.社会主义思想史[M].何瑞丰,译.北京:商务印书馆,1981.
    [13][英]安东尼·克罗斯兰.社会主义的未来[M].轩传树,朱美荣,张寒,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2011.
    [14][英]韦伯夫妇.英国工会运动史[M].陈建民,译.北京:商务印书馆,1936.
    [15][英]韦伯夫妇.社会研究法[M].钱亦石,詹哲尊,译.北京:商务印书馆,1948.
    [16][英]韦伯夫妇.资本主义文明的衰亡[M].秋水,译.上海:上海人民出版社,2005.
    [17][英]阿萨·勃里格斯.英国社会史[M].陈叔平,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1991.
    [18][英]安东尼·吉登斯.第三条道路——社会民主主义的复兴[M].郑戈,译.北京:北京大学出版社,2000.
    [19][英]艾德礼.工党的展望[M].吴德芬,赵鸣岐,译.北京:商务印书馆,1961.
    [20][英]亨利·佩林.英国工党简史[M].江南造船厂业余学校英语翻译小组,译.上海:上海人民出版社,1977.
    [21][美]刘易斯·科赛.理念人——一项社会学的考察[M].郭方,等译.北京:中央编译出版社,2001.
    [22][日]川原次吉朗.英国费边协会发达史[M].李超桓,译.上海:太平洋书店,1928.
    [23][美]约翰·麦克里兰.西方政治思想史[M].彭淮栋,译.北京:人民出版社,2010.
    [24][美]熊彼特.资本主义、社会主义和民主主义[M].绛枫,译.北京:商务印书馆,1979.
    [25][英]约翰·密尔.论自由[M].许宝骙,译.北京:商务印书馆,1982.
    [26][法]查理·季特,查理·黎世德.经济思想史(第四册)[M].楼桐孙,译.台北:台北“中华文化出版事业委员会”,1957.
    [27][德]罗莎·卢森堡.卢森堡文选(上卷)[M].中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局国际共运史研究所,编译.北京:人民出版社,1984.
    [28][英]安迪·格林.教育与国家形成:英、法、美教育体系起源之比较[M].王春华,等译.北京:教育科学出版社,2004.
    [29][英]罗伯特·欧文.欧文选集(下卷)[M].柯象峰,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1965.
    [30][英]罗伯特·欧文.欧文选集(上卷)[M].柯象峰,等译.北京:商务印书馆,1965.
    [31][英]阿·莱·莫尔顿.人民的英国史[M].谢琏造,瞿菊农,译.北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1976.
    [32][德]爱德华·伯恩施坦.一个社会主义者的发展过程[M].史集,译.北京:三联书店,1962.
    [33][英]郎特曼.英国社会主义文萃[M].白憶民,孙宝刚,译.九龙:新社会出版社,1954.[34][英]边沁.政府片论[M].沈叔平,等译.北京:商务印书馆,2009.
    [1]曾汉祥,王凤鸣.英国费边社评析[J].中国人民大学学报,1989(4):77-83.
    [2]宫敬才.马克思向未来过渡的三种图式论纲[J].河北大学学报)(哲学社会科学版),2011(3):1-11.
    [3]徐孝明.英国费边社会主义产生的历史背景与思想渊源[J].杭州师范学院学报,1997(5):30-33.
    [4]徐孝明.试论早期费边社会主义的思想特点[J].杭州师范学院学报,1998(4):27-31.
    [5]郭德红.伦敦政治经济学院的办学特色[J].比较教育研究,2007(4):63-66.
    [6]郭德红.伦敦政治经济学院的发展模式[J].清华大学教育研究,2007(10):93-98.
    [7]徐学谦.韦伯夫妇社会改良思想与实践[J].当代世界社会主义问题,2008(1):24-31.
    [8]关勋夏.费边社会主义的产生及其反动本质[J].科学社会主义,1980(9):11-21.
    [9]关勋夏.19世纪80年代社会主义重新在英国出现[J].华南师范大学学报(社会科学版),1995(1):86-94.
    [10]曹绍濂.费边社思想的批判[J].武汉大学学报(人文科学版),1956(1):53-85.
    [11]陈慧生.费边社的理论活动近况[J].当代世界与社会主义,1989(4):45-48.
    [12]陈慧生.费边派对待马克思学说的态度[J].当代世界与社会主义,1988(2):32-49.
    [13]曹婉莉,杨和平.韦伯夫妇的福利济贫思想[J].西华师范大学学报,2009(2):68-72.
    [14]曹婉莉.论韦伯夫妇的社会改良思想及其实践[J].求索,2011(8):79-81.
    [15]曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇济贫观对我国济贫的启示[J].老区建设,2007(12):63-64.
    [16]殷叙黎.肖伯纳和“费边论从”[J].读书杂志,1983(2):23-31.
    [17]刘继同.“蒂特马斯典范”与费边社会主义福利理论综介[J].人文杂志,2004(1):52-59.
    [18]毛杰,于文杰.略论费边社的社会福利思想[J].史学月刊,2012(4):72-76.
    [19]毛杰.费边社对初期英国工党的影响(1900-1918)[J].网络财富,2010(6):137-139.
    [20]樊文治.英国独立劳工政治运动与费边社会主义[J].世界历史,1990(2):26-34.
    [21]吴晓奎.战后初期英国工党“民主社会主义”改革的思想来源[J].历史教学,2004(11):66-68.
    [22]冯宁.英德第三条道路思想渊源与现代分合[J].天津行政学院学报,2008(11):16-20.
    [23]辛奇.英国工党的“民主社会主义改革”[J].山东师范大学学报(人文社会科学版),1990(6):20-71.
    [24]卢毅.平社与费边社渊源初探——兼论拉斯基学说在中国[J].学术研究,2002(3):74-79.
    [25]刘雅丽.王造时早期国家理论探析——“费边社会主义式的想法”[J].社会主义研究,2004(12):20-23.
    [26]刘是今.一个鲜为人知的费边社会主义宣传团体——主张与批评派初探(上)[J].广西社会科学,2007(12):95-98.
    [27]刘是今.20世纪30年代王造时费边社会主义思想述论[J].湖南师范大学社会科学学报,2012(6):57-60.
    [28]毛杰,于文杰.费边社帝国主义观念的矛盾及其原因[J].贵州社会科学,2013(2):97-99.
    [29]唐莉.社会管理创新的法治逻辑考量[J].人民论坛,2013(9):38-39.
    [30]袁德.评费边社会主义学派的福利观[J].社会福利,2002(3):16-17.
    [31]王军朴.实现社会主义民主政治的制度化、规范化和程序化[J].新东方,2002(11):70-72.
    [32]田恒国.加快推进社会主义民主制度化、规范化、程序化[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2012(12):14-15.
    [1]王凤鸣.费边社及费边社会主义述评[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院,1989.
    [2]张文成.费边社与英国工人运动(1884-1900)[D].北京:北京大学国际关系学院,1985.
    [3]顾群.试论费边社对战后英国工党的影响[D].北京:北京大学国际关系学院,2006.
    [4]程鑫通.英国工党的建立与早期思想研究[D].兰州:兰州大学历史文化学院,2009.
    [5]曹婉莉.韦伯夫妇的社会学说和实践[D].南充:西华师范大学历史文化学院.2006.
    [6]徐学谦.韦伯夫妇社会改良思想与实践研究[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院.2008.
    [7]刘建伶.从贫穷救助到国民保险:以韦伯夫妇及英国皇家委员会报告书为讨论对象(1905-1912)[D].台北:台湾大学社会科学院,1984.
    [8]余久兴.试论韦伯夫妇的社会研究[D].北京:北京大学历史学院.2002.
    [9]吴宝爱.韦伯夫妇的改良社会主义思想研究[D].北京:北京大学国际关系学院.2007.
    [10]武振华.韦伯福利思想研究[D].郑州:郑州大学公共管理学院.2010.
    [11]耿伟.试论韦伯夫妇的济贫思想[D].苏州:苏州科技学院.2012.
    [12]张明爱.萧伯纳的费边社会主义思想[D].南京:南京大学历史学系,2003.
    [13]万璐.早期费边社会主义福利思想及其评价(1184-1914)[D].武汉:华中科技大学社会学系.2009.
    [14]张映宇.英国工党执政理论和实践演变[D].北京:中国人民大学国际关系学院,2009.
    [13]张明.中共十六大以来加强党内程序民主建设的研究[D].江苏:扬州大学马克思主义学院.2011.
    [1]中国大百科全书出版社编辑部.中国大百科全书(简明版)3[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1995.
    [2]中国大百科全书出版社《简明不列颠百科全书》编辑部.简明不列颠百科全书3[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,2009.
    [3]高狄等.马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林毛泽东著作大辞典[Z].长春:长春出版社,1991.
    [4]高清海等.文史哲百科辞典[Z].长春:吉林大学出版社,1988.
    [5]彭克宏等.社会科学大词典[Z].北京:中国国际广播出版社出版,1989.
    [6]中国大百科全书出版社编辑部.中国大百科全书政治学[Z].北京:中国大百科全书出版社,1992.
    [7]王克勤等.世界知识大辞典[Z].北京:世界知识出版社,1988.
    [8]《简明社会科学词典》编辑委员会.简明社会科学词典[Z].上海:上海辞书社.1982.
    [9]刘佩弦等.马克思主义与当代辞典[Z].北京:中国人民大学出版社.1988.
    [10]刘延勃等.哲学辞典[Z].长春:吉林人民出版社,1988.
    [11]刘建明等.宣传舆论学大辞典[Z].北京:经济日报出版社,1992.
    [12]何新等.中外文化知识辞典[Z].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1989.
    [13]刘金质等.国际政治大辞典[Z].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1994.
    [14]于俊文等.马克思主义百科辞典(上卷)[Z].长春:东北师大出版社,1987.
    [15]辞海编辑委员会.辞海国际分册(修订版)[Z].上海:上海辞书出版社,1981.
    [16]哲学大辞典编辑委员会.哲学大辞典[Z].上海:上海辞书出版社.1992.
    [17]叶笃初,卢先福.党的建设辞典[Z].北京:中共中央党校出版社.2009.
    [18]刘福仁等.现代农村经济辞典[Z].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社.1991.
    [1]A.M. Mcbriar, Fabian Socialism and English Politics1884-1918, London: Cambridge University Press,1962.
    [2]Patricia Pugh, Educate, Agitate, Organize:100years of Fabian Socialism, London and New York:Methuen&Co.,1984.
    [3]Carl Levy, Socialism and the Intelligentsia1880-1914, London: Routledge&Kegan Paul,1987.
    [4]Anthony Wright, British Socialism, London: Longmans,1983.
    [5]M. Cole,1893-1980: The Story of Fabian Socialism. London: Heinemann,1961.
    [6]Frank Bealey and Henry Pelling, Labour and Politics, London: Macmillan&Co Ltd,1958.
    [7]Willard Wolfe, From Radicalism to Socialism, New Haven and London: Yale University Press,1975.
    [8]Norman Mackenzie, The Letters of Sidney and Beatrice Webb, London: Cambridge University Press,2009.
    [9]Royden J.Harrison, The Life and Times of Sidney and Beatrice Webb1858-1905: The Formative Years,London: Palgrave Macmillan Press LTD,2000.
    [10]Margaret Cole, The Webbs and Their Work, London: Greenwood Press,1949.
    [11]Norman and Jeanne Mackenzie, The Diary of Beatrice Webb, London: The London School ofEconomics and Political Science,1982.
    [12]Lisanne Radice, Beatrice and Sidney Webb-Fabian Socialist, London: The Macmillan Press LTD,1984.
    [13]Deborah Epstein Nord, The Apprenticeship of Beatrice Webb, London: The University ofMassachusetts Press Amherst,1989.
    [14]Mary Agnes Hamilton, Sidney and Beatrice Webb—A Study in Contemporary Biography, London:Sampson Low, Marston&co.LTD,1933.
    [15]E.Barbara and Nolan, The Political Theory of Beatrice Webb, New York: Ams Press Inc.1988.
    [16]Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Industrial Democracy, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1902.
    [17]Sidney and Beatrice Webb, Soviet Communism: A New Civilization, Third Edition, London: Longmans,Green and Co.,1944.
    [18]George Bernard Shaw, Agitations,—Letters to the Press,1875-1950, New York: Frederick UngarPublishing Co.,1985.
    [19]A.M. Gibbs, A Bernard Shaw Chronology, New York: St.Martin’s Press,2000.
    [20]A.M. Gibbs, Shaw: Interviews and Recollections, Iowa City: University of Iowa Press,1990.
    [21]Arthur Gauz, George Bernard Shaw, London: The Macmillan Press,1983.
    [22]Elsie B. Adams, Critical Essays on George Bernard Shaw, Maxwell Macmillan International,1991.
    [23]Gareth Griffith, Socialism and Superior Brains, London and New York: Routledge,1993.
    [24]George Bernard Shaw, Sixteen Self Sketches, London: Constable&Co.,1949.
    [25]George Bernard Shaw, The Intelligen Women’s Guide to Socialism, Capitalism, Sovietism&Fascism,London: Penguin Books Limited,1937.
    [26]Max Beer, A History of British Socialism, Vol.Ⅱ. London: Allen&Unwin,1953.
    [27]G. B. Shaw, ed., Fabian Essays,6th ed, London: Allen&Unwin,1962.
    [28]Mulford. Q. Sibly, Political Ideas and Ideologies: A History of Political Thought, New York: Harper&Row,1970.
    [29]S. and B. Webb, A Constitution for the Socialist Commonwealth of Great Britain, London: Longmans,1920.
    [30]Sidney Webb, Socialism in England, London: Swan Sonnenschein,1890.
    [31]S. and B. Webb, The Consumer’s Co-operative Movement, London: Longmans,1921.
    [32]Philip Snowden, Socialism and Syndicalism, London: Collins,1913.
    [33]Alexander Gray, The Socialist Tradition: Moses to Lenin, London: Longmans, Green,1948.
    [34]Drake Barbara and Cole Margaret, Our Partnership, London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd.,1948.
    [35]N. B. Harte, The University of London,1836-1986: An Illustrated History, London: Athlone Press,1986.
    [36]Sidney Webb, London Education, London: Longmans,1904.
    [37]Sidney and Beatrice Webb, The Public Organization of the Labour Market-The Minority Report ofthe Poor Law Commission, PartⅠ-Ⅱ, London: Longmans, Green and Co.,1909.
    [38]R. H. S. Crossman, ed., New Fabian Essays, London: J. M. Dent&Sons,1970.
    [39]Adam. B. Ulam, Philosophical Foundation of English Socialism, New York: Octagon Books,1964.
    [40]Ernest Barker, Political Thought in England,1848-1914, London: Oxford University Press,1959.
    [41]Mary Agnes Hamilton, Beatrice and Sidney Webb, London: Sampson Low, Marston&CO. Ltd,1932.
    [42]William Booth, In the Darkest London and the Way Out, London: Diggory Press,1885.
    [43]E. Rovle, Modern Britain: A Social History,1750-1985, London: Arnold,1988.
    [44]S. and B. Webb, History of Trade Unionism, London: Longmans,1920.
    [45]Graham Wallas, Men and Ideas, London: Allen&Unwin,1940.
    [46]S. and B. Webb, The Difficulties of Industrialism in Problesms of Modern Industry, London: Longmans,1898.
    [47]George Lichtheim, A Short History of Socialism, New York: Prager Publishers,1970.
    [48]James Fuchs, The Socialism of Shaw, New York: Vanguard Press,1926.
    [49]Samuel Smiles, Self Help, London: Book Jungle,2009.
    [50]G. B. Shaw, Everybody’s Political What’s What, London: Constable,1944.
    [51]G. D. H. Cole, A History of Socialist Thought, Vol.Ⅲ, The Second International1889-1914, London:Macmillan,1956.
    [52]G. B. Shaw, The Intelligent Woman’s Guide to Socialism and Capitalism, Vol.Ⅱ, London: Pelican,1937.
    [53]S. and B. Webb, The Decay of Capitalist Civilization, London: Longmans,1923.
    [54]J. R. Hicks, Value and Capital, New York: Oxford University Press,1939.
    [55]Dahrendorf Ralf, LSE: A History of the London School of Economics and Political Science(1895-1995), New York: Oxford University Press,1995.
    [56]G. D. H. Cole,“Fabiannism”, Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol.Ⅵ, New York: Macmillan,1962.
    [57]Peter Gray, The Dilemma of Democratic Socialism: Education Bernstein’s Challenge to Marx, NewYork: Macmillan,1979.
    [58]O. D. Skelton, Socialism: A Critical Analysis, London: Crstable,1911.
    [59]Bowle John, Politics and Opinion in the Nineteenth Century: An Historical Introduction, London:Jonathan Cape,1966.
    [60]V. George and P. Wilding, Ideology and Social Welfare, London: Routledge&Kegan Paul,1985.
    [1]Mark bevir, Fabianism, Permeation and Independent Labour, The Historical Journal, Vol.39, No.1,1996(3):179-196.
    [2]Josephine Fishel Milburn, The Fabian Society and the British Labour Party, The Western PoliticalQuarterly, Vol.11, No.2,1958(6):319-339.
    [3]Gordon K Lewis, Fabian Socialism; Some Aspects of Theory and Practice, The Journal of Politics,Vol.14, No.3,1952(8):442-470.
    [4]Mary Peter Mack, The Fabians and Utilitarianism, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol.16, No.1,1955(1):76-78.
    [5]Fred D.Schneider, Fabians and the Utilitarian Idea of Empire, The Review of Politics, Vol.35, No.4,1973(10):501-522.
    [6]Jesse D. Clarkson, The Background of Fabian Theory, The Journal of Economic History, Vol.13, No.4,1953:462-471.
    [7]Jack Melitz, The Trade Unions and Fabian Socialism, Industrial and Labour Relations Review, Vol.12,No.4,1959(1):554-567.
    [8]George J Stigler, Bernard Shaw, Sidney Webb and the Theory of Fabian Socialism, Proceedings of theAmerican Philosophical Society, Vol.103, No.3,1959(6):469-475.
    [9]Mark Bevir, Sidney Webb: Utilitarianism, Positivism and Social Democracy, The Journal of ModernHistory, Vol.74, No.2,2002(6):217-252
    [10]R.H.Tawney, In Memory of Sidney Webb, Economica, New Series, Vol.14, No.56,1947(11):245-253.
    [11]Glenn Perusek, The Internal Politics of Trade Unions: The Neglected View of Sidney and BeatriceWebb, Labour Studies Journal, Vol.18, No.1,1993(4):32-42.
    [12]Cardiff, The Poor Law Reports of1909and the Social Theory of the Charity Organization Society,Victorian Studies, Vol.27, No.3,1984(4):343-363.
    [13]Russel D.Lansbury and Geoffrey J. Prideaux, Industrial Democracy: Toward An Analytical Framework,Journal of Economic Issues, Vol.15, No.2,1981(6):325.
    [14]J.A.Hall, The Roles and Influence of Political Intellectuals: Tawney vs Sidney Webb, The BritishJournal of Sociology, Vol.28, No.3,1977(9):351-362.
    [15]Alan. J. Kidd, Historian or Polemicists? How the Webbs Wrote Their History of the English Poor Laws,The Economic History Review, Vol.40, No.3,1987(8):400-417.
    [16]A. V. Judges, The Educational Influence of the Webbs, The British Journal of Educational Studies,Vol.Ⅺ, No.1,1961(11):33-48.
    [17]William Irvine, George Bernard Shaw and Karl Marx, The Journal of Ecomomic History, Vol. Ⅶ, No.1,1946(5):53-72.
    [18]William Irvine, Shaw, The Fabians and the Utilitarians, Journal of The History of Ideas, Vol.Ⅷ, No.2,1947(4):218-231.
    [19]V. L. Allen, Valuations and Historical Interpretation: A Case Study, The British Journal of Sociology,Vol.14, No.1,1963(3):48-58.
    [20]Yosef, Gorni, Beatrice Webb’s Views on Judaism and Zionism, Juwish Social Studies, Vol.40, No.2,1978(4):95-116.
    [21]Carole Seymour-Jones, Webbs of Intrigue, New Statesman, Vol.Ⅶ, No.283,1993:50.
    [22]Mary E. Murphy, The Role of the Fabian Society in British Affairs, Southern Economic Journal, Vol.14,No.1,1947(7):14-23.
    [23]Jesse D. Klarkson, The Background of Fabian Theory, The Journal of Economic History, Vol.13, No.4,1953(10):462-471.
    [24] Fabian Tract Nos.1―500, London: Fabian Society,1884-1984.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700