自润滑高温发汗体结构模型及扩散特性研究
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摘要
本文基于把软金属润滑剂熔浸到金属陶瓷粉末冶金材料的孔隙中制各自润滑发汗体的方法,建立了一种自润滑发汗体结构模型,探讨发汗体的结构参数,软金属润滑剂的物理性质以及外界条件对其浸渗和扩散的影响。本文的主要研究工作分为以下几个部分:
1) 基于高强圆柱发汗体,提出一种填充计算模型,研究了圆柱发汗体内圆球颗粒的排列方式及其相对大小对孔隙率的影响,给出了圆柱发汗体和圆球颗粒半径比R/r与孔隙率ε的关系曲线,以及圆柱发汗体高和圆球颗粒直径比H/2r与孔隙率ε'的关系曲线,分析结果发现:当R/r和H/2r的值分别大于一定值时,圆柱体试件的孔隙率将趋于稳定值。论文根据圆柱发汗体填充模型分析结果,给出了圆柱体发汗体试件的最小尺寸和推荐尺寸的计算方法。
2) 对采用自发熔融浸渗法将软金属润滑剂渗入金属陶瓷基体材料的过程进行了理论研究,以液态Sn为例分析了润湿角,表面张力,温度条件等对浸渗过程的影响。润湿角小于90°时可以实现自发浸渗,当润湿角大于90°时则需要外加压力才能浸渗。
3) 利用渗流理论对自润滑发汗体的渗透率、孔隙率和润滑剂熔体的粘度对发汗体的扩散特性的影响进行了研究,得出在相同温度和压力梯度下,Sn,Pb,Ag在发汗体内的流动量由大到小依次排列。
The dissertation is based on the method that preparing self-lubricating sweat-sinter by infiltrating liquid soft metal lubricator into the cermet, building a structural model of self-lubricating sweat-sinter, studying the effect of structural parameters of sweat sinter, physics character of soft metal lubricator and working condition on lubricant's infiltrating and diffusing. The main research work is divided into following parts:1. Based on self-lubricating columned sinter with high strength, a filling model has been set up, the effects of arrange style and the relative size between cylinder and ball granule on porosity have been studied, the relative curve between the radius ratio of cylinder to granule(R/r) and porosity(e) and the relative curve between the ratio of cylinder's height to granule's diameter(H/2r) and porosity(e') have been drawn. The results show that porosity trends to a steady value when R/r and H/2r reach to certain values. Based on the analysed results of columned sinter filling model, the calculational methods of minimum size and recommended size of columned sweat-sinter have been given.2. The process that the liquid soft metal lubricator infiltrating into the cermet was sturied by infiltration method, and the effects that the wetting angle, the surface tension of liquid Sn, the temperature, and the pressure on the infiltrating process were analysed. The melt infiltration can be taken spontaneously when the wetting angle is below 90°, but it needs outer pressure when the wetting angle is above 90°.3. Using seepage theory, the effects that the permeability and porosity of sweat-sinter, and the wikipedia of liquid lubricant on the diffusing characteristic were studied. The result showed that the flux of Pb, Sn and Ag under the same temperature and pressure grads is decreased in turn.
1) 基于高强圆柱发汗体,提出一种填充计算模型,研究了圆柱发汗体内圆球颗粒的排列方式及其相对大小对孔隙率的影响,给出了圆柱发汗体和圆球颗粒半径比R/r与孔隙率ε的关系曲线,以及圆柱发汗体高和圆球颗粒直径比H/2r与孔隙率ε'的关系曲线,分析结果发现:当R/r和H/2r的值分别大于一定值时,圆柱体试件的孔隙率将趋于稳定值。论文根据圆柱发汗体填充模型分析结果,给出了圆柱体发汗体试件的最小尺寸和推荐尺寸的计算方法。
2) 对采用自发熔融浸渗法将软金属润滑剂渗入金属陶瓷基体材料的过程进行了理论研究,以液态Sn为例分析了润湿角,表面张力,温度条件等对浸渗过程的影响。润湿角小于90°时可以实现自发浸渗,当润湿角大于90°时则需要外加压力才能浸渗。
3) 利用渗流理论对自润滑发汗体的渗透率、孔隙率和润滑剂熔体的粘度对发汗体的扩散特性的影响进行了研究,得出在相同温度和压力梯度下,Sn,Pb,Ag在发汗体内的流动量由大到小依次排列。
The dissertation is based on the method that preparing self-lubricating sweat-sinter by infiltrating liquid soft metal lubricator into the cermet, building a structural model of self-lubricating sweat-sinter, studying the effect of structural parameters of sweat sinter, physics character of soft metal lubricator and working condition on lubricant's infiltrating and diffusing. The main research work is divided into following parts:1. Based on self-lubricating columned sinter with high strength, a filling model has been set up, the effects of arrange style and the relative size between cylinder and ball granule on porosity have been studied, the relative curve between the radius ratio of cylinder to granule(R/r) and porosity(e) and the relative curve between the ratio of cylinder's height to granule's diameter(H/2r) and porosity(e') have been drawn. The results show that porosity trends to a steady value when R/r and H/2r reach to certain values. Based on the analysed results of columned sinter filling model, the calculational methods of minimum size and recommended size of columned sweat-sinter have been given.2. The process that the liquid soft metal lubricator infiltrating into the cermet was sturied by infiltration method, and the effects that the wetting angle, the surface tension of liquid Sn, the temperature, and the pressure on the infiltrating process were analysed. The melt infiltration can be taken spontaneously when the wetting angle is below 90°, but it needs outer pressure when the wetting angle is above 90°.3. Using seepage theory, the effects that the permeability and porosity of sweat-sinter, and the wikipedia of liquid lubricant on the diffusing characteristic were studied. The result showed that the flux of Pb, Sn and Ag under the same temperature and pressure grads is decreased in turn.
引文
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[2].孔晓丽,刘勇兵,陆有等.粉末冶金高温金属基固体自润滑材料.材料制品应用,2001,19(2):86～92
[3].薛茂权,熊党生,闫杰.高温固体润滑材料的研究现状.兵器材料科学与工程,2003,26(6):58～62
[4].李诗卓,姜晓霞.Peterson M B,et al.Ni-Cu-Re合金自生氧化膜的减摩机理.Materials Science Progress,1990,44(1),1-7.
[5].[苏]费尔多钦科,普金娜著.李孔兴译.粉末冶金复合减摩材料.北京:北京市粉末冶金研究所,1985
[6].刘如铁,李溪滨,熊党生等.一种镍基高温自润滑材料摩擦学特性的研究.Cent South Univ Technol,2000,31(3):260-263.
[7]. Y B Liu, S C Lim, and L Lu. Recent development in the fabrication of metal matrix-particulate composites using powder metallurgy techniques. J Mater Sci, 1994, 29:1999-2007
[8].王静波,吕晋军,薛群基等.SiC-Ni-Co-Mo-PbO系高温自润滑金属陶瓷的研究.摩擦学学报,1997,17(1):25～31
[9].刘如铁,李溪滨,程时和.某些金属基固体自润滑材料的研究概况.粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2000,5(1):33-38
[10].郁伯铭,姚凯伦.多孔介质中的分形与输运.物理,1994,23(5):281～284
[11]. M.A. Masen, M.B. de Rooij, D.J. Schipper. Micro-contact based modelling of abrasive wear. Wear, 258(2005):339～348
[12].顾秀娟,王齐华,王金清.多孔氧化铝陶瓷储油材料的摩擦学性能研究.摩擦学学报,2004,24(2):123～127
[13].王庆年,隋忠祥,刘勇兵等.国外某些金属基自润滑复合材料的开发与进展.摩擦学学报,1997,17(1):89～96
[14].熊党生,李诗卓,姜晓霞.Fe-Re合金高温摩擦研究特性.自然科学进展,1997,7(1):81-87.
[15].李溪滨等.粉末冶金金属基固体自润滑材料摩擦学行为.润滑与密封,1999,6:53-55.
[16].郭景杰,傅恒志.合金熔体及其处理.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[17].杨中喜,耿浩然.液态Sn的粘度及其熔体微观结构的变化.原子与分子物理学报,2004,21(4):56-58.
[18].林柏年.金属热态成形传输原理.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000
[19].张东晖,施明恒,金峰等.分形多孔介质的粒子扩散特点(Ⅰ)(Ⅱ).工程热物理学报,2004,25(5):822～824,825～827
[20]. Lu J J, Xue Q J, Wang J Betal. The effect of CeF3 on the mechanical andtribological properties of Ni-based alloy.Tribology International,1997, 30:659～662
[21]. Liu G H et al. Improvement in tribological properities of chromium oxide coating at high temperature by solid lubricants. Wear, 1993,160:181-189
[22]. N. Frage, N. Froumin, M. P. Dariel. Wetting of TiC by non-reactive liquid metals[J].Acta Mater.2002,50:237～245
[23].陈康华,包崇玺,刘红卫.金属/陶瓷润湿性(上).材料科学与工程,1997,15(3):6～10
[24].陈康华,包崇玺,刘红卫.金属/陶瓷润湿性(下)。材料科学与工程,1997,15(4):27～35
[25]. Cummings A. Impedance tube measurements on porous media: the effects of air-gaps around the sample [J]. J Sound and Vi-bration, 1991,151(1):63-75.
[26].薛群基,吕晋军.高温固体润滑研究的现状及发展趋势.摩擦学学报,1999,19(1):91～96
[27].杨慧敏.粉末冶金铝基固体自润滑材料的研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2003
[28].李绍忠.粉末冶金自润滑轴承的发展、特性与在主机制造中的选用原则.粉末冶金工业,2002,12(5):33～36
[29].贺奉嘉.烧结微孔材料粒径分布形态分析.湖南有色金属,1996,12(5):32～35
[30]. Lei Shuye, Wang Buxuan. A practical seepage model for heat and mass transfer in porous media. In: Proc of the 6th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Thermal Engineering. Seoul KOREA, 1993-01. 221～226
[31].贝尔著;李竞生,陈崇希译.多孔介质流体动力学。北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1983
[32]. Liang Fang, Oihong Cen, Kun Sun, etc. FEM computation of groove ridge and Monte Carlo simulation in two-body abrasive wear. Wear, 258(2005):265～274
[33]. Peifeng Zhang, Xiaoping Zheng, Suoping Wu, etc. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of Cu thin film growth. Vacuum, 72(2004):405～410
[34]. Liu Ci-qun, Wang Xiao-dong. Transient Pressure Behavior for Horizontal Well in Double-Porous Medium. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 1994,9(2):53-60
[35].伊泽明,丁春利.精通 MATLAB 6.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[36].黄金.融盐自发浸渗过程与微米级多孔陶瓷基复合相变储能材料研究:[博士学位论文].广州:广东工业大学,2005
[37]. Flodin A, Anderson S. Simulation of mild wear in spur gears. Wear, 1997, 207(1-2):16-23
[38].程桂萍,陈宏灯,闻德荪,等.铝液负压渗流过程的模拟试验.中国有色金属学报,2000,10(1):85～88
[39].李荣久.陶瓷—金属复合材料.北京:冶金工业出版社,2004
[40]. Della Corte C. The effect of counterface on the tribological performance of a high temperature solid lubricant composite from 25 to 650℃[J].Surf & Coatings Tech, 1996,86～87:486～492
[41]. Jaw Ren Lin. Optimal design of one-dimensional porous slider bearing using the Brinkman model. Tribology International, 2001,34:57
[42]. Jaw Ren Lin. Performance characteristics of finite porous slider bearings: Brinkman model. Tribology International, 2001,34:181～189
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